Anexo : Trabajo de grado

Telmex es una organización que inicia su operación como empresa estatal mexicana con bajos niveles de eficiencia, posterior a su privatización tomó un nuevo rumbo en sus procesos internos, llevándola a generar modelos de negocio diferenciados y enfocados a la prestación de servicios de telecomunicación a la vanguardia. A partir de la búsqueda de nuevos horizontes la compañía logra tener presencia en la mayoría de los países del continente americano operando bajo la marca de “Telmex Internacional”, y a su vez, con sus respectivas subsidiarias en cada uno de los diferentes países, con el objetivo de satisfacer las necesidades locales con mayor efectividad. Con el apoyo de los diferentes acercamientos teóricos se busca identificar los patrones que le permitieron a Telmex llegar a posicionarse como una compañía líder en el sector de las telecomunicaciones en Latinoamérica y específicamente en Colombia, manteniéndose en un mercado competitivo mediante la oferta de servicios de empaquetamiento ajustados a las necesidades de los clientesTelmex is an organization that began its operation as a Mexican state-owned company which was not enough efficient, but after its privatization took a new direction in their internal processes that led her to create business models differentiated and focus on the provision of telecommunication services at the forefront. In the search of new horizons the company achieved a presence in most countries in the Americas, operating under the brand of “Telmex Internacional” with their respective subsidiaries in each of the different countries, in order to satisfy local needs more effectively. With the support of the different theoretical approaches will seek to identify the patterns that allowed the company to reach a leading position in Latin America telecommunications sector, focused in Colombia, looking for maintain it in a competitive market by offering packaging services adjusted to the needs of customers

Efl learnes' autonomy and motivation using technology based out of class language learning activities at the UNAD university

Table 1 Results of the instruments applied, Table 2 Descriptive Statistics of the Variables, Table 3 Correlation between TBOCLLAS and Motivation, Table 4 Correlation between TBOCLLAS and Autonomy, Figure 1 Scatterplot of % TBOCLLAs and % Motivation, Figure 2 Scatterplot of % TBOCLLAs and % AutonomyEl uso de la tecnología está llevando a mejorar y cambiar varios aspectos de la vida diaria de las personas. El número de dispositivos y recursos ha aumentado y mejorando en varios aspectos las metodologías de aprendizaje, poniendo información valiosa en el alcance de los estudiantes. El acceso a la tecnología brinda muchas oportunidades para aprender fuera del aula y puede motivar el aprendizaje auto dirigido y autónomo. Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que la voluntad de los estudiantes de aprender un idioma extranjero está impulsada por la autonomía y la motivación, lo que contribuye considerablemente a las actividades de aprendizaje de idiomas fuera de clase basadas en la tecnología de los estudiantes de LILE en UNAD. Aunque, entre las tres variables analizadas en este estudio, la autonomía tiene una relación más considerable con el uso de TBOCLLAS que la motivación en el mismo aspecto.The use of technology is coming to improve and change several aspects of people’s daily life. The number of revolutionary devices and resources has increased, improving in several aspects the learning methodologies, putting valuable information on the scope. Modern technology has covered the way of interacting with the world. As technologies are easier to afford, omnipresent and transportable, learning a language takes place in different places such as home or workplace, even during leisure time. This is because of the access to technology gives many chances for learning outside the classroom and it might motivate self-directed and autonomous learning. Technology facilitates the access to material and information, and gives many chances to control the learning path. Connection between Information Communication Technology used out of class and motivation shows a medium association that expresses a positive tendency, reflecting the dependence of one another. Anyway, this correlation is not that strong due to the influence of other variables that impact on motivation and could constrain in the results appearing in this study. Those characteristics as it was introduced in this research are intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as economical, institutional, social, personal, among others. The investigation findings suggest that students’ willingness to learn a foreign language is driven by autonomy and motivation, considerably contributing to the LILE UNAD students’ technology-based out-of-class language learning activities. Although, between the three variables analyzed in this study, autonomy a more considerable relation with the use of TBOCLLAS than motivation in the same aspect

Potential and analysis of an osmotic power plant in the Magdalena River using experimental field-data

Producción CientíficaThe Magdalena River mouth in Colombia is studied as a candidate site for a renewable power plant via osmotic energy technology, using pressure retarded osmosis. This power generation plant would operate through the controlled mix of two flows with different salinities (river water and seawater in this case study). A preliminary design of a pressure retarded osmosis power plant is proposed here by means of experimental data acquisition on-site at the river mouth. The obtained net power production is shown to reach 6 MW, with adequate membrane power densities above 5 W/m2. These promising results consider energetic losses involved in the process, which have been further analysed to propose improvement targets in pretreatment processes and membrane permeability.Spanish Ministry of Economy through the project DPI2014-54530-R and the predoctoral grant BES-2015-073871, by the Junta de Castilla y León and European Regional Development Fund, UIC 233, and by the Banco Santander Iberoamérica Research Grants program. Field data acquisition was funded by COLCIENCIAS -Department of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia- by the project: 121571451074, resolution 881 – 2015

Rationalizing Inquiry Paths for Responsible Design in the Context of a Global Pandemic

The systemic disruptions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic amplified the effects of some social inequalities and revealed positive environmental effects associated with slowing the economy. In order to explore the repercussions of contagion prevention and community engagement initiatives such as deploying face masks and visualizing Covid-19 statistics, we