Mudança de Cultura no Uso de Tecnologias Educacionais: Estudo de Caso no Modelo Semipresencial do Cederj

O presente trabalho se propõe a descrever o processo de implementação de uma nova cultura de uso do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, iniciado em 2012, junto aos cursos de graduação do Consórcio Cederj, ofertados no modelo semipresencial, e, posteriormente, sua difusão pelas diversas disciplinas. Com o objetivo principal de se aprimorar os processos de ensino-aprendizagem a distância, foram instituídas, além da implementação de uma nova plataforma, ações de capacitação destinadas aos diversos atores envolvidos no processo e iniciativas de apoio ao atendimento ao aluno e ao professor no que se refere à edição e ao uso de salas de aula virtuais. Dados coletados e apresentados ao longo do presente trabalho trazem reflexões relevantes acerca da utilização da plataforma de cursos on-line, em larga escala, baseada em uma abordagem construtivista e de acordo com os princípios atuais do design instrucional contextualizado e de estímulo à autoria do professor.Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Web 2.0; Sistema de gestão da aprendizagem.Culture Change in the Use of Educational Technology: a Case Study in Cederj Blended ModelAbstractThis paper aims to describe the implementation process of a new culture on using a virtual learning environment, which started in 2012, in undergraduate courses offered by Consórcio Cederj in a blended learning model, and, later, to discuss the propagation of this culture for all courses. With the objective of improving the distance teaching and learning process, a new learning platform was implemented. In addition training programs were instituted for the actors involved in the process and support initiatives to student and teacher in order to help them editing and using the virtual classrooms. Collected and presented data present in this work brings relevant ideas about the use of learning platform to offer online courses, in a large-scale, based on a constructivist approach and according to current principles of contextualized instructional design and of stimulus to the professors authorship.Key words: Distance education; Web 2.0; Learning management system

Antioxidant Action of Mangrove Polyphenols against Gastric Damage Induced by Absolute Ethanol and Ischemia-Reperfusion in the Rat

Rhizophora mangle, the red mangrove, has long been known as a traditional medicine. Its bark has been used as astringent, antiseptic, hemostatic, with antifungic and antiulcerogenic properties. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of a buthanolic fraction of the R. mangle bark extract (RM) against experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Unib-Wh rats received pretreatment of R. mangle after the induction of gastric injury with absolute ethanol and ischemia-reperfusion. Gastric tissues from both methods were prepared to the enzymatic assays, the levels of sulfhydril compounds (GSH), lipid peroxides (LPO), and the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. The RM protected the gastric mucosa in both methods used, ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and ischemia-reperfusion, probably, by modulating the activities of the enzymes SOD, GPx, and GR and increasing or maintaining the levels of GSH; in adittion, LPO levels were reduced. The results suggest that the RM antioxidant activity leads to tissue protection; thus one of the antiulcer mechanisms present on the pharmacological effects of R. mangle is the antioxidant property

Modelling of functions in calculating DRIS indices

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar o fator k e as funções DRIS para a diagnose foliar de mangueiras cultivadas. Dez pomares comerciais, no estágio de produção, localizados no vale do Rio São Francisco, foram monitorados, mensalmente, durante dois anos, por meio da coleta de amostras foliares para determinação dos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Mn, Zn e Cu. Os dados foram testados quanto à normalidade e as relações entre as concentrações dos nutrientes foram usadas para calcular as normas DRIS, obtendo-se média, variância e limites máximo e mínimo de cada relação dentro da população amostrada. Os nutrientes foram classificados como macronutrientes de resposta freqüente (MAF) (N, P e K), macronutrientes de resposta rara (MAR) (Ca e Mg); micronutrientes de resposta freqüente (MIF) (B, Fe, Mn e Zn) e, micronutrientes de resposta rara (MIR) (Cu). Funções DRIS foram desenvolvidas para cada classe de nutrientes. O modelo desenvolvido expressa o balanço nutricional das plantas cultivadas ajustado a cada nutriente e reflete o comportamento biológico das plantas como resultado da variação da disponibilidade dos nutrientes.The objective of this work was to model DRIS functions and k factor on foliar diagnosis of mango crops. Ten commercial orchards, at yield stage, in the São Francisco River valley were monitored, monthly, during a two-year period, by means of collecting leaf samples to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations. Data were tested for normality and bivariate relationships between nutrient concentrations were used to calculate DRIS norms. Mean, variance as well as minimum and maximum values were calculated for each relationship within the population. Nutrients were classified as follows: highly responsive macronutrients (HRMa) (N, P and K); rarely responsive macronutrients (RRMa) (Ca and Mg); highly responsive micronutrients (HRMi) (B, Fe, Mn and Zn), and rarely responsive micronutrients (RRMi) (Cu). DRIS functions were developed for each nutrient class. Results showed that the developed model expresses the nutritional balance adjusted for each nutrient, and reflects the expected biological behavior of plants as a result of variation in the availability of nutrients

That anthropology was not for us

Special interview - Cadernos de Campo - 25 year

ESTACIONALIDADE E A PRODUÇÃO DE OÓCITOS E EMBRIÕES in vitro EM VACAS GIR LEITEIRO NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL

