The Effects of Different Intensities on Eccentric Cycling Blood Flow Patterns at a Concentric Cycling Workload Match

Decrease of blood flow to tissues, due to plaque built by atherosclerosis, increases mortality and morbidity. Homeostatic balance in the vascular system depends directly on endothelial cells, and blood flow, better known as endothelial sheer stress (ESS). Different types of blood flow patterns have been established measured by Reynolds number (Re), and turbulent flow has been associated with the decrease of ESS. Eccentric exercise (ECC) has gained attention as a novel exercise modality that increases muscle performance without increasing metabolic demands; however, little is known about ESS during ECC. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of ECC cycling in blood flow patterns in young, apparently healthy individuals. METHODS: 18 apparently healthy participants, were recruited for two laboratory visits. First visit served to obtain maximum oxygen consumption and peak power (PP), to determine workload intensities, followed by a 5-min familiarization on eccentric ergometer. Second visit on eccentric ergometer assessed blood flow patterns (i.e. ESS and Re measured via imaging ultrasound and Doppler) during a 3-workload steady exercise test at low, moderate, and high intensities. RESULTS: There was an interaction of exercise intensity on antegrade ESS (F(3,53.7)=26.90, p\u3c0.001), but not Sex (p\u3e0.05), and a random effect of participant (p\u3c0.001) and Re anterograde (F(3,53.6)=25.03, p\u3c0.001), but not Sex or random effect of participant (p\u3e0.05). There was an interaction of condition on retrograde ESS (F(3,53.4)=11.21, p\u3c0.001), but not Sex (p\u3e0.05), and a random effect of participant (p\u3c0.001). and Re retrograde (F(3,54.3)=12.34, p\u3c0.001), Sex (F(1,18.5)=4.41, p=0.05), and random effect of participant (p\u3e0.05). CONCLUSION: Eccentric cycling exercise produces exercise-induced blood flow patterns that are intensity-dependent in males and females and these patterns are similar to traditional concentric cycling

Evaluación de la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua del manantial NE-02 para su consumo humano del caserío Agua Blanca, distrito de Sorochuco, Cajamarca - 2019

El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológico del agua del manantial NE-02 para su consumo humano Caserío Agua Blanca, distrito de Sorochuco, Provincia de Celendín, Región Cajamarca, Se utilizó el método cuantitativo de número más probable, el cual indica la concentración de bacterias coliformes totales y fecales, la investigación se llevó a cabo entre los meses de marzo, junio y septiembre del 2019; para ello se colectaron muestras de agua del manantial en estudio, considerándolo establecido por el Protocolo Nacional para el Monitoreo de la Calidad de los Recursos Hídricos Superficiales. R.J. N°10-2016-ANA. Los resultados obtenidos promedios fueron los siguientes. conductividad eléctrica 514.70 (uS/cm), oxígeno disuelto 6.38 (mg/L), potencial de hidrogeno 7.56 pH, en solidos totales disueltos 276 (mg/L), en turbidez de agua 1.57 (NTU), dureza total 293.93 (mg/L), cantidad de aluminio 0.03 (mg/L), manganeso <0.003 (mg/L), sodio 2.04 (mg/L), Fósforo <0.04 (mg/L), Coliformes totales 10.61 (NMP/100mL) y Coliformes termo tolerantes o fecales 0.7 (NMP/100mL), Por tanto se concluye que de acuerdo a lo comparado con los ECAS categoría A1, los estudios realizados en laboratorio del gobierno regional arrojaron resultados alentadores, para poder consumir dicho elemento

Optimising the Therapeutic Interval for Biologics in Patients with Psoriasis

In our clinical experience, more than half of patients do not present a complete response to biologic drugs, or drug loses its efficacy over time. Plasma determinations of drug and antidrug antibodies levels are an objective tool for optimisation in these patients; however, established therapeutic ranges are not suitable, so the objective of this study was to study these patients and optimise their healthcare. We have made a retrospective, observational study, using data of plasma levels of drugs and anti-drugs antibodies of infliximab, adalimumab or Etanercept, we summarise all data and make a study of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value on current therapeutic ranges. We have found a statistically significant association between subtherapeutic levels and therapeutic failure in psoriasis treated with infliximab and adalimumab. New ranges were found with higher sensitivity than the established ones, we propose 2–10 g/mL therapeutic range for infliximab, 3–11 g/mL for adalimumab, and 1–7 g/mL for etanercept. In conclusion, levels of drug and anti-drug antibodies are a decisive tool for predicting therapeutic response. The current therapeutic ranges may have minimum values that are excessively high, owing to which lowering them significantly increases the sensitivity of the test in all cases, and negative predictive value in the case of etanercept. Further prospective studies are needed to prove the usefulness of these new ranges.9 página

