An Empirical Study of Value Creation Criteria: Case of Iran

Today’s investors, creditors, and managers are look for an on-time and reliable index, with the goal of evaluating value creation amount. The aim of this study is inducing of voluble measures to users and increasing their understanding yielded these measures by comprise informative contexts accounting and economic measures for this purpose, present study by testing hypotheses and selecting 92 companies listed in Tehran’s Stock Exchange, from 2004 to 2008 is performed. The results of the study reveal that there is meaningful relation between accounting measures, just ROI and EPS with value creation.value creation, performance analysis, economic measures, and accounting measures

Effects of gallic acid and physical exercise on passive avoidance memory in male rat

Learning and memory play main roles in daily life of human, and memory represents the basis of all trainings and learning. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of gallic acid and physical exercise on the levels of passive avoidance memory in rat. In this experimental study, 46 rats weighing 200-300 g were randomLy divided to six groups of eight each: including control group, groups treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg gallic acid, group undergoing physical exercise alone, and groups both undergoing physical exercise and treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg gallic acid. The interventions continued for 10 days. After the intervention, passive avoidance memory was measured by shuttle box, blood samples were taken, and serum and brain antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Secondary latency in shuttle box significantly increased in groups undergoing treadmill exercise and undergoing treadmill exercise + treating 10 and 20 mg/kg gallic acid. In groups treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg gallic acid alone, secondary latency increased significantly. Results confirmed the effects of gallic acid and physical exercise, either alone or combined, in improving memory

Investigating the effect of nurses’ supportive and educative careon the quality of life in breast cancer patients referred for radiotherapy in Seyedoshohada hospitals in Isfahan in 1392

Background and aims: breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Iran and many countries; but in recent years, survival rate was longer in patients and yet there is a greater emphasis on their quality of life. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nurses’ supportive and educative care on the quality of life in breast cancer patients. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental, pre- and post- study. 45 patients with breast cancer referred to radiotherapy clinic of Seyedoshohada hospital were studied in 2013. The instruments used in this study were demographic and quality of life questionnaires from Backman institute completed before and after the training and support for patients. Questionnaires were completed and finally the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests. Results: Based on the results obtained on the overall quality of life, it was observed that the average score for the quality of life in the sample was 51.73±13.91 before the intervention and 60.46±13.80 after the intervention (P<0.001). Also, the average scores in all four domains of quality of life after the intervention has increased, but the difference was significant only in two dimensions, physical and mental health (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results confirm the positive effect of nurses’ supportive and educative programs on the promotion of quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, planning and implementation of such programs on a broader basis and based on the educational and supportive patients' needs is recommended

Analysis of polymorphic marker rs9384 located in the GCDH gene region associated with glutaricaciduria type 1.

زمینه و هدف: گلوتاریک اسید یوریای نوع 1 نوعی اختلال متابولیکی عصبی می باشد که در اثر جهش در ژن رمز کننده آنزیم گلوتاریل کوآدهیدروژناز (GCDH) ایجاد می شود. اصولاً تعیین توالی به منظور شناسایی جهش &zwnj;های نقطه ای و دیگر تنوعات توالی موجود در این ژن استفاده می&zwnj;شود که بسیار وقت &zwnj;گیر و پر هزینه می &zwnj;باشد. روش دیگر بررسی پیوستگی با استفاده از مارکرهای چند شکلی مانند چند شکلی های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNP) است که برای تعیین افراد ناقل و همچنین تشخیص پیش از تولد در خانواده&zwnj;های دارای فرد مبتلا به کار می &zwnj;رود. در پایگاه&zwnj; های داده تعداد زیادی از مارکرهای SNP برای ناحیه ژنی GCDH معرفی شده است. در مطالعه حاضر خصوصیات و همچنین اطلاع دهندگی مارکر rs9384 واقع در ناحیه ژنی GCDH مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: مارکر rs9384 در 100 فرد سالم غیر خویشاوند با روش ARMS PCR با بهره گیری از پرایمرهای جدید طراحی شده تعیین ژنوتیپ شد. در این مطالعه تخمین فراوانی آللی و درجه هتروزیگوسیتی با استفاده از پایگاه GenePop انجام شد؛ همچنین از نرم &zwnj;افزار Power Marker برای تخمین وجود تعادل هاردی واینبرگ و میزان محتوی اطلاع دهندگی چند شکلی (PIC) استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه بیانگر فراوانی آللی مینور (MAF) 0/34، درجه هتروزیگوسیتی 0/53 و مقدار 0/35=PIC برای مارکر rs9384 در جمعیت مورد مطالعه بود. به علاوه بررسی تعادل هاردی واینبرگ نشان داد که جمعیت برای این مارکر در تعادل می&zwnj; باشد. نتیجه گیری: در مجموع با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از مطالعه حاضر می&zwnj; توان مارکر rs9384 را به عنوان یک مارکر تک نوکلئوتیدی مناسب جهت تشخیص مولکولی گلوتاریک اسید یوریای نوع 1 در جمعیت اصفهان به عنوان نمونه&zwnj; ای از جمعیت ایرانی معرفی کرد