The reproductive performance of B.taurus embryo donors is affected in many tropical and temperate countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the climatic conditions of summer and winter climatic conditions on the production of oocytes and in vitro embryos in dairy cows of the breed Gir Leiteiro (Bos indicus) at farms in Southeast of the Brazil. The variable answers evaluated were the total oocytes recovered (TO) and percentage of viable oocytes over the total (PVO); embryo production (EP) and percentage of embryos in viable oocytes (PE) over the total of structures recovered by follicular aspiration guided by ultrasonography (OPU). The oocytes analyzed were obtained from 10 herds and 153 pubertal donors of different ages and orders of parturition. The average from 380 ovum pick up (OPU) during summer were: TO=14.8; PVO=12.6; EP=3.4; PE=22.3%, and TO=13.4; PVO=10.8; EP=3.5; PE=26.1%, with variation coefficient of up to 84%, and no differences evaluated through the Kruscal Wallis (p<0.05). Only the percentage of viable oocytes was higher (p<0.05) in the summer period (PVO=84.4 vs. 80.0%). However, the embryo production (IVEP) was similar in both seasons (summer and winter). Therefore, we could conclude that the embryo production of Dairy Gir cows in Southeast of the Brazil was not affected by weather seasonality.A eficiência reprodutiva de doadoras de embriões Bos taurus é afetada pelas estações devido ao estresse calórico em países de clima tropical e temperado. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito das condições climáticas de verão e inverno na produção de oócitos e embriões in vitro na raça Gir Leiteiro (Bos indicus) em fazendas da região Sudeste do Brasil. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: total de oócitos recuperados (OT), oócitos viáveis (OV) e percentual de oócitos viáveis sobre o total (POV); embriões produzidos (EP) e percentual de embriões produzidos (PEP) sobre o total de estruturas recuperadas pela aspiração folicular guiada por ultrassonografia (OPU). Os oócitos foram obtidos de 153 doadoras pluríparas de diferentes idades e ordens de parição de 10 rebanhos. As médias obtidas em 380 aspirações foliculares (OPU) nos meses de verão foram: OT=14,8; OV=12,6; EP= 3,4; PEP=22,3%, e no inverno de OT=13,4; OV=10,8; EP=3,5; PEP=26,1%, apresentando coeficiente de variação de até 84%, porém sem diferença estatísticas (p<0,05) entre estes períodos, utilizando-se o teste de Kruscal Wallis (p<0,05). Apenas a percentagem de oócitos viáveis foi maior (p<0,05) no período de verão (POV=84,4 vs. 80,0%), contudo, o total de embriões PIVE foi semelhante nos dois períodos. Conclui-se que a produção de embriões da raça Gir Leiteiro, criadas na região Sudeste do Brasil, não foi afetada pela sazonalidade climática

Applications of the hexanic fraction of Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm (Asparagaceae): control of inflammation and pain screening

The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Agave sisalana Perrine in classic models of inflammation and pain. The hexanic fraction of A. sisalana (HFAS) was obtained by acid hydrolysis followed by hexanic reflux. Anti-inflammatory properties were examined in three acute mouse models (xylene ear oedema, hind paw oedema and pleurisy) and a chronic mouse model (granuloma cotton pellet). The antinociceptive potential was evaluated in chemical (acetic-acid) and thermal (tail-flick and hot-plate test) models of pain. When given orally, HFAS (5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced ear oedema (p < 0.0001; 52%, 71%, 62% and 42%, respectively). HFAS also reduced hind paw oedema at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (p < 0.05; 42% and 58%, respectively) and pleurisy at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (41% and 50%, respectively). In a chronic model, HFAS reduced inflammation by 46% and 58% at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, this fraction showed analgesic properties against the abdominal writhing in an acetic acid model (at doses of 5-25 mg/kg) with inhibitory rates of 24%, 54% and 48%. The HFAS also showed an increased latency time in the hot-plate (23% and 28%) and tail-flick tests (61% and 66%) for the 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg doses, respectively. These results suggest that HFAS has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.26327

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test: Background, Applicability and Interpretation

Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) has been gaining importance as a method of functional assessment in Brazil and worldwide. In its most frequent applications, CPET consists in applying a gradually increasing intensity exercise until exhaustion or until the appearance of limiting symptoms and/or signs. The following parameters are measured: ventilation; oxygen consumption (VO2); carbon dioxide production (VCO2); and the other variables of conventional exercise testing. In addition, in specific situations, pulse oximetry and flow-volume loops during and after exertion are measured. The CPET provides joint data analysis that allows complete assessment of the cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular and metabolic systems during exertion, being considered gold standard for cardiorespiratory functional assessment.1-6 The CPET allows defining mechanisms related to low functional capacity that can cause symptoms, such as dyspnea, and correlate them with changes in the cardiovascular, pulmonary and skeletal muscle systems. Furthermore, it can be used to provide the prognostic assessment of patients with heart or lung diseases, and in the preoperative period, in addition to aiding in a more careful exercise prescription to healthy subjects, athletes and patients with heart or lung diseases. Similarly to CPET clinical use, its research also increases, with the publication of several scientific contributions from Brazilian researchers in high-impact journals. Therefore, this study aimed at providing a comprehensive review on the applicability of CPET to different clinical situations, in addition to serving as a practical guide for the interpretation of that test

