6 research outputs found

    Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

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    [Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

    Estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje para una gestión de un aprendizaje estratégico y significactivo en alumnos de primer año de Pedagogía en Historia y Geografía de la Universidad de Playa Ancha, Campus San Felipe

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    Tesis (Magíster en Docencia para la Educación Superior)El presente estudio se enmarca en el área de la docencia en la educación superior, cuyo tema central gira en torno a los estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje. La investigación tiene por objetivo general proponer estrategias de aprendizaje a partir de los estilos evidenciados en los estudiantes de la carrera de Pedagogía en Historia y Geografía de la Universidad de Playa Ancha, Campus San Felipe que cursan, en el segundo semestre del año 2012, la asignatura de Historia de Roma. El estudio se adscribe a un paradigma mixto (cuantitativo-cualitativo) y se ajusta a un tipo de investigación exploratoria y descriptiva. La metodología empleada, congruente con el paradigma, fue de carácter mixta estableciéndose, en una primera fase, un diagnóstico a partir de la aplicación del test C.H.A.E.A (Cuestionario Honey y Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje), en los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera antes señalada, con la finalidad de conocer los estilos de aprendizaje predominantes en el grupo de estudio. Los cuatro estilos identificados en esta investigación se asocian a formas relacionadas con el procesamiento de la información, conforme a la tipología establecida por Honey y Mumford (1992). En una segunda fase, mediante un proceso de recopilación bibliográfica, se procedió a construir un marco referencial que sustentara el enfoque teórico del estudio y a partir del diagnóstico, la construcción de un marco analítico de estrategias de aprendizaje, a sugerir a los estudiantes para potenciar el tránsito a estilos de aprendizaje teórico-reflexivos, conforme a las características propuestas en el programa de la asignatura de Historia de Roma que cursan en ese momento. Finalmente, luego de aplicar una de las estrategias analizadas, el método de los seis sombreros, se procede a analizar la percepción de los estudiantes que fueron parte de la investigación, respecto de la pertinencia de la estrategia aplicada; las reflexiones se obtuvieron a partir del análisis del discurso construido a través de la aplicación de la técnica de grupo de discusión, lo que significó desarrollar una metodología de carácter cualitativo. El diagnóstico arrojó una predominancia de estilo reflexivo-pragmático en los estudiantes. Dado que la disciplina que imparte la carrera es de naturaleza teórica-reflexiva, se sugiere la aplicación del método de los seis sombreros propuesto por Edward De Bono (1985), para propiciar el desarrollo de estilos reflexivo-teóricos, de manera consciente e intencionada que permita potenciar la metacognición en el estudiante. El aprendizaje estratégico- reflexivo permite el desarrollo de procesos metacognitivos haciendo del aprendizaje un proceso significativo y profundo

    Evaluación de conocimientos y habilidades en el areá de Geografía en estudiantes de 8vo. Básico y 4to. Medio

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    The objective of the research was to evaluate the development of the discipline of geography with respect to fundamental knowledge and skills to be attained in 8th grade students. Basic and 4th. Middle. The curricular study confirms the undervaluation of the discipline in comparison to the area of history which, according to the reviewed literature, allows to deduce that the thematic-programmatic proposals are outdated and the learning designs decontextualized. We evaluated students from municipal and subsidized educational institutions in Valparaíso, Viña del Mar and San Felipe (n = 428), after elaborating, validating and applying an instrument focused on the cognitive area of knowledge and understanding of contents, simulated situations analysis and application Of contextualized fundamental knowledge, in addition to expressing the degree of security in the response, denoted only acceptable levels of knowledge (Total success = 32%) and low security indexes in the responses. The answers focus on contextualized questions spatially or temporally.La investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar el desarrollo de la disciplina de geografía respecto de conocimientos y habilidades fundamentales a alcanzar en estudiantes de 8vo. Básico y 4to. Medio. El estudio curricular constata la subvaloración de la disciplina en comparación con el área de historia lo cual, según la literatura revisada, permite deducir que las propuestas temático-programáticas están desactualizadas y los diseños de aprendizaje descontextualizados. Se evaluó estudiantes de establecimientos educacionales municipales y subvencionados de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar y San Felipe (n= 428), tras elaborar, validar y aplicar un instrumento focalizado en el área cognitiva del conocimiento y comprensión de contenidos, análisis de situaciones simuladas y aplicación de conocimientos fundamentales contextualizados, además de expresar el grado de seguridad en la respuesta, denota niveles de conocimiento sólo aceptables (Acierto total=32%) y bajos índices de seguridad en las respuestas. Los aciertos se focalizan en preguntas contextualizadas espacial o temporalmente

    Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis.

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    The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327  There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in th

    Prosthetic Valve Candida spp. Endocarditis: New Insights Into Long-term Prognosis—The ESCAPE Study

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    International audienceBackground: Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Candida spp. (PVE-C) is rare and devastating, with international guidelines based on expert recommendations supporting the combination of surgery and subsequent azole treatment.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed PVE-C cases collected in Spain and France between 2001 and 2015, with a focus on management and outcome.Results: Forty-six cases were followed up for a median of 9 months. Twenty-two patients (48%) had a history of endocarditis, 30 cases (65%) were nosocomial or healthcare related, and 9 (20%) patients were intravenous drug users. "Induction" therapy consisted mainly of liposomal amphotericin B (L-amB)-based (n = 21) or echinocandin-based therapy (n = 13). Overall, 19 patients (41%) were operated on. Patients <66 years old and without cardiac failure were more likely to undergo cardiac surgery (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 6.80 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-29.13] and 10.92 [1.15-104.06], respectively). Surgery was not associated with better survival rates at 6 months. Patients who received L-amB alone had a better 6-month survival rate than those who received an echinocandin alone (aOR, 13.52; 95% CI, 1.03-838.10). "Maintenance" fluconazole therapy, prescribed in 21 patients for a median duration of 13 months (range, 2-84 months), led to minor adverse effects.Conclusion: L-amB induction treatment improves survival in patients with PVE-C. Medical treatment followed by long-term maintenance fluconazole may be the best treatment option for frail patients

    Infective Endocarditis in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve or Mitral Valve Prolapse

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