Geo-economics and Considerations on the Tourism Industry with Emphasis on Historical Cities Tourism and Ecotourism in Iran

Considering its many potentials in the tourism industry, Iran has constantly been among the leading countries seeking development in this industry. Iran is a country with many attractions in different tourism sections including cultural, urban, and monument tourism, and ancient places as well as ecotourism, and water tourism etc. for tourists. However, Iran has never economically prospered regarding its potentials in this industry as compared to its rivals. Thus, the main objective of this work is to list the main necessities of harnessing economic power and required instruments to fulfill this goal. In addition, the tourism industry is discussed as an important strategy for reaching this power, and the Iranian wildlife is introduced as an intact environment. It is also discussed that what economic benefits are obtained through using this tourism industry. It must be noted that the main emphasis of this work is on urban, monument tourism, ancient places, and ecotourism as a case study in two Iranian provinces. Finally, the required analyses are performed considering the affinity between these two sections and two provinces. Results indicated that while Iran having the highest percent of growth compared to the two other countries active in this area, however this advantage has not significantly affected the GDP in Iran, and Iran has not been able to improve its geo-economic capacity in this area

Design, synthesis and docking studies of novel anti-HIV agents

Introduction: AIDS therapeutic targets principally consists of three enzymes: reverse transcriptase (RT), protease (PR) and integrase (IN). Integrase strand transfer inhibitors among the HIV inhibitors has the advantage of suitable safety profile and high potency. The chelating motif and coplanar hydrophobic aryl group are the common pharmacophores of an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI). According to the cyclic chelating group of dolutegravir, we incorporated the chelating group into a cyclic motif and novel 2-mercaptooxazoloxocumarin tricyclic scaffold was designed. Hydrophobic part of the ligand was attached through s-arylation to occupy the same position as the halobenzyl pharmacophoric group of INSTIs. Methods and Results: 4-Hydroxy-3-nitro coumarin was prepared in a nitration procedure of 4-hydroxy coumarin with the aid of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Reduction of the 4-hydroxy-3-nitro coumarin in the presence of sodium dithionite and sodium acetate in water gave the 3-amino-4-hydroxy coumarin. 2-Mercaptooxazolocoumarin was prepared by the reaction of carbon disulfide with 3-amino-4-hydroxy coumarin in methanolic potassium hydroxide. Then, this intermediate was treated with substituted benzyl halides in the presence of potassium carbonate and acetone. Final derivatives were recrystallized from ethanol and confirmed by IR, LC-MS (ESI), 1HNMR &amp; 13CNMR. According to the docking results, the tricyclic scaffold could п-stack the 3’-end reactive adenosine in the IN active site just same as the co-crystallized ligand dolutegravir and the ligand heteroatoms complexes the magnesium cofactors in the IN. Conclusions: Here, we introduced a novel scaffold for anti-HIV activity. The superimposed structure with co-crystallized ligand dolutegravir confirmed the potential for integrase inhibitory activity just same as the second generation integrase inhibitor dolutegravir

