Basket-Handle Arch and Its Optimum Symmetry Generation as a Structural Element and Keeping the Aesthetic Point of View

The arches were a great advance in construction with respect to the rigid Greek linteled architecture. Its development came from the hand of the great Roman constructions, especially with the semicircular arch. In successive historical periods, different types of arches have been emerging, which in addition to their structural function was taking aesthetic characteristics that are used today to define the architectural style. When, in the construction of a bow, the rise is less than half the springing line, the semicircular arch is no longer used and the segmental arch is used, and then on to another more efficient and aesthetic arch, the basket-handle arch. This study examines the classic geometry of the basket-handle arch also called the three-centered arch. A solution is proposed from a constructive and aesthetic point of view, and this is approached both geometrically and analytically, where the relationship between the radius of the central arch and the radius of the lateral arch is minimized. The solution achieved allows the maximum springing line or clear span to be saved with the minimum rise that preserves the aesthetic point of view, since the horizontal thrust of a bow is greater than the relationship between the springing line of the arch and the rise. This solution has been programmed and the resulting software has made it possible to analyse existing arches in historic buildings or constructions to check if their solutions were close or not from both points of view. Thus, it has been possible to verify that in most of the existing arches analyzed, the proposed solution is reached

The tutoring as a vehicle for the promotion of competences in the new grade cross agricultural engineering

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónEl modelo de tutoría basado en la entrevista personal y reuniones en pequeños grupos ofrece una serie de ventajas y posibilidades para afianzas algunas de las competencias transversales del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Los títulos de grado acordes con la nueva convergencia incorporan las competencias transversales, dedicadas a la formación en valores humanos del alumnado. Además estos nuevos títulos tienen la particularidad de tener menos horas presenciales del alumno, lo que dificulta la adquisición de estas competencias en las clases. Este modelo, aplicado en la Escuela Técnica de Ingenieros Agrónomos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid en el curso 2005-2006, se ha visto útil en el desarrollo personal y humano del alumnado, y ha servido para detectar carencias desde el punto de vista personal, académico y curricular. Además el modelo de tutoría propuesto permitirá afianzar muchas de las competencias transversales personales, sistémicas e instrumentales que son parte de los nuevos títulos de grado. Se pretende que a través del modelo propuesto, se contribuya a que el alumnado sea artífice de su particular proyecto de vida y su propia cualificación, potenciar su capacidad de pensar y de hacer crítica, desarrollar su capacidad para planificar y llevarlo a la práctica.AndalucíaES

Bybliometric analysis of Argentinean scientific publications in the Agriculture, Multidisciplinary subject category in Web of Science database (1997-2009)

El propósito del trabajo ha sido caracterizar el área de Agriculture, Multidisciplinary en Argentina, revisándose a nivel institucional, a través de la base de datos Web of Science, los trabajos realizados por investigadores en Instituciones argentinas y publicados en revistas internacionales con factor de impacto entre 1997 y 2009. En el contexto de América Latina, se han publicado 7795 trabajos de todos los tipos documentales y 7622 del tipo artículo o revisión en 49 revistas, y a nivel de Argentina se han encontrado 531 artículos o revisiones publicados en 31 revistas, la mayoría en inglés (80,23%), pero también en español (15,25%) y en portugués (4,33%). Por otro lado, se han analizado las Instituciones desde el punto de vista cuantitativo y cualitativo mediante diversos indicadores bibliométricos, como el Factor de Impacto Ponderado, el Factor de Impacto Relativo y la ratio número de citas frente a número de documentos, encontrándose que entre las instituciones más productivas destacan el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas por el número de documentos y el Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos por el Factor de Impacto Ponderado y por la ratio citas frente a documentos. Se observa una escasa colaboración internacional.The purpose of this study was to characterize the subject area of Agriculture, Multidisciplinary in Argentina, reviewing at institutional level, the work done by researchers at institutions in Argentina and published in international journals with impact factor among 1997 and 2009, through the Web of Science database. In the context of Latin America, 7795 have been published works of all types and 7622 article or review in 49 journals, and at the level of Argentina have been found 531 articles or reviews published in 31 journals, mostly in English (80.23 %), but also in Spanish (15.25%) and Portuguese (4.33%). Moreover, the institutions have been analyzed from the point of view quantitative and qualitative through various bibliometric indicators, such as Weighted and Relative Impact Factor and the ratio number of citations compared to the number of documents, finding that among the most productive institutions include the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research by the number of documents, and the Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology by the Weighted Impact Factor and the ratio citations against documents, showing a little international collaboration.Fil: Rojas-Sola, José Ignacio. España. Universidad de Jaén. Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén.Fil: De San Antonio-Gómez, Carlos. Universidad Politécnica de Madri

