Mis casos clínicos de especialidades odontológicas

Libro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasLibro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Diseño de un proceso productivo a partir del grano de caucho reciclado producto de la trituración mecánica de llantas usadas

El presente proyecto trata sobre establecer el diseño de un proceso industrial para el aprovechamiento de llantas usadas en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali.En el sector automotriz uno de los residuos que genera mayor impacto al medio ambiente son las llantas, no solo de los vehículos, sino, de bicicletas, carretillas, aviones, motocicletas, vehículos de maquinaria pesada, grúas, entre otros; luego de su uso, gran parte de las llantas son almacenadas en depósitos clandestinos, techos o patios de vivienda y en espacios públicos (lagos, ríos, calles y parques) con graves consecuencias en términos ambientales, económicos y sanitarios, lo que conlleva a la ineficiente gestión de este residuo[1]. Esta situación representa una gran oportunidad para que estos materiales sean reincorporados a procesos productivos, alargando su vida útil y disminuyendo los impactos negativos generados por las llantas usadas. Durante el diagnóstico de la situación actual del manejo de residuos de llantas en Cali, según informes del Ministerio de Ambiente Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, hay una alta generación de residuos de llantas y tan solo un pequeño porcentaje de estas son destinadas a una planta de aprovechamiento [2], aun sabiendo que este material por los elementos que está compuesto, es de gran potencial para el reciclaje y la reutilización. Se proponen algunas soluciones como: la utilización de nuevas técnicas de gestión de residuos, en este caso, la minimización mediante el diseño de nuevos procesos productivos, de forma que los residuos generados sean los menos posibles e incrementando de esta forma la eficacia del proceso, mejorando la calidad de vida de la población y reduciendo el impacto ambiental.The present project seeks to establish the design of an industrial process to take advantage of used tires in Santiago de Cali city. In the automotive industry, the main solid waste are tires, not only from cars, but from bicycles, bikes, airplanes, heavy machinery among others and these generates a negative impact in the environment. After use, tires are stored in clandestine places or disposed in public areas such as rivers, streets, parks with serious consequences in terms of environment, economy and public health. This leads to an inefficient waste disposal management [1]. This situation, represents an opportunity to reutilize these materials or to incorporate them in productive processes to increase their lifetime, and to reduce their environmental impact. The diagnosis of tire´s waste management reveals a high regeneration of tire residue with a small portion utilized in improvement processes, even knowing that their composition has a good potential for recycling and reutilization according to the ministry of environment and territory development [2]. Therefore, some solutions to this problem are propose such as: the generation and application of new techniques to diminish the amount of solid residue generated, at the same time increasing the efficiency of these methods to improve the quality of life of the population and reducing the environmental impact

TRB3 links ER stress to autophagy in cannabinoid anti-tumoral action

2 páginas, 1 figura -- PAGS nros. 1048-1049Peer reviewe

Evaluation of rat liver with ARFI elastography: In vivo and ex vivo study.

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to compare in vivo vs ex vivo liver stiffness in rats with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography using the histological findings as the gold standard. METHODS:Eighteen male Wistar rats aged 16-18 months were divided into a control group (n = 6) and obese group (n = 12). Liver stiffness was measured with shear wave velocity (SWV) using the ARFI technique both in vivo and ex vivo. The degree of fibrosis, steatosis and liver inflammation was evaluated in the histological findings. Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to relate the SWV values to the histological parameters. RESULTS:The SWV values acquired in the ex vivo study were significantly lower than those obtained in vivo (P < 0.004). A significantly higher correlation value between the degree of liver fibrosis and the ARFI elastography assessment was observed in the ex vivo study (r = 0.706, P < 0.002), than the in vivo study (r = 0.623, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Assessment of liver stiffness using ARFI elastography yielded a significant correlation between SWV and liver fibrosis in both the in vivo and ex vivo experiments. We consider that by minimising the influence of possible sources of artefact we could improve the accuracy of the measurements acquired with ARFI

Optimization of a preclinical therapy of cannabinoids in combination with temozolomide against glioma

Acknowledgements This work has been funded by the PI15/00339 grant, integrated into the State Plan for R & D + I2013-2016 (Spain) and funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by grants from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)/ISCIII and ERDF (PS09/01401; PI12/02248, to GV), GW Pharma Ltd (UK), Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) (S2011/BMD-2308 to MG), Fundación Mutua Madrileña (AP101042012 to GV) (Spain), Fundació La Marató de TV3 (201334031 to GV)(Spain), Israel López-Valero was supported by a predoctoral P-FIS contract from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Cannabinoid-related work in G Velasco’s laboratory is also funded by a grant from Voices Against Brain Cancer (USA) and donations by The Medical Cannabis Bike Tour Foundation (The Netherlands) and Jeff Ditchfield.Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive form of brain cancer. These features are explained at least in part by the high resistance exhibited by these tumors to current anticancer therapies. Thus, the development of novel therapeutic approaches is urgently needed to improve the survival of the patients suffering this devastating disease. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the major active ingredient of marijuana), and other cannabinoids have been shown to exert antitumoral actions in animal models of cancer, including glioma. The mechanism of these anticancer actions relies, at least in part, on the ability of these compounds to stimulate autophagy-mediated apoptosis in tumor cells. Previous observations from our group demonstrated that local administration of THC (or of THC + CBD at a 1:1 ratio, a mixture that resembles the composition of the cannabinoid-based medicine Sativex®) in combination with Temozolomide, the benchmark agent for the treatment of GBM, synergistically reduces the growth of glioma xenografts. With the aim of optimizing the possible clinical utilization of cannabinoids in anti-GBM therapies, in this work we explored the anticancer efficacy of the systemic administration of cannabinoids in combination with TMZ in preclinical models of glioma. Our results show that oral administration of Sativex-like extracts (containing THC and CBD at a 1:1 ratio) in combination with TMZ produces a strong antitumoral effect in both subcutaneous and intracranial glioma cell-derived tumor xenografts. In contrast, combined administration of Sativex-like and BCNU (another alkylating agent used for the treatment of GBM which share structural similarities with the TMZ) did not show a stronger effect than individual treatments. Altogether, our findings support the notion that the combined administration of TMZ and oral cannabinoids could be therapeutically exploited for the management of GBM.Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu

Stimulation of ALK by the growth factor midkine renders glioma cells resistant to autophagy-mediated cell death

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component of marijuana, promotes cancer cell death via autophagy stimulation. We find that activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor ALK by its ligand midkine interferes with the signaling mechanism by which THC promotes autophagy-mediated glioma cell death.Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu

Effectiveness of Saccharomyces Boulardii CNCM I-745 probiotic in acute inflammatory viral diarrhoea in adults: results from a single-centre randomized trial

Abstract Background Probiotics are effective for treating acute infectious diarrhoea caused by bacteria, but there are inconsistent results for the effectiveness of probiotics for diarrhoea caused by viruses. In this article we want to determine whether Sb supplementation has an effect on acute inflammatory viral diarrhoea diagnosed with the multiplex panel PCR test. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) as a treatment in patients diagnosed with viral acute diarrhoea. Methods From February 2021 to December 2021, 46 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of viral acute diarrhoea diagnosed with the polymerase chain reaction multiplex assay were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Patients received paracetamol 500 mg as a standard analgesic and 200 mg of Trimebutine as an antispasmodic treatment plus 600 mg of Sb (n = 23, 1 × 109/100 mL Colony forming unit) or a placebo (n = 23) orally once daily for eight days. The improvement in and severity of symptoms were measured using a symptom diary, the Patient Global Impression and the Patient Global Impression of Change scales (days 4 and 8), both answered and recorded by the patient. Results Of the 46 patients who completed treatment, 24 (52%) were men and 22 (48%) were women. The average age was 35.6 ± 12.28 years (range 18 to 61 years). The average duration of the evolution of illness at the time of diagnosis was 0.85 ± 0.73 days (maximum 2 days). On day 4 after the diagnosis, 20% reported pain and 2% reported fever, but on day 8, no patient reported pain or fever. On day 4, 70% of patients in the Sb group and 26% in the placebo group reported improvement (P = 0.03), based on the Patients’ Global Impression of Change scale, which assesses patient’s rating of overall improvement. These findings suggest that 3 to 4 days of treatment with Sb helped to improve symptoms of diarrhoea caused by a virus. Conclusion Treatment with Sb on acute inflammatory diarrhoea of viral aetiology shows no changes regarding the severity of the symptoms; nevertheless, it seems to impact improvement positively. Trial registration 22CEI00320171130 dated on 16/12/2020, NCT05226052 dated on 07/02/2022

Potenciar los saberes y transformar las problemáticas: la extensión universitaria como eje social, cultural y artístico

La Extensión representa un eje central en el desarrollo de las funciones de la Universidad. Tal es así, que está instituida misional y sustantiva-mente. Por ello, las acciones que se realizan en y desde la academia logran trascender a distintos ámbitos en la sociedad gracias a que allí los saberes son valorizados y articulados. De este modo, se promueve su aplicación y, además, conllevan a la transformación de las distintas problemáticas. En este sentido, es imprescindible que las instituciones de educación superior aúnen sus esfuerzos con el fin de fortalecer y fomentar la realización de proyectos de extensión en sus diferentes modalidades. De igual manera, todos los sectores de la comunidad deberán ser partícipes de estos procesos y sus principales beneficiarios, logrando una integración, poten-cialización y generación de nuevos conocimientos.Contenido Prólogo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 CAPÍTULO 1 Sonando Latinoamérica Volumen II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 CAPÍTULO 2 Generación de contenido multimedia como estrategia de comunicación en el sector cafetero. Clima y café. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CAPÍTULO 3 La Etnoeducación, un encuentro entre las identidades culturales étnicas y la escuela. Contribución a la cátedra etnoeducativa del colegio Compartir Las Brisas de la Comuna Villa Santana de la ciudad de Pereira. . . 35 CAPÍTULO 4 Fortalecimiento de procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la química en instituciones educativas de Básica Primaria y Media Vocacional del departamento de Risaralda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 CAPÍTULO 5 Taller de fundamentación para el mejoramiento del perfil vocacional en estudiantes de ingeniería, con enfoque al aprendizaje activo y las habilidades blandas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Diagramación y Producción: Tomás Flórez Calle Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. CAPÍTULO 6 Taller de complemento para el desarrollo de habilidades duras y blandas de estudiantes de ingeniería, con un enfoque de trabajo activo y colaborativo basado en juegos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 CAPÍTULO 7 III Jornadas de educación ambiental para el cuidado, conservación e identificación de abejas polinizadoras nativas en escuelas urbanas de municipios de Risaralda y en el Campus UTP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 CAPÍTULO 8 Laboratorio de cambio: mejorando las perspectivas de futuro con la juventud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 CAPÍTULO 9 Curso Básico de Metrología para Estudiantes de Últimos Semestres de la Facultad de Ingenierías de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. . 137 CAPÍTULO 10 IV cohorte diplomado en didáctica de la oralidad, la lectura, la escritura y la escucha (DiOLEE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 CAPÍTULO 11 Pacas huerteras: una alternativa para la gestión de residuos y la alimentación consciente en la ciudad de Pereira, Risaralda. . . . . . . . . 171 CAPÍTULO 12 Andanzas: Estudiantina Sinapsis por el Triángulo del Café. . . . . . . . . 18