Promoção de cuidados à saúde: risco cardiovascular em Nova Friburgo

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are multifactorial long-term diseases that develop along life. They share modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, diet and obesity. Since these risk factors are preventable, it is extremely important to carry out actions in order to educate the population about the pathophysiology of NCDs and its risk factors. The main goals of the Program of Health Care Promotion are to monitor cardiovascular risk factors in the diabetic and hypertensive population as well as healthy individuals from Nova Friburgo, and to provide information regarding modifiable risk factors. Thus, this article aims to report the Program's experience during its first year, with regard to its implementation, impact of the activities developed on the population and population feedback, lessons learned, challenges and future directions. In the first year of implementation, we observed that the Program had positively impacted the population, by monitoring their health status periodically and by means of health education.Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) son enfermedades multifactoriales que se desarrollan a lo largo de la vida y son de  duración prolongada. Comparten entre si factores de riesgo modificables, como el tabaquismo, el alcohol, la inactividad física, la dieta y la obesidad.  Teniendo en cuenta que estos factores se pueden prevenir, es muy importante conducir acciones dirigidas a educar a la población acerca de la fisiopatología de las enfermedades no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo. El Programa Promoción de la Salud tiene como objetivos principales controlar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en individuos diabéticos e hipertensos, así como los individuos sanos de Nova Friburgo y educar a la población acerca de los factores de riesgo modificables. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene por objeto informar de la experiencia del Programa durante su primer año de ejecución, con respecto a su aplicación, el impacto de las actividades sobre la población y su opinión, las lecciones aprendidas, desafíos y perspectivas futuras. En el primer año, se observó que el programa ha tenido un impacto positivo en la población atendida, proporcionando un seguimiento de su salud o condición a través de evaluaciones periódicas, así como la educación para la salud.As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) são doenças multifatoriais que se desenvolvem no decorrer da vida e são de longa duração. Elas compartilham entre si fatores de risco modificáveis, entre eles o tabagismo, o álcool, a inatividade física, a alimentação e a obesidade. Sabendo-se que estes fatores são passíveis de prevenção, é de extrema importância a realização de ações que visem a educação da população acerca da fisiopatologia das DCNT e seus fatores de risco. O Programa Promoção de Cuidados à Saúde tem como objetivos principais monitorar os fatores de risco cardiovascular de indivíduos diabéticos e hipertensos, assim como indivíduos saudáveis, da população de Nova Friburgo e educar a população acerca dos fatores de risco modificáveis. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência do Programa durante o seu primeiro ano de execução, ressaltando o impacto das atividades sobre a população e devolutivas, aprendizados, dificuldades e perspectivas futuras. Neste primeiro ano foi possível observar que o programa impactou positivamente a população atendida, proporcionando a estes um acompanhamento de sua saúde ou patologia, por meio de avaliações periódicas, assim como pela educação em saúde

Os mártires e a cristianização do território na América portuguesa, séculos XVI e XVII

O artigo investiga um grupo de atores sociais bastante relevante para viabilizar a cristianização na América portuguesa: os mártires cristãos, indivíduos muito especiais, dispostos a regar a terra com seu próprio sangue, de forma a tornar definitiva e irreversível a ocupação cristã do território. Os mártires - e principalmente a narrativa em torno deles - parecem ter sido bastante acionados para integrar a América portuguesa e seus habitantes nativos à temporalidade e territorialidade cristã. Os mártires dos séculos XVI e XVII, principalmente missionários, reeditavam os martírios do início da cristandade, que espalharam o cristianismo rumo a diversas partes do mundo na antiguidade. Dessa forma, viabilizaram a cristianização das novas fronteiras, consagrando o solo com seu sangue divino e viabilizando posteriores processos de urbanização. Além da função estratégica dos mártires para os cristãos, o texto mostra que eles também tiveram significado peculiar na interlocução com as culturas ameríndias, que tinha como um de seus principais personagens o grande guerreiro, disposto a perder seu sangue em prol de seu grupo.This paper looks into a group of social agents who played a significant role in the Christianization of Portuguese America, namely, the Christian martyrs - very special individuals who were ready to wet the land with their own blood in order to make possible a definitive and irreversible occupation of the territory by Christian settlers. The martyrs, and above all the stories told about them, seem to have been called upon to integrate Portuguese America and its native inhabitants into the temporalities and territory of Christendom. Mostly made up of missionaries, this group of 16th and 17th-century martyrs reedited the martyrdom of early Christians, who spread their creed across numerous parts of the Ancient World. They enabled the Christianization of new frontiers by consecrating the soil with their divine blood and paving the way for subsequent processes of urban development. In addition to their strategic significance for Christianity, the text also shows that their martyrdom played a specific role in the Christian settlers' interaction with Amerindian culture, whose main cults included the figure of the great warrior, ever ready to shed his own blood for his group