Basket-Handle Arch and Its Optimum Symmetry Generation as a Structural Element and Keeping the Aesthetic Point of View

The arches were a great advance in construction with respect to the rigid Greek linteled architecture. Its development came from the hand of the great Roman constructions, especially with the semicircular arch. In successive historical periods, different types of arches have been emerging, which in addition to their structural function was taking aesthetic characteristics that are used today to define the architectural style. When, in the construction of a bow, the rise is less than half the springing line, the semicircular arch is no longer used and the segmental arch is used, and then on to another more efficient and aesthetic arch, the basket-handle arch. This study examines the classic geometry of the basket-handle arch also called the three-centered arch. A solution is proposed from a constructive and aesthetic point of view, and this is approached both geometrically and analytically, where the relationship between the radius of the central arch and the radius of the lateral arch is minimized. The solution achieved allows the maximum springing line or clear span to be saved with the minimum rise that preserves the aesthetic point of view, since the horizontal thrust of a bow is greater than the relationship between the springing line of the arch and the rise. This solution has been programmed and the resulting software has made it possible to analyse existing arches in historic buildings or constructions to check if their solutions were close or not from both points of view. Thus, it has been possible to verify that in most of the existing arches analyzed, the proposed solution is reached

The logarithmic spiral, autoisoptic curve

In the Line of Investigation that in the department of “Technical Drawing” in the School of Agriculture Engineering of Madrid, we carry out on the study of The Technical Curves and his singularities, we demonstrate an interesting property of the Logarithmic Spiral. The demonstrated property consists of which the logarithmic spiral is a autoisoptic curve, that is to say that if from a point P anyone of the spiral tangent straight lines draw up to the previous arc, these form a constant angle α. This demonstration is novel and in addition we get to contribute a method to calculate the angle α given the equation of the spiral

Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid

Most offshore wind farms built thus far are based on waters below 30 m deep, either using big diameter steel monopiles or a gravity base. Now, offshore windfarms are starting to be installed in deeper waters and the use of these structures—used for oil and gas like jackets and tripods—is becoming more competitive. Setting aside these calls for direct or fixed foundations, and thinking of water depths beyond 50 m, there is a completely new line of investigation focused on the usage of floating structures; TLP (tension leg platform), Spar (large deep craft cylindrical floating caisson), and semisubmersible are the most studied. We analyze these in detail at the end of this document. Nevertheless, it is foreseen that we must still wait sometime before these solutions, based on floating structures, can become truth from a commercial point of view, due to the higher cost, rather than direct or fixed foundations. In addition, it is more likely that some technical modifications in the wind turbines will have to be implemented to improve their function. Regarding wind farm connections to grid, it can be found from traditional designs such as radial, star or ring. On the other hand, for wind generator modeling, classifications can be established, modeling the wind turbine and modeling the wind farm. Finally, for the wind generator control, the main strategies are: passive stall, active stall, and pitch control; and when it is based on wind generation zone: fixed speed and variable speed. Lastly, the trend is to use strategies based on synchronous machines, as the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and the wound rotor synchronous generator (WRSG)

In vivo murine model of acquired resistance in myeloma reveals differential mechanisms for lenalidomide and pomalidomide in combination with dexamethasone

The development of resistance to therapy is unavoidable in the history of multiple myeloma patients. Therefore, the study of its characteristics and mechanisms is critical in the search for novel therapeutic approaches to overcome it. This effort is hampered by the absence of appropriate preclinical models, especially those mimicking acquired resistance. Here we present an in vivo model of acquired resistance based on the continuous treatment of mice bearing subcutaneous MM1S plasmacytomas. Xenografts acquired resistance to two generations of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs; lenalidomide and pomalidomide) in combination with dexamethasone, that was reversible after a wash-out period. Furthermore, lenalidomide-dexamethasone (LD) or pomalidomide-dexamethasone (PD) did not display cross-resistance, which could be due to the differential requirements of the key target Cereblon and its substrates Aiolos and Ikaros observed in cells resistant to each combination. Differential gene expression profiles of LD and PD could also explain the absence of cross-resistance. Onset of resistance to both combinations was accompanied by upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinaseextracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)ERK pathway and addition of selumetinib, a small-molecule MEK inhibitor, could resensitize resistant cells. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of acquired resistance to LD and PD combinations and offer possible therapeutic approaches to addressing IMiD resistance in the clinic.Peer Reviewe

Transcriptomic profile induced in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after interaction with multiple myeloma cells: implications in myeloma progression and myeloma bone disease

