Avances científicos del búho manchado mexicano (Strix occidentalis lucida Nelson 1903)

Objective: Evaluate quantitatively the research trends of the Mexican Spotted Owl. Design/methodology/approach: Scientific articles published between 2012 and February 2020 for the Mexican spotted owl were analyzed. The content of each article was classified into nine categorical variables: 1) biological description, 2) habitat, 3) distribution and abundance, 4) dispersion and movement, 5) diet and prey, 6) genetics and reproduction, 7) threats, 8) predictive models and 9) others. The published information was classified into similar groups by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, were calculated and graphed the frequency and proportional representation of each attribute generated by country. Results: Of the 23 scientific articles analyzed, the most studied attribute was habitat. The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped all the published information into five representative topics: a) habitat relationships, b) threats, c) distribution, d) bibliographic review and e) population relationship. The United States was the country with the highest scientific contribution. However, in the last three years of the period studied, publications in Mexico increased. Limitations on study/implications: This study analyzes the research trends of the Mexican spotted owl and provides an overview for future research. Findings/conclusions: There is little published information for this spotted owl subspecies. Although the characteristics of the habitat are widely described; it is necessary to venture into more complex ecological phenomena.Objetivo: Evaluar cuantitativamente las tendencias de la investigación del Búho Manchado Mexicano. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se analizaron los artículos científicos publicados entre 2012 y febrero de 2020 para el búho manchado mexicano. El contenido de cada artículo se clasificó en nueve variables categóricas: 1) descripción biológica, 2) hábitat, 3) distribución y abundancia, 4) dispersión y movimiento, 5) dieta y presas, 6) genética y reproducción, 7) amenazas, 8) modelos predictivos y 9) otros. La información publicada, se clasificó en grupos similares mediante un análisis de conglomerado jerárquico. Posteriormente, se calcularon y graficaron la frecuencia y representación proporcional de cada atributo generado por país. Resultados: De los 23 artículos científicos analizados, el atributo más estudiado fue el hábitat. El análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos agrupó toda la información publicada en cinco temas representativos:  a) relaciones del hábitat, b) amenazas, c) distribución, d) revisión bibliográfica y e) relación de las poblaciones. Estados Unidos fue el país con mayor contribución científica. Sin embargo, en los últimos tres años del periodo estudiado, las publicaciones en México incrementaron. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Este estudio analiza las tendencias de investigación del búho manchado mexicano y permite establecer un panorama para investigaciones futuras. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Existe poca información publicada para esa subespecie de búho manchado. Aunque las características del hábitat son ampliamente descritas; es necesario incursionar en fenómenos ecológicos más complejos

Ocular Involvement in Friedreich Ataxia Patients and its Relationship with Neurological Disability, a Follow-up Study

Background: This study compared functional and structural visual changes in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patients with healthy controls (HC) and correlated these changes with neurological disability. Methods: Eight FRDA Spanish patients and eight HC were selected from 2014 to 2018. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field (VF), optic coherence tomography (OCT), and neurological disability measured by “scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia” (SARA) were taken in a basal exploration and repeated after 6 months. A linear mixed analysis and Bonferroni p-value correction were performed. Results: FRDA baseline and follow-up patients showed statistically significant decreases in BCVA, VF, and OCT parameters compared with the HC. Some of the VF measurements and most of the OCT parameters had an inverse mild-to-strong correlation with SARA. Moreover, the analysis of the ROC curve demonstrated that the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) average thickness was the best parameter to discriminate between FRDA patients and HC. Conclusions: The follow-up study showed a progression in OCT parameters. Findings showed a sequential effect in pRNFL, ganglion cell complex (GCC), and macula. The VF and the OCT could be useful biomarkers in FRDA, both for their correlation with neurological disease as well as for their ability to evaluate disease progression

Physical activity in the heat: thermoregulation and hydration: Supporting document to the Consensus Statement, Mexico City, February 1999

This document is not intended to be a thorough scientific review, but rather a useful source of information. While it is based on a sound, updated review of the scientific literature, the major intention is to provide clear statements and practical recommendations that are relevant to the Latin American population. The inquisitive reader is directed to recent excellent reviews on this topic. The document was prepared back in 1999 and has not been updated. It is included here as a record in English of the published paper in Spanish.Gatorade Sports Science InstituteUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Educación Físic

Multimorbidity Patterns and Their Association with Social Determinants, Mental and Physical Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The challenge posed by multimorbidity makes it necessary to look at new forms of prevention, a fact that has become heightened in the context of the pandemic. We designed a questionnaire to detect multimorbidity patterns in people over 50 and to associate these patterns with mental and physical health, COVID-19, and possible social inequalities. Methods: This was an observational study conducted through a telephone interview. The sample size was 1592 individuals with multimorbidity. We use Latent Class Analysis to detect patterns and SF-12 scale to measure mental and physical quality-of-life health. We introduced the two dimensions of health and other social determinants in a multinomial regression model. Results: We obtained a model with five patterns (entropy = 0.727): ‘Relative Healthy’, ‘Cardiometabolic’, ‘Musculoskeletal’, ‘Musculoskeletal and Mental’, and ‘Complex Multimorbidity’. We found some differences in mental and physical health among patterns and COVID-19 diagnoses, and some social determinants were significant in the multinomial regression. Conclusions: We identified that prevention requires the location of certain inequalities associated with the multimorbidity patterns and how physical and mental health have been affected not only by the patterns but also by COVID-19. These findings may be critical in future interventions by health services and governments17 página

Vídeos cortos realizados por los alumnos como recurso docente. Diferentes enfoques

