:

Descripción: Curso de especialidad en la carrera de Administración y Negocios Internacionales, de carácter teórico y práctico dirigido a los estudiantes del décimo ciclo y que busca generar una visión holística del actual panorama político y económico mundial, y su relación con el ámbito de los negocios. A través del desarrollo de la asignatura, los estudiantes toman consciencia sobre la importancia de interrelaciones existentes entre los actores y sucesos de la economía y la política internacional, y, por tanto, su impacto en las diversas áreas de los negocios internacionales, desde el comercio internacional, las políticas macroeconómicas y el choque de civilizaciones. A través del análisis de la información de diferentes regiones del mundo y acontecimientos globales, el alumno desarrollará su capacidad de identificar los problemas y las oportunidades derivadas de los cambios en el entorno internacional a fin de utilizarlos para gestionar negocios internacionales. Propósito: La asignatura tiene como propósito generar, en los estudiantes, un alto fundamento teórico-práctico de las relaciones globales de poder existentes a nivel comercial, político y cultural. Asimismo, brinda al estudiante la capacidad de comprender las causas y consecuencias de los principales hechos económicos y geopolíticos que modificaron, y continuarán modificando, el contexto sociopolítico y socioeconómico del mundo

:

Descripción: El curso Introducción a los Negocios Internacionales, es el primer curso de línea en la carrera de Administración y Negocios Internacionales de carácter teórico-práctico dirigido a los estudiantes del primer ciclo con el objetivo de brindar una visión global y actual del mundo y de los negocios internacionales. Propósito: El curso Introducción a los Negocios Internacionales es relevante porque busca desarrollar en el estudiante la capacidad de ser consciente que los NNII en la actualidad se desenvuelven dentro del contexto dinámico de las tecnologías de la información y la creciente globalización; así como desarrollar su visión comercial, a partir del conocimiento de los entornos con variables endógenas, en los que se presentan las diferentes fuerzas internas que si son controlables y los entornos con variables exógenas, en los que se presentan las fuerzas no controlables o externas. El curso desarrolla las competencias generales Pensamiento Innovador y Comunicación Oral, en el nivel de logro 1 y la competencia específica Evaluación de Oportunidades Internacionales en el nivel de logro

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Augmented reality application for EcoCampus

El campus ecológico de la universidad acoge todas las actividades académicas y juega un rol importante en la imagen que proyecta la universidad hacia la región. Sin embargo, la comunidad universitaria carece de conocimiento e interés por el EcoCampus lo cual conlleva a una falta de apego y apropiación del mismo. A raíz de esto, se requiere aumentar la exposición y el interés de los estudiantes hacia el campus ecológico mediante herramientas tecnológicas. La propuesta del proyecto es la creación de una aplicación móvil que implemente tecnologías de realidad aumentada con el fin de exponer el campus ecológico. La información mostrada en la aplicación es alojada en la base de datos y storage de Firebase y es gestionada mediante una plataforma web. Para este proyecto se uso una metodología de desarrollo ágil con comunicación constante con asesores con el fin de presentar adelantos semanales, recibir retroalimentación respecto a estos y plantear objetivos a alcanzar en la próxima reunión. El desarrollo de la aplicación se realizó utilizando Vuforia para generar el módulo de realidad aumentada mediante el reconocimiento de las placas instaladas en el campus y Unity para integrar el módulo de realidad aumentada con la aplicación móvil. La plataforma web de gestión se realizó usando React JS y Firebase para la capa de base de datos. Firebase se conecta con la aplicación móvil con el fin de mantener contenido actualizado en la aplicación. Se realizaron pruebas de usabilidad y funcionalidad con resultados exitosos. La prueba de usabilidad demostró el buen diseño de la aplicación y plataforma web; la prueba funcional confirmo el correcto funcionamiento de la aplicación según los requisitos funcionales. En el proyecto se implemento una plataforma web para la gestión de la información textual y audiovisual, una aplicación móvil con tecnología de realidad aumentada y se redactó un documento de levantamiento de requerimientos para trabajos futuros de EcoCampus.The university's ecological campus hosts all the academic activities and it’s a key aspect in the university’s reputation along the region. However the university’s community lacks knowledge and interest towards ecoCampus, which leads to a lack of appropriation towards it. Based on this, it’s required to increase the spotlight and the interest from the students towards the ecological campus using technological tools, such as software. This project’s goal is to design and develop a mobile application implementing augmented technologies in order to expose the ecological campus. The information displayed in the application is hosted in the database and storage offered by Firebase and it’s managed through a web platform. Throughout the project we adjusted an agile development methodology to the project’s needs. We established constant communication with our advisers and aimed to have weekly meetings in order to present the project’s status, get feedback on it and establish tasks to complete and present in the next meeting. We used Vuforia in order to develop the augmented reality module in the Unity environment. For the website, we used ReactJS and Firebase in order to manage and store the information, audio and photos and allow the administrator to update it. Usability and functionality tests were applied and the project achieved great results. The usability test showcased application and website good design and the functional test verified that all the functions were implemented correctly according to the functional requirements. The project achieved the design and development of a website to manage the data shown in the application as well as the augmented reality featured mobile app. A requirement document as also design for future works for ecoCampus

Introducción a los Negocios Internacionales - AN78 - 202102

Descripción: Es el primer curso de línea en la carrera de Administración y Negocios Internacionales y responde a un enfoque moderno de la administración estratégica, así como a una visión global del mundo comercial de hoy. Un elemento clave que se busca desarrollar en el estudiante es la conciencia y visión comercial internacional de los negocios a partir de la globalización y el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información que se viene dando en el mundo. Propósito: El curso tiene como propósito asegurar un sólido fundamento teórico - práctico del amplio panorama de los negocios internacionales, los cuales se realizan bajo diferentes modalidades. Así mismo, brinda al estudiante la oportunidad de familiarizarse con las principales fuerzas internas que enfrenta una empresa en su entorno nacional para poder hacer frente a todas aquellas fuerzas externas que le resultan incontrolables pero que debe entenderlas y buscar formas de enfrentarlas cuando se quiere ingresar a mercados externos. El curso desarrolla las competencias generales Pensamiento Innovador y Comunicación Oral, en el nivel de logro 1 y la competencia específica Evaluación de Oportunidades Internacionales en el nivel de logro 1. El curso no tiene pre requisitos

Differences Between Effective and Physical Roughness Parameter- A Headwater Mountain River Experiment

One-dimensional hydrodynamic models (HM) are widely used in the hydraulic modeling of rivers and channels. The result obtained with this type of model depends largely on correct estimation the roughness parameter. The value of the roughness parameter obtained through a HM calibration process differs from the one measured in the field. Hence, the objective of this research is focused on identifying the difference between physical and effective roughness for different morphologies present in Mountain Rivers. Physical roughness was indirectly measured with field data and Manning equation, while Effective roughness was found through GLUE experiments using water depth as validation data in one dimensional models in HEC RAS. Physical and effective roughness coefficients have shown differences depending on the morphology. In Cascade and Step-pool the physical roughness is higher than effective roughness, while in Plane-bed effective roughness is higher than physical roughness. The differences are attributed to the deviations that occur between the real conditions and the flow idealizations in an 1D - HD model. For any modelling application is important to research roughness values used previously and avoid formulations or tables which are based on field measurements.Cuenc

Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world's rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Colombian surgical outcomes study insights on perioperative mortality rate, a main indicator of the lancet commission on global surgery – a prospective cohort studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017