All-Inside Partial Epiphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Plus an Associated Modified Lemaire Procedure Sutured to the Femoral Button

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in skeletally immature patients are on the rise; pediatric athletes are now in constant year-round sports participation. Nonoperative treatment may lead to poor functional outcomes and an increase in associated intra-articular lesions and sometimes can cause drop-out from sports activity. The treatment of these injuries is not at all clear, and appropriate guidelines do not exist. Physeal-sparing and partial physeal-sparing techniques have been described. Concerns about restoring normal knee kinematics with the previously described ACL reconstruction (ACLR) techniques are open to debate. We describe a partial epiphyseal ACLR to be done in skeletally immature patients involved in highly demanding sport activities. This technique is performed with an extraphyseal femoral tunnel drilled retrograde, a transphyseal tibial tunnel, and a retrograde tibial drilling without trespassing the tibial physis. We added a modified Lemaire procedure to improve rotational instability to the previously performed ACLR

A MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) FOR THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OF BRIDGES

In last years, the traditional blackboard teaching has been incrementally supplemented by visual aids like slide projectors and videos. The phenomenal growth of the Internet has brought in new teaching media, such as Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) that open the educational experience up to a broader and more distant set of students. This easy access to education can increase motivation and it is a useful commercial tool for universities. Unlike other disciplines (such as economics or psychology), the MOOCs are rarely used to spread Civil Engineering courses. To fill this gap, and to encourage the use of MOOCs among Civil Engineering Schools, this paper presents the experience of the MOOC for the multidisciplinary design of bridges created by the University of Castilla-La Mancha. This MOOC is based on the experiences learned from the contest on bridge construction with knex for undergraduate students organized by this university in 2015, 2016 and 2017

Exhaled volatilome analysis as a useful tool to discriminate asthma with other coexisting atopic diseases in women of childbearing age

©2021. The authors. This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Scientifc Reports. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92933-2The prevalence of asthma is considerably high among women of childbearing age. Most asthmatic women also often have other atopic disorders. Therefore, the diferentiation between patients with atopic diseases without asthma and asthmatics with coexisting diseases is essential to avoid underdiagnosis of asthma and to design strategies to reduce symptom severity and improve quality of life of patients. Hence, we aimed for the frst time to conduct an analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of women of childbearing age as a new approach to discriminate between asthmatics with other coexisting atopic diseases and non-asthmatics (with or without atopic diseases), which could be a helpful tool for more accurate asthma detection and monitoring using a noninvasive technique in the near future. In this study, exhaled air samples of 336 women (training set (n= 211) and validation set (n= 125)) were collected and analyzed by thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ASCA (ANOVA (analysis of variance) simultaneous component analysis) and LASSO+LS (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator+ logistic regression) were employed for data analysis. Fifteen statistically signifcant models (p-value< 0.05 in permutation tests) that discriminated asthma with other coexisting atopic diseases in women of childbearing age were generated. Acetone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative were selected as discriminants of asthma with other coexisting atopic diseases. In addition, carbon disulfde, a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and decane discriminated asthma disease among patients with other atopic disorders. Results of this study indicate that refned metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath allows asthma with other coexisting atopic diseases discrimination in women of reproductive ag

New stratigraphically constrained palaeoenvironmental reconstructions for the first human settlement in Western Europe : The Early Pleistocene herpetofaunal assemblages from Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva 3 (Granada, SE Spain)

The Early Pleistocene sites of Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva 3 (Guadix-Baza Basin, SE Spain) have yielded abundant Oldowan lithic artifacts and one hominin tooth (Homo sp. in level D1 or D2 of Barranco Leon), today considered to be among the earliest evidence for a hominin presence in Western Europe, at ca. 1.4-1.2 Ma. Here, for the first time, the stratigraphic succession of these two sites are studied more precisely from a palaeoenvironmental point of view, taking into account the different levels of the depositional sequences to analyze the successive fossil assemblages of amphibians and reptiles. Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions are carried out by applying the "habitat weighting" method, which uses the modern distribution by habitat of amphibian and reptile species in order to interpret past landscapes. The successive herpetofaunal assemblages from Barranco Leon show a certain tendency towards more arid conditions from level D1 to level E, whereas in Fuente Nueva 3 environmental reconstructions reveal oscillating conditions, with a tendency towards more arid conditions in the basal part of the sequence, up to level 5, where the tendency shifts back to more humid conditions. Our results show that the layers included in this study with the highest density of anthropic evidence (such as level 5 in FN 3 and levels D1 and D2 in BL) are situated within the late Early Pleistocene climatic and environmental cyclicity, yielding different environmental conditions: a humid, wooded biotope for BL, and a more open and drier biotope in FN 3. This suggests that the hominins of the late Early Pleistocene, although conditioned to some extent by climatic factors, were able to cope with changing environmental conditions, both "interglacial" and "glacial", in the southwestern extremity of the European continent. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Defining a novel leptin–melanocortin–kisspeptin pathway involved in the metabolic control of puberty

