PENYIMPANGAN MAKSIM KERJA SAMA DAlAM FILM KOMEDI KAPAL GOYANG KAPTEN 2019 KARYA RAYMOND HANDAYA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk penyimpanan maksim kerjasama yang digunakan dalam penciptaan humor dalam komedi Kapal Goyang Kapten 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Obyek penelitian ini adalah tuturan antar tokoh  Komedi Kapal Goyang Kapten yang  pertama kali ditayangkan di bioskop. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah teknik melihat, merekam, mencatat dan kemudian menganalisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah gambaran penyimpangan maksim kerja sama yang terdiri dari penyimpangan maksim kerja sama kuantitas berjumlah 1, penyimpangan maksim kerja sama kualitas yang berjumlah 11,  penyimpanan maksim kerja sama relieversi yang berjumlah 3, dan terdapat 4 nyimpangan maksim kerja sama pelaksanaa

The Structural and Macroeconomic Determinants of Manufacturing Export-Value Performance in ASEAN Countries

This study aims to scrutinize the determinants of manufacturing exports in several ASEAN countries, specifically: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnam. It adopts a panel data regression using the random effects model to predict manufacturing export value using structural (economic complexity and human capital) and macroeconomic (real effective exchange rate, foreign direct investment, and inflation) variables. The research finds that foreign direct investment, human capital, real effective exchange rate, and inflation are positive and statistically significant predictors of manufacturing exports in these ASEAN countries. However, the positive correlation between the real effective exchange rate and manufacturing exports is against previous literature arguing that a currency’s depreciation drives export competitiveness. The findings suggest that currency appreciation can enhance a country’s export performance as exports’ input products are cheaper than before. Additionally, the positive influence of inflation on exports can be explained by the subsequent increase in consumption from foreign countries. Therefore, in addition to managing their exchange rates, countries must develop their human capital and attract more foreign investments to enhance their export performance

Adverse effects of artificial illumination on bat drinking activity

Artificial illumination at night (ALAN) alters many aspects of animal behaviour. Commuting and foraging bats have been found to be affected by ALAN, but no study has yet addressed the impact of lighting on drinking activity, despite its critical importance for bats. We experimentally illuminated cattle troughs used by drinking bats at four forest sites in Italy, and compared drinking activity and foraging activity under lit and dark conditions. We predicted that (1) the number of bat species and drinking events will be lower under illumination and (2) forest bat species will be more affected than edge specialists. We recorded 2549 drinking events from 12 species or species groups, most of which decreased drinking activity under illumination. The effects of ALAN on drinking were stronger than on foraging. Forest species never drank when the light was on. Edge-foraging species reduced drinking activity while also increasing foraging under lit conditions. We highlight a previously overlooked negative effect of ALAN on bats, whose implications may be locally catastrophic. Given the importance of water sites for both bat foraging and drinking, their illumination should be forbidden, appropriately mitigated or, if necessary, compensated for with the creation of alternative drinking sites

EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN MODEL MICROLEARNING PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA JEPANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA SISWA KELAS XII SMK YAPPENDA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan mengenai kemampuan berbicara siswa dalam bahasa Jepang. Siswa cenderung sulit melafalkan kalimat, sering tercampurnya pelafalan bahasa Inggris saat berbicara menggunakan bahasa Jepang. Permasalahan lainnya adalah waktu belajar yang terbatas sehingga praktik berbicara bahasa Jepang untuk siswa kurang maksimal. Di sisi lain materi pembelajaran cukup banyak, sehingga ketercapaian target pembelajaran kurang maksimal. Kemudian kurang nya pemanfaatan media dalam proses pembelajaran yang berbasis teknologi, menjadi salah satu penyebab kurang terpicunya minat belajar siswa. Microlearning dihadirkan sebagai salah satu model pembelajaran yang dimungkinkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang tengah dihadapi. Microlearning merupakan materi pembelajaran yang di pecah menjadi konten kecil dengan menggunakan media berbasis teknologi, dan pembelajaran yang bersifat fleksibel sehingga siswa dapat lebih mudah memahami materi serta dapat belajar dimana pun dan kapanpun. Penggunaan microlearning pada penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan model Microlearning pada pembelajran bahasa Jepang untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pre experimental design dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK Yappenda. Sampel yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XII jurusan Akuntansi Keuangan dan Layanan dengan jumlah 24 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa observasi, tes, dan angket. Dari hasil pengolahan data penelitian, diketahui thitung sebesar 2,82 dengan taraf signifikasi 5% dan derajat kebebasan (db) = 23 memperoleh ttabel 2,07. Dengan demikian (thitung > ttabel), dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Microlearning efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara dalam bahasa Jepang siswa kelas XII jurusan Akuntansi Keuangan dan Layanan SMK Yappenda. ******** This research was motivated by problems regarding students' speaking abilities in Japanese. Students tend to find it difficult to pronounce sentences, English pronunciation is often mixed up when speaking Japanese. Another problem is limited study time so that students' practice of speaking Japanese is not optimal. On the other hand, there is quite a lot of learning material, so the achievement of learning targets is less than optimal. Then the lack of media usage in the technology-based learning process is one of the causes for the lack of triggering the students' interest in learning. Microlearning is presented as a learning model that can possibly overcome the problems currently being faced. Microlearning has the characteristics of learning material which is broken down into small content, the use of technology-based media, and flexible learning so that students can understand the material easier and can learn whenever wherever they want. The application of microlearning in this research is to determine the effectiveness of applying the Microlearning model to Japanese language learning to improve students' speaking skills. The method used in this research is the pre-experimental design method with one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were Yappenda Vocational School students. The sample chosen in this research was class XII majoring in Financial Accounting and Services with a total of 24 people. The research instruments used were observations, tests and questionnaires. From the results of research data processing, it is known that calculated t-value is 2.82 with a significance level of 5% and degrees of freedom (db) = 23, obtaining a calculated t-value of 2.07. Thus (calculated t-value > tabulated t-value), it can be concluded that the application of the Microlearning model is effective in improving the ability to speak Japanese in class XII students majoring in Financial Accounting and Services at Yappenda Vocational School

Lakes as food sources for bats : evidence from stable isotopes and acoustic monitoring

