PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN REWARD TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA PEGAWAI DI DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PENATAAN RUANG KABUPATEN GARUT

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan fenomena yang terjadi pada pegawai Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini menemukan fakta bahwa terdapat masalah pada motivasi kerja dan kinerja pegawai Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Garut, masalah tersebut lebih tepatnya adalah belum optimalnya kinerja pegawai dan kurang baiknya motivasi kerja yang disebabkan oleh rendahnya kompetensi serta pemberian reward tidak maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kompetensi dan reward terhadap motivasi kerja serta dampaknya pada kinerja pegawai Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Garut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan jumlah sampel 81 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu non probability sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (path analysis), metode of succesive interval (MSI), analisis koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada struktur I terdapat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung kompetensi dan reward terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 64,1%. Secara langsung kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 35,3% dan secara tidak langsung kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 9%. Secara langsung reward berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 10,8% dan secara tidak langsung reward berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 9%. Pada struktur II terdapat pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai sebesar 63,8%. Kata Kunci: Kompetensi, Reward, Motivasi Kerja, Kinerja Pegawa

PENERAPAN METODE PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN DENGAN ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN TOTAL INVENTORY COST (TIC) PADA CV. GRAFFITY LABELINDO BANDUNG

ABSTRAK Proses produksi dalam setiap perusahaan tidak akan terlepas dari adanya persediaan bahan baku. Kesalahan dalam menentukan jumlah persediaan bahan baku akan menyebabkan penurunan keuntungan perusahaan. Selama ini CV. Graffity Labelindo belum menerapkan perhitungan persediaan dengan tepat, karena selama proses produksi berlangsung terjadi kekurangan dan kelebihan persediaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode pengendalian persediaan yang tepat bagi CV. Graffity Labelindo Bandung dalam menentukan jumlah persediaan bahan baku benang antara kebijakan perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, CV. Graffity Labelindo didalam menetukan jumlah persediaan bahan baku dilakukan atas dasar jumlah penggunaan bahan baku bulan sebelumnya. Pengendalian persediaan bahan baku dengan menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) menghasilkan jumlah pembelian persediaan yang paling ekonomis sebanyak 326 kilogram, persediaan penyelamat (safety stock) sebanyak 411,26 kilogram dan titik pemesanan ulang (reorder point) saat persediaan tersisa 496,96 kilogram. Perbandingan Total Inventory Cost (TIC) antara kebijakan perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) menghasilkan selisih sebesar Rp4.135.365. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa metode EOQ merupakan metode yang tepat karena dapat meminimalkan Total Inventory Cost (TIC) dibandingkan dengan kebijakan perusahaan. Kata Kunci : Pengendalian Persediaan, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Total Inventory Cost (TIC), Persediaan Penyelamat (Safety Stock), Titik Pemesanan Ulang (Reorder Point

Pengaruh Pendapatan Premi, Klaim Dan Hasil Investasi Terhadap Surplus Underwriting Dana Tabarru’ Pada Perusahaan Asuransi Umum Syariah di Indonesia (Tahun 2013-2016)

This research was conducted to examine wether the variable premium income, claims, and investment returns affect the underwriting surplus Tabarru funds on sharia general insurance companies in Indonesia, with the object of the research is "Sharia general insurance companies and sharia units in general insurance companies registered in Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. The analytical instrument in this research uses panel data which is a combination of time series data and cross section. The result of the research show that premium income, claims, and investment returns have an significant influence on the underwriting surplus Tabarru funds. Premium income, claims, and investment returns also have a positive influence on underwriting surplus Tabarru funds

Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia

Background: Free-living ungulates are hosts of ixodid ticks and reservoirs of tick-borne microorganisms in central Europe and many regions around the world. Tissue samples and engorged ticks were obtained from roe deer, red deer, fallow deer, mouflon, and wild boar hunted in deciduous forests of south-western Slovakia. DNA isolated from these samples was screened for the presence of tick-borne microorganisms by PCR-based methods. Results: Ticks were found to infest all examined ungulate species. The principal infesting tick was Ixodes ricinus, identified on 90.4% of wildlife, and included all developmental stages. Larvae and nymphs of Haemaphysalis concinna were feeding on 9.6% of wildlife. Two specimens of Dermacentor reticulatus were also identified. Ungulates were positive for A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was found to infect 96.1% of cervids, 88.9% of mouflon, and 28.2% of wild boar, whereas Theileria spp. was detected only in cervids (94.6%). Importantly, a high rate of cervids (89%) showed mixed infections with both these microorganisms. In addition to A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp., Rickettsia helvetica, R. monacensis, unidentified Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis", Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) and Babesia venatorum were identified in engorged I. ricinus. Furthermore, A. phagocytophilum, Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. were detected in engorged H. concinna. Analysis of 16S rRNA and groEL gene sequences revealed the presence of five and two A. phagocytophilum variants, respectively, among which sequences identified in wild boar showed identity to the sequence of the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria 18S rRNA gene sequences amplified from cervids and engorged I. ricinus ticks segregated jointly with sequences of T. capreoli isolates into a moderately supported monophyletic clade. Conclusions: The findings indicate that free-living ungulates are reservoirs for A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. and engorged ixodid ticks attached to ungulates are good sentinels for the presence of agents of public and veterinary concern. Further analyses of the A. phagocytophilum genetic variants and Theileria species and their associations with vector ticks and free-living ungulates are required.Fil: Kazimírová, Mária. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Zoology; EslovaquiaFil: Hamšíková, Zuzana. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Zoology; EslovaquiaFil: Spitalská, Eva. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Virology. Biomedical Research Center,; EslovaquiaFil: Minichová, Lenka. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Virology. Biomedical Research Center,; EslovaquiaFil: Mahríková, Lenka. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Zoology; EslovaquiaFil: Caban, Radoslav. Široká ; EslovaquiaFil: Sprong, Hein. National Institute for Public Health and Environment.Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology; Países BajosFil: Fonville, Manoj. National Institute for Public Health and Environment.Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology; Países BajosFil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kocianová, Elena. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Virology. Biomedical Research Center,; Eslovaqui

Bureaucracy stifles medical research in Britain: a tale of three trials

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent developments aiming to standardise and streamline processes of gaining the necessary approvals to carry out research in the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom (UK), have resulted in lengthy and costly delays. The national UK governmental Department of Health’s Research Governance Framework (RGF) for Health and Social Care requires that appropriate checks be conducted before research involving human participants, their organs, tissues or data can commence in the NHS. As a result, medical research has been subjected to increased regulation and governance, with the requirement for approvals from numerous regulatory and monitoring bodies. In addition, the processes and outcomes of the attribution of costs in NHS research have caused additional difficulties for researchers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate, through three trial case studies, the difficulties encountered during the set-up and recruitment phases of these trials, related to gaining the necessary ethical and governance approvals and applying for NHS costs to undertake and deliver the research.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Empirical evidence about delays and difficulties related to regulation and governance of medical research was gathered during the period 2009–2010 from three UK randomised controlled trials with sites in England, Wales and Scotland (1. SAFER 2- an emergency care based trial of a protocol for paramedics to refer patients directly to community based falls services; 2. COnStRUCT- a trial of two drugs for acute ulcerative colitis; and 3. Family Links - a trial of a public health intervention, a 10 week community based parenting programme). Findings and recommendations were reported in response to a call for evidence from The Academy of Medical Sciences regarding difficulties encountered in conducting medical research arising from R&D governance and regulation, to inform national policy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Difficulties and delays in navigating and gaining the appropriate approvals and NHS costs required to undertake the research were encountered in all three trials, at various points in the bureaucratic processes of ethical and research and information governance approvals. Conduct of each of the three trials was delayed by at least 12 months, with costs increasing by 30 – 40%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Whilst the three trials encountered a variety of challenges, there were common issues. The processes for gaining approvals were overly complex and differed between sites and UK countries; guidance about processes was unclear; and information regarding how to define and claim NHS costs for undertaking the research was inconsistent. The competitive advantage of a publicly funded, open access health system for undertaking health services research and clinical trials within the UK has been outweighed in recent years by stifling bureaucratic structures and processes for governance of research. The recommendations of the Academy of Medical Sciences are welcomed, and the effects of their implementation are awaited with interest.</p> <p>Trial Registration numbers</p> <p>SAFER 2: ISRCTN 60481756; COnStRUCT: ISRCTN22663589; Family Links: ISRCTN 13929732</p