The Relationship between Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning with the Effectiveness of Ordinary and Smart Secondary School Principals

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning with the effectiveness of ordinary and smart high school principals in Zahedan Pre-province. The statistical community of this research is 1350 male and female teachers teaching in ordinary and smart students of high schools in that 300 ones were selected by stratified random sampling based on Morgan Table and the rate of the principals’ knowledge management was measured using Phong’s Modified Questionnaire (2009). Neefe’s Modified Questionnaire is also used for organizational learning and the effectiveness of principals has been measured using Pokharel’s Revised Questionnaire (2005). The reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were achieved 0.92 in knowledge management, 0.93 in organizational learning and 0.88 in its effectiveness using Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, their validity was confirmed by the instructors. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical indicators such as mean, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test as well as regression in SPSS software and the final model was confirmed using structural equations in LISREL software. The results obtained in this study showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning in ordinary and smart schools. In other words, organizational learning increases by the increase of knowledge management in that this increase in smart schools is more that of ordinary ones. The general relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning with the effectiveness of ordinary and smart schools principals was approved. The outcomes obtained regarding gender variable indicate a higher average of male principals in comparison to female principals

Evaluating the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasonic waves on experimental tibial fracture healing in

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: ترمیم شکستگی یک روند بیولوژیک پیچیده است که فاکتورهای داخلی و خارجی متعددی روی آن تاثیر می گذارند. یکی از فاکتورهای خارجی، تحریکات مکانیکی امواج اولتراسوند است. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، ارزیابی اثرات اولتراسوند متناوب با شدت پایین روی شکستگی تجربی تیبیای خرگوش نیوزیلندی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 36 سر خرگوش نر بالغ نیوزیلندی را در چهار گروه قرار داده و حیوانات تحت عمل جراحی شکستگی تیبیای راست قرار گرفتند. بعد از بهبود زخم ها، محل شکستگی گروه های آزمایش بترتیب به مدت 2 و 4 هفته تحت تاثیر امواج اولتراسوند قرار داده شدند و گروه های کنترل بدون هیچگونه مداخله ای نگه داری شدند. سپس حیوانات را کشته و تیبیای آنها خارج گردید. بعد از فیکس شدن و پاساژ بافتـــی نمونه ها، از بلوک های پارافین لام تهیه گردیده و با هماتوکسیلین و آئوزین رنگ آمیزی شدند. سپس لام ها برای شاخص های ترمیم استخوان مورد آنالیز استریولوژیک قرار گرفتند و داده ها به کمک آزمون های آماری من ویتنی و کروسکال والیس مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج بدست آمده از این مطالعه نشان داد میانگین تغییرات حجمی رشد کالوس غضروفی در خرگوش هایی که تحت تاثیر امواج اولتراسوند قرار داشتند در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معنی داری افزایش یافته بود (05/0>P). اما در سایر شاخص ها (بافت گرانوله و بافت مزانشیمی، بافت استخوانی) اختلاف معنی دار آماری بین گروه های آزمایش و کنترل آنها مشاهده نگردید. نتیجه گیری: امواج اولتراسوند متناوب با فرکانس یک مگا هرتز ممکن است ترمیم شکستگی در تیبیای خرگوش را تسریع نماید

An evaluating study on ESP medical textbook: instructors and learners needs analysis

Textbook evaluation is determining the productivity and value of textbooks with respect to stated objectives, standards, or criteria. This study was an attempt to evaluate the ESP medical textbook, which is taught at some universities in Iran. To gather the necessary data, two researcher-made questionnaires and one interview protocol were used. Iranian Medical instructors and learners answered to a 28-item questionnaire to express their attitudes towards the content, exercises, and topics of their ESP course book. In addition, some members of both groups participated in an interview to gain in depth information about the study. They were both male and female. The findings revealed that the content and the topics of the ESP medical textbook are based on the learners and instructors’ needs. The results of this study have a number of implications for medical instructors, learners, and syllabus designers