This thesis deals with aquatic–terrestrial interactions, specifically in the use of freshwater insect fluxes by bats. Emerging aquatic insects are an important source of energy for bats and other terrestrial consumers. Many bat species depend on aquatic bodies not only for drinking water, but also partly or entirely for food. The main question of this thesis is how important are lakes as food sources for bats.With a literature review (Chapter I), I first present an overview of the current knowledge on bats’ use of aquatic habitats, emphasizing how anthropogenic impacts on water bodies affect bats. This review shows that the majority of the studies have been conducted in Europe and North America, and most indirectly describe the use of aquatic resources from bats. The most common method used is acoustic monitoring, sometimes combined with other methods such as radio-tracking. It does not appear that research is focused on threatened or endangered species. The effects of water pollution and eutrophication on bats are unclear, as different effects are reported for different species and areas. Thus, this topic needs further investigation. More studies are also needed for understudied areas such as Africa, South America and Asia, and also for areas with limited water resources.For the research of the topic, we used only non-invasive methods, for the bats. The first approach was biochemical tracers, i.e. stable isotope and fatty acid analysis of bat faeces. Since stable isotope analysis has so far been used in bat ecology mostly on hair, blood, muscles and claws, we wanted to explore faeces as samples, as they do not require catching the animals. First, we tested the effectiveness of the stable isotope analysis method on faeces, with a diet-shift experiment on captive bats of two species (Chapter II). We shifted the bats’ mealworm diet from light to heavy isotope labels and after seven days we shifted it back to the light isotopic label. The stable carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulphur (δ34S) values on the faeces reflected the signature of the last diet within three hours after the last meal. We also calculated the isotopic difference (Δ) between diet and faeces which was significant for nitrogen, but not for carbon and sulphur, and did not differ for diet or species. These isotopic difference values are necessary for reconstructing diet from wild individuals and when the diet is unknown. Our results, that faecal stable isotopes reflect the isotopic signature of the last consumed food, showed that stable isotope analysis in faeces is a suitable method for investigating questions concerning short-term shifts in diet or habitat of bats, and possibly other insectivorous small mammals.The next step was to apply these biochemical tracers on bat faeces from wild bats (Chapter III). Our question —always linked to the main question of this thesis— was to investigate whether it is possible to use stable isotopes on faeces to identify aquatic or terrestrial origins of the prey. In addition to stable isotopes, we used another chemical tracer, fatty acids. Both stable isotopes and fatty acids have different signatures between different habitats, such as between aquatic and terrestrial systems. We collected fresh faeces from the roosts of three bat species with known preferences, on the borders of Germany and Switzerland. The species Myotis daubentonii is known to feed almost exclusively on aquatic insects (mainly Chironomidae), M. myotis feeds on terrestrial arthropods (beetles) and M. mystacinus has been reported to feed on both aquatic and terrestrial insects. Thus, we expected that the stable isotope and fatty acid values of their faeces would reflect their feeding preferences. In line with our expectations, we found higher δ15N and omega-3 and lower δ13C and omega-6 in M. daubentonii’s faeces, as is characteristic for freshwater systems. The opposite was true for M. myotis, while M. mystacinus—as expected— had intermediate values, indicating that it indeed feeds on both aquatic and terrestrial food.The second approach, for investigating the relationship between bats and aquatic insects and shedding more light on the effect of season on aquatic insect emergence and bat activity, was a field study at three lakes in South Germany during the three seasons when bats are active (Chapter IV & Chapter V). We used passive acoustic monitoring, during the whole night, which is an effective, non-invasive method for assessing bat activity. For the nights of recording, as well as the preceding days, we collected emerging insects using floating emergence traps, and caught aerial flying insects using a Malaise trap. In all lakes, Chironomidae constituted the highest number of emergent insects; seasonal patterns of emergence were unimodal or bimodal with peaks at different times (beginning of summer, end of summer, beginning of autumn). Insect emergence had a positive relation with the water temperature in all lakes, but not with any other water parameters. In general, we found weak correlations between bat activity and insect emergence in the two lakes (Constance and Siechenweiher) and no correlations in Mindelsee. Bat activity also showed seasonal fluctuations that did not always follow insect emergence, probably because other factors (e.g., season, habitat characteristics, or energy requirements) played an important role. Bats were active throughout night, and the pattern of their activity also differed among lakes and seasons.In conclusion, the results of this thesis show that lakes and their shores are important habitats for bats, as they support a high number of bat species. Aquatic fluxes to terrestrial systems have a considerable seasonal variation. Bat activity is influenced by season, insect availability and probably other factors (e.g., habitat structure, bats energy requirements) that we did not examine here. We suggest acoustic monitoring of bat activity and biochemical methods, i.e. stable isotope and fatty acid analysis of faeces, may be used to answer questions related to short-term diet or habitat shifts. These methods are non-invasive and efficient in studying aquatic-terrestrial trophic interactions and the use of aquatic resources by bats.The findings of this thesis have a value for studying ecological questions related to food web dynamics, interactions between different habitats and animals or animal behaviour related to diet and habitat (with stable isotopes and fatty acids on faeces revealing short-term changes). The present results and conclusions may also prove useful for conservation, not only in the local region and for the studied species, but also for other insectivorous mammals or other species that rely on aquatic resources

Pendampingan Peningkatan Produktivitas dan Daya Saing Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Teh Tarik Jelly Campernik Cianjur

Di tengah pandemi, UMKM merupakan tulang punggung dalam pemulihan ekonomi Indonesia, sehingga dukungan atas pembaharuan produktivitas dan daya saing UMKM sangat dibutuhkan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan daya saing dari produk minuman Teh Tarik Jelly yang diproduksi oleh mitra UMKM Campernik. Langkah pertama yang dilakukan dalam peningkatan produktivitas yakni dengan menganalisa alur produksi mitra untuk mencari sumber ketidakefisienan dari aktivitas produksi dimana setelahnya akan dilakukan pembaharuan dengan mengimplementasikan sistem produksi lean. Perihal daya saing, analisis terhadap daya saing mitra berasaskan teori generic strategies yang digagas oleh Michael Porter telah dilakukan bersama dengan melakukan visualisasi positioning dengan perceptual map. Hasil mengindikasikan bahwa perbaikan pada proses produksi meningkatkan efisiensi total waktu produksi sebesar 58,3%. Dengan demikian, penghilangan akan aktivitas waste pada alur produksi menghasilkan peningkatan produktivitas mitra. Sedangkan hasil analisis daya saing menunjukkan bahwa mitra Campernik sedang mengaplikasikan strategi Benefit Leadership. Posisi Campernik ini harus diperkuat dengan mengimplementasikan strategi-strategi pendukung yang dapat memperkuat positioning Campernik di pasar.&nbsp