[ES] Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo y análisis de los resultados de un proyecto de innovación docente basado en la creación por parte de los alumnos de vídeos cortos, de 3 o 4 minutos de duración, donde deben exponer algún concepto o tema propuesto por el profesor. En esta actividad los alumnos trabajan las competencias digitales, búsqueda y síntesis de la información, comunicación, trabajo en grupo y por mediante el uso de la coevaluación la capacidad de crítica. La experiencia se ha desarrollado de forma conjunta con asignaturas y docentes de diversas universidades, titulaciones y cursos. A partir de unas pautas comunes, en cada asignatura se ha adaptado la experiencia al contexto específico de cada una, lo que permite diferentes enfoques.Este proyecto ha sido parcialmente financiado por la convocatoria de innovación docente de la Universidad de Zaragoza para los cursos 2015/16 y 2016/17 (Proyectos PIIDUZ_15_411 y PIIDUZ_16_070), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (Proyecto TIN2015-70648-P y TIN2015-64770-R), Fondo Social Europeo y Gobierno de Aragón (grupo de investigación reconocido T98).Azuara Guillén, G.; Fernández Iglesias, D.; López Torres, AM.; Salinas Baldellou, AM.; Aguilar Martín, MC.; Salazar Riaño, JL.; Fernández-Navajas, J.... (2018). Vídeos cortos realizados por los alumnos como recurso docente. Diferentes enfoques. En XIII Jornadas de Ingeniería telemática (JITEL 2017). Libro de actas. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 348-355. https://doi.org/10.4995/JITEL2017.2017.6566OCS34835

Neuro-Ophthalmological Findings in Friedreich’s Ataxia

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by a severe autosomal recessive genetic disorder of the central nervous (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), affecting children and young adults. Its onset is before 25 years of age, with mean ages of onset and death between 11 and 38 years, respectively. The incidence is 1 in 30,000–50,000 persons. It is caused, in 97% of cases, by a homozygous guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) trinucleotide mutation in the first intron of the frataxin (FXN) gene on chromosome 9 (9q13–q1.1). The mutation of this gene causes a deficiency of frataxin, which induces an altered inflow of iron into the mitochondria, increasing the nervous system’s vulnerability to oxidative stress. The main clinical signs include spinocerebellar ataxia with sensory loss and disappearance of deep tendon reflexes, cerebellar dysarthria, cardiomyopathy, and scoliosis. Diabetes, hearing loss, and pes cavus may also occur, and although most patients with FRDA do not present with symptomatic visual impairment, 73% present with clinical neuro-ophthalmological alterations such as optic atrophy and altered eye movement, among others. This review provides a brief overview of the main aspects of FRDA and then focuses on the ocular involvement of this pathology and the possible use of retinal biomarkers

Changes in Retinal OCT and Their Correlations with Neurological Disability in Early ALS Patients, a Follow-Up Study

Background: To compare early visual changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with healthy controls in a baseline exploration, to follow-up the patients after 6 months, and to correlate these visual changes with neurological disability. Methods: All patients underwent a comprehensive neurological and ophthalmological examination. A linear mixed analysis and Bonferroni p-value correction were performed, testing four comparisons as follows: Control baseline vs. control follow-up, control baseline vs. ALS baseline, control follow-up vs. ALS follow-up, and ALS baseline vs. ALS follow-up. Results: The mean time from the diagnosis was 10.80 ± 5.5 months. The analysis of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed: (1) In ALS baseline vs. control baseline, a macular significantly increased thickness of the inner macular ring temporal and inferior areas; (2) in ALS follow-up vs. ALS baseline, a significant macular thinning in the inner and outer macular ring inferior areas; (3) in ALS follow-up vs. ALS baseline, a significant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thinning in the superior and inferior quadrants; and (4) ALS patients showed a moderate correlation between some OCT pRNFL parameters and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score. Conclusion: The OCT showed retinal changes in patients with motoneuron disease and could serve as a complementary tool for studying ALS

Inappropriate antibiotic use in the COVID-19 era: Factors associated with inappropriate prescribing and secondary complications. Analysis of the registry SEMI-COVID

Background: Most patients with COVID-19 receive antibiotics despite the fact that bacterial co-infections are rare. This can lead to increased complications, including antibacterial resistance. We aim to analyze risk factors for inappropriate antibiotic prescription in these patients and describe possible complications arising from their use. Methods: The SEMI-COVID-19 Registry is a multicenter, retrospective patient cohort. Patients with antibiotic were divided into two groups according to appropriate or inappropriate prescription, depending on whether the patient fulfill any criteria for its use. Comparison was made by means of multilevel logistic regression analysis. Possible complications of antibiotic use were also identified. Results: Out of 13,932 patients, 3047 (21.6%) were prescribed no antibiotics, 6116 (43.9%) were appropriately prescribed antibiotics, and 4769 (34.2%) were inappropriately prescribed antibiotics. The following were independent factors of inappropriate prescription: February-March 2020 admission (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.18-2.00), age (OR 0.98, 95%CI 0.97-0.99), absence of comorbidity (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.05-1.94), dry cough (OR 2.51, 95%CI 1.94-3.26), fever (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.13-1.56), dyspnea (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.04-1.69), flu-like symptoms (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.75-4.17), and elevated C-reactive protein levels (OR 1.01 for each mg/L increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.01). Adverse drug reactions were more frequent in patients who received ANTIBIOTIC (4.9% vs 2.7%, p < .001). Conclusion: The inappropriate use of antibiotics was very frequent in COVID-19 patients and entailed an increased risk of adverse reactions. It is crucial to define criteria for their use in these patients. Knowledge of the factors associated with inappropriate prescribing can be helpful