Pharmacotherapy and the risk for community-acquired pneumonia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Some forms of pharmacotherapy are shown to increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether pharmacotherapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPI), inhaled corticosteroids, and atypical antipsychotics was associated with the increased risk for CAP in hospitalized older adults with the adjustment of known risk factors (such as smoking status and serum albumin levels).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective case-control study of adults aged 65 years or older at a rural community hospital during 2004 and 2006 was conducted. Cases (N = 194) were those with radiographic evidence of pneumonia on admission. The controls were patients without the discharge diagnosis of pneumonia or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (N = 952). Patients with gastric tube feeding, ventilator support, requiring hemodialysis, metastatic diseases or active lung cancers were excluded.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the current use of inhaled corticosteroids (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.56-5.35) and atypical antipsychotics (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.23-4.15) was an independent risk factor for CAP after adjusting for confounders, including age, serum albumin levels, sex, smoking status, a history of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and COPD, the current use of PPI, β2 agonist and anticholinergic bronchodilators, antibiotic(s), iron supplement, narcotics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The crude OR and the AOR of PPI use for CAP was 1.41 [95% CI = 1.03 - 1.93] and 1.18 [95% CI = 0.80 - 1.74] after adjusting for the above confounders, respectively. Lower serum albumin levels independently increased the risk of CAP 1.89- fold by decreasing a gram per deciliter (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI = 2.01 - 4.16).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study reaffirmed that the use of inhaled corticosteroids and atypical antipsychotics was both associated with an increased risk for CAP in hospitalized older adults of a rural community. No association was found between current PPI use and the risk for CAP in this patient population of our study.</p

The Persisting Burden of Intracerebral Haemorrhage: Can Effective Treatments Be Found?

Colin Josephson, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, and colleagues discuss the effectiveness of treatments for intracerebral haemorrhage

Host mobility key management in dynamic secure group communication

The key management has a fundamental role in securing group communications taking place over vast and unprotected networks. It is concerned with the distribution and update of the keying materials whenever any changes occur in the group membership. Wireless mobile environments enable members to move freely within the networks, which causes more difficulty to design efficient and scalable key management protocols. This is partly because both member location dynamic and group membership dynamic must be managed concurrently, which may lead to significant rekeying overhead. This paper presents a hierarchical group key management scheme taking the mobility of members into consideration intended for wireless mobile environments. The proposed scheme supports the mobility of members across wireless mobile environments while remaining in the group session with minimum rekeying transmission overhead. Furthermore, the proposed scheme alleviates 1-affect-n phenomenon, single point of failure, and signaling load caused by moving members at the core network. Simulation results shows that the scheme surpasses other existing efforts in terms of communication overhead and affected members. The security requirements studies also show the backward and forward secrecy is preserved in the proposed scheme even though the members move between areas

Interaction of Virstatin with Human Serum Albumin: Spectroscopic Analysis and Molecular Modeling

Virstatin is a small molecule that inhibits Vibrio cholerae virulence regulation, the causative agent for cholera. Here we report the interaction of virstatin with human serum albumin (HSA) using various biophysical methods. The drug binding was monitored using different isomeric forms of HSA (N form ∼pH 7.2, B form ∼pH 9.0 and F form ∼pH 3.5) by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. There is a considerable quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA on binding the drug. The distance (r) between donor (Trp214 in HSA) and acceptor (virstatin), obtained from Forster-type fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), was found to be 3.05 nm. The ITC data revealed that the binding was an enthalpy-driven process and the binding constants Ka for N and B isomers were found to be 6.09×105 M−1 and 4.47×105 M−1, respectively. The conformational changes of HSA due to the interaction with the drug were investigated from circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. For 1∶1 molar ratio of the protein and the drug the far-UV CD spectra showed an increase in α- helicity for all the conformers of HSA, and the protein is stabilized against urea and thermal unfolding. Molecular docking studies revealed possible residues involved in the protein-drug interaction and indicated that virstatin binds to Site I (subdomain IIA), also known as the warfarin binding site