Mentoring for Women in Higher Education

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mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} This article is a retrospective, reflexive account of mentoring for women in the ELT setting. After tracing the etymology of the word, it looks at its special significance for women in the ELT scenario. Professional roles are a new development for women in Pakistan, hence the need for mentoring. The article discusses the psychosocial and professional overtones of mentoring by looking at a case study. Among other things mentoring is a complex combination of counseling, tutoring and modeling. It has its phases and requires a formal initiation and closure to be effective. Confidentiality is a pre-requisite in this relationship. The case study highlights the different and changing/evolving roles of the mentor and mentee and its benefits and repercussions for both.</p

Perspective of Organizational Cultural in Effective Teacher Socialization: A Study of Beginning English Teachers in Pakistan

Abstract English language teaching in Pakistan is one of the major areas in the current educational reforms with the special focus on professional socialization of English teachers. This study aims at discovering and quantifying the relationship between organizational culture and effective socialization of beginning English teachers. Organizational culture has been identified with the considerations of equal &amp; fair treatment with the beginning teachers, well-defined policies, self-recognition, academic facilities, teachers’ interaction and individual and organizational expectations. The required data was collected through survey method techniques, selecting a sample from the colleges located in Punjab province and Islamabad and getting questionnaires filled. The data, collected from 295 respondents, was analyzed and testified with statistical description. The results rejected the null hypothesis of no relationship between effective socialization and organizational culture. The results identified many socialization challenges to beginning teachers related to organizational culture including within weak relationship among teachers, concerns for equal treatment, unsupported administrative milieu, shaky self-perception, insufficient academic resources and ineffective role of staffroom. Finally it is suggested that organizational culture of Pakistani colleges may be made more conducive by training beginning teachers in conformity with the organizational objectives and professional requirements, bringing down the rate of conflicts and errors and above all enhancing the positive role of the principals who should create a productive environment with the help of a young team of enthusiastic beginning teachers

Operational parameters optimization for remediation of crude oil-polluted water in floating treatment wetlands using response surface methodology

The application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an innovative nature-based solution for the remediation of polluted water. The rational improvement of water treatment via FTWs is typically based on multifactorial experiments which are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Here, we used the response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of FTW’s operational parameters for the remediation of water polluted by crude oil. The central composite design (CCD) of RSM was used to generate the experimental layout for testing the effect of the variables hydrocarbon, nutrient, and surfactant concentrations, aeration, and retention time on the hydrocarbon removal in 50 different FTW test systems planted with the common reed, Phragmites australis. The results from these FTW were used to formulate a mathematical model in which the computational data strongly correlated with the experimental results. The operational parameters were further optimized via modeling prediction plus experimental validation in test FTW systems. In the FTW with optimized parameters, there was a 95% attenuation of the hydrocarbon concentration, which was very close to the 98% attenuation predicted by the model. The cost-effectiveness ratio showed a reduction of the treatment cost up to $0.048/liter of wastewater. The approach showed that RSM is a useful strategy for designing FTW experiments and optimizing operational parameters

Bioaugmentation-Enhanced Remediation of Crude Oil Polluted Water in Pilot-Scale Floating Treatment Wetlands

Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are cost-effective systems for the remediation of polluted water. In FTWs, the metabolic activity of microorganisms associated with plants is fundamental to treatment efficiency. Bioaugmentation, the addition of microorganisms with pollutant-degrading capabilities, appears to be a promising means to enhance the treatment efficiency of FTWs. Here, we quantified the effect of bioaugmentation with a four-membered bacterial consortium on the remediation of water contaminated with crude oil in pilot-scale FTWs planted with Phragmites australis or Typha domingensis. The bacteria had been isolated from the endosphere and rhizosphere of various plants and carry the alkane hydroxylase gene, alkB, involved in aerobic hydrocarbon degradation. During a treatment period of 36 days, FTWs planted with P. australis achieved a reduction in hydrocarbon concentration from 300 mg/L to 16 mg/L with and 56 mg/L without bioaugmentation. In the FTWs planted with T. domingensis, respective hydrocarbon concentrations were 46 mg/L and 84 mg/L. The inoculated bacteria proliferated in the rhizoplane and in the plant interior. Copy numbers of the alkB gene and its mRNA increased over time in plant-associated samples, suggesting increased bacterial hydrocarbon degradation. The results show that bioaugmentation improved the treatment of oil-contaminated water in FTWs by at least a factor of two, indicating that the performance of full-scale systems can be improved at only small costs

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: is it a risk factor for recurrent miscarriage?