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.Despite evidence about the implication of the bone marrow (BM) stromal microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) cell growth and survival, little is known about the effects of myelomatous cells on BM stromal cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from healthy donors (dMSCs) or myeloma patients (pMSCs) were co-cultured with the myeloma cell line MM.1S, and the transcriptomic profile of MSCs induced by this interaction was analyzed. Deregulated genes after co-culture common to both d/pMSCs revealed functional involvement in tumor microenvironment cross-talk, myeloma growth induction and drug resistance, angiogenesis and signals for osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Additional genes induced by co-culture were exclusively deregulated in pMSCs and predominantly associated to RNA processing, the ubiquitine-proteasome pathway, cell cycle regulation, cellular stress and non-canonical Wnt signaling. The upregulated expression of five genes after co-culture (CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL6 in d/pMSCs, and Neuregulin 3 and Norrie disease protein exclusively in pMSCs) was confirmed, and functional in vitro assays revealed putative roles in MM pathophysiology. The transcriptomic profile of pMSCs co-cultured with myeloma cells may better reflect that of MSCs in the BM of myeloma patients, and provides new molecular insights to the contribution of these cells to MM pathophysiology and to myeloma bone disease.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish MINECO-ISCIII (PI12/02591, PI12/00624) and FEDER (European Funds for Regional Development); the Centro en Red for Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapy from Castilla y León; the Spanish Health Thematic Network of Cooperative Research in Cancer (RTICC RD12/0056/0058 and RD12/0036/0003), and Spanish FIS (PS09/01897 and PS09/00843). AG-G received support from the Centro en Red for Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapy from Castilla y León and from the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH), and EDR from the Spanish Association for Cancer Research (AECC).Peer Reviewe

Targeting aberrant DNA methylation in mesenchymal stromal cells as a treatment for myeloma bone disease

Multiple myeloma (MM) progression and myeloma-associated bone disease (MBD) are highly dependent on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MM-MSCs exhibit abnormal transcriptomes, suggesting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms governing their tumor-promoting functions and prolonged osteoblast suppression. Here, we identify widespread DNA methylation alterations of bone marrow-isolated MSCs from distinct MM stages, particularly in Homeobox genes involved in osteogenic differentiation that associate with their aberrant expression. Moreover, these DNA methylation changes are recapitulated in vitro by exposing MSCs from healthy individuals to MM cells. Pharmacological targeting of DNMTs and G9a with dual inhibitor CM-272 reverts the expression of hypermethylated osteogenic regulators and promotes osteoblast differentiation of myeloma MSCs. Most importantly, CM-272 treatment prevents tumor-associated bone loss and reduces tumor burden in a murine myeloma model. Our results demonstrate that epigenetic aberrancies mediate the impairment of bone formation in MM, and its targeting by CM-272 is able to reverse MBD. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to support multiple myeloma (MM) development. Here, MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of MM patients are shown to have altered DNA methylation patterns and a methyltransferase inhibitor reverts MM-associated bone loss and reduces tumour burden in MM murine models

Targeting aberrant DNA methylation in mesenchymal stromal cells as a treatment for myeloma bone disease

© The Author(s) 2021.Multiple myeloma (MM) progression and myeloma-associated bone disease (MBD) are highly dependent on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MM-MSCs exhibit abnormal transcriptomes, suggesting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms governing their tumor-promoting functions and prolonged osteoblast suppression. Here, we identify widespread DNA methylation alterations of bone marrow-isolated MSCs from distinct MM stages, particularly in Homeobox genes involved in osteogenic differentiation that associate with their aberrant expression. Moreover, these DNA methylation changes are recapitulated in vitro by exposing MSCs from healthy individuals to MM cells. Pharmacological targeting of DNMTs and G9a with dual inhibitor CM-272 reverts the expression of hypermethylated osteogenic regulators and promotes osteoblast differentiation of myeloma MSCs. Most importantly, CM-272 treatment prevents tumor-associated bone loss and reduces tumor burden in a murine myeloma model. Our results demonstrate that epigenetic aberrancies mediate the impairment of bone formation in MM, and its targeting by CM-272 is able to reverse MBD.We thank CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya and the Josep Carreras Foundation for institutional support. E.B. was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant numbers SAF2014-55942-R and SAF2017-88086-R), co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)—a way to build Europe, and a Senior Research Award from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF). C.O.-d.-S. was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, under grant RTI2018-094494-B-C22 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). M.G. received financial support from the Spanish FIS-ISCIII (PI15/02156 and PI19/01384) and FEDER. A.G.G is funded by a postdoctoral contract of the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC). F.P. was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), PI17/00701 and PI19/01352, TRASCAN (EPICA and Immunocell), Fundació La Marató de TV3, the Accelerator award CRUK/AIRC/AECC joint funder-partnership, CIBERONC (CB16/12/00489) and co-financed with FEDER funds and Fundación Ramón Areces (PREMAMM)