Objective Puberty is a key developmental phenomenon highly sensitive to metabolic modulation. Worrying trends of changes in the timing of puberty have been reported in humans. These might be linked to the escalating prevalence of childhood obesity and could have deleterious impacts on later (cardio-metabolic) health, but their underlying mechanisms remain unsolved. The neuropeptide α-MSH, made by POMC neurons, plays a key role in energy homeostasis by mediating the actions of leptin and likely participates in the control of reproduction. However, its role in the metabolic regulation of puberty and interplay with kisspeptin, an essential puberty-regulating neuropeptide encoded by Kiss1, remain largely unknown. We aim here to unveil the potential contribution of central α-MSH signaling in the metabolic control of puberty by addressing its role in mediating the pubertal effects of leptin and its potential interaction with kisspeptin. Methods Using wild type and genetically modified rodent models, we implemented pharmacological studies, expression analyses, electrophysiological recordings, and virogenetic approaches involving DREADD technology to selectively inhibit Kiss1 neurons, in order to interrogate the physiological role of a putative leptin→α-MSH→kisspeptin pathway in the metabolic control of puberty. Results Stimulation of central α-MSH signaling robustly activated the reproductive axis in pubertal rats, whereas chronic inhibition of melanocortin receptors MC3/4R, delayed puberty, and prevented the permissive effect of leptin on puberty onset. Central blockade of MC3/4R or genetic elimination of kisspeptin receptors from POMC neurons did not affect kisspeptin effects. Conversely, congenital ablation of kisspeptin receptors or inducible, DREADD-mediated inhibition of arcuate nucleus (ARC) Kiss1 neurons resulted in markedly attenuated gonadotropic responses to MC3/4R activation. Furthermore, close appositions were observed between POMC fibers and ARC Kiss1 neurons while blockade of α-MSH signaling suppressed Kiss1 expression in the ARC of pubertal rats. Conclusions Our physiological, virogenetic, and functional genomic studies document a novel α-MSH→kisspeptin→GnRH neuronal signaling pathway involved in transmitting the permissive effects of leptin on pubertal maturation, which is relevant for the metabolic (and, eventually, pharmacological) regulation of puberty onsetThis work was supported by grants BFU2011-025021 & BFU2014-57581-P (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain; co-funded with EU funds from FEDER Program); project PIE-00005 (Flexi-Met, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad, Spain); Projects P08-CVI-03788 and P12-FQM-01943 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain); EU research contract DEER FP7-ENV-2007-1 and the New Zealand Health Research Council. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Senior authors are indebted with Dr. R.A. Steiner (University of Washington, Seattle, USA) and Dr. U. Boehm (University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany) for provision of relevant mouse lines, essential for conduction of some of the experiments included in this studyS

Real-world persistence of initial targeted therapy strategy in monotherapy versus combination therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis

Objective: The persistence of biologic (b) and targeted synthetic (ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs) in monotherapy versus in combination with conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs is still a controversial topic in rheumatic diseases. To clarify this issue, the retention of the initial treatment strategy of b/tsDMARD in combination with csDMARD versus monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients under real-life conditions was evaluated. Factors associated with maintenance of the initial strategy were analysed. Methods: Nested cohort study within the Spanish BIOBADASER III registry. Bivariate comparisons and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analyses. Results: A total of 2521 patients were included in the study. In the multivariate model, the initial strategy of combination therapy was associated with shorter persistence in patients with RA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.58;95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-2.50; p = .049), PsA (HR 2.48; 95% CI 1.65-3.72) and AS (HR 16.77; 95% CI 7.37-38.16; p < .001), regardless of sex, time of disease progression, baseline disease activity, glucocorticoid use or type of b/tsDMARD. Overall, the combination strategy was associated with an increased incidence of adverse events (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.13; 95% CI 1.05-1.21). Conclusions: In this real-life study, the strategy of combining a b/tsDMARD with a csDMARD is associated with lower persistence and worse safety profile compared to monotherapy in RA and especially in PsA and AS, suggesting that combination therapy should be rethought as first choice in RA patients, but especially in PsA and AS patients.This research is supported by the Research Unit of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. BIOBADASER is supported by the Spanish Agency of Drugs and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Biogen, Bristol-Myers and Squibb (BMS), Celltrion, Janssen, Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD), Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Samsung Bioepis.S