Background: About 50% cases of recurrent miscarriages are idiopathic. The association of fibrinolytic defects with recurrent pregnancy failure is a novel research avenue and was first recommended in early 1990s. High Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels are found to be associated with recurrent miscarriage in various studies. The association of Plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 with recurrent pregnancy loss and its various variables are detrermined. Methods: This study was conducted at Ziauddin University Hospital Karachi, from Feb 2014 to Nov 2014. All non pregnant and non-obese women with history of consecutive two or more miscarriages, with no co-morbid diseases, visiting a gynecologist were included. Studied variables included were age, BMI, no. of miscarriages, time of miscarriage and plasma PAI-1 levels. The data was expressed in terms of median and percentages with a confidence interval of 95%. Analysis was done on SPSS version 20. Results: The median age of females was found to be 27.34± 5.09 years. Out of seventy five females with history of recurrent miscarriages, (81.3%) (n=61) women had Plasma PAI-1 levels within normal range whereas (18.7%) (n=14) had value greater than normal. The median plasma PAI-1 was found to be 29.6±22.16 ng/ml. Conclusion: PAI-1 was not found to be a risk factor for recurrent miscarriages in a local population of Karachi. Furthermore, studies on a large sample size need to be undertaken to assess the role of PAI-1in our population. Key Words: Recurrent pregnancy loss. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Fibrinolysi

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

Gendered representations of the Spanish Civil War: the Self, the Journey and the Other in Silvia Mistral’s Éxodo. Diario de una refugiada española.

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) marked a key turning point in both European and Spanish national history, and still casts a shadow over contemporary Spain because of the brutal nature of the violence. The defeated Republicans were erased from Spanish history and society during General Francisco Franco’s dictatorship—killed, imprisoned or exiled. Silvia Mistral’s Éxodo. Diario de una refugiada española, republished in 2009, documents La Retirada, the fourth phase of the Republican journey into exile, from its inception in January 1939 to her arrival in Mexico in July 1939. The protagonist chronicles her own journey in relation to the experience of others through the means of a diary, in an attempt to represent the collectivity of the female exilic experience and the multiplicity of female identity at this specific historical juncture. Through close textual analysis, the thesis explores the representations of the Self, the Journey and the Other through their gendered construction, with the aim of demonstrating the power inscribed into women’s autobiographical acts and their contemporary relevance to Spain as it begins to reverse the process of invisibilisation of Republican voices and memories

A comparative analysis of operating performance: evidence from the top five pharmaceutical companies of Bangladesh listed with Dhaka stock exchange

This article was published in European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences [© 2013 European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences] The article website is at: http://www.europeanjournalofeconomicsfinanceandadministrativesciences.com/issues/EJEFAS_58.htmlThis paper attempts to evaluate the financial performance of pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh through analyzing the top 5 listed companies in this sector. The study is based on secondary data from 2005 to 2010 and collected data have been analyzed through different financial ratios and statistical tools like mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (CV) and T- test, etc. It was observed from the study of the audited financial statements of the pharmaceutical companies that the efficiency dimension has not been satisfactory for all the companies mainly due to inefficient asset management. However, most of the companies managed to maintain financial stability over the years under consideration. As far as the profitability and solvency dimensions are concerned, both Renata and Square companies outperformed the industry and had been able to generate reasonable return to the shareholders. In terms of liquidity, although the ratio of these companies has shown a downward trend over the past six years but was above the industry average. This study will help the general investors to understand the nature of operating performance of the pharmaceutical companies of Bangladesh, to identify the key factors responsible for such performance and help them to take informed investment decision.Publishe

Looking at Punjabi Language Through a Researcher’s Lens

Abstract:We, as articulate beings, are fond of telling stories. We have a strong oral tradition and are interested in listening to and narrating stories. Throughout our lives, all of us whether we are teachers, students, researchers, doctors, patients, are engaged in the activity of storytelling in an attempt to give meaning to our own experiences and to understand the behaviour of others. This paper is based on my personal experiences during my doctoral research. The story begins when I was searching for a topic for my research. After describing the study, its significance and a detailed account of the demographic information of the research sites, I narrate my experience of visiting the research sites and interacting with my research participants in order to paint an accurate and vivid picture of the whole process of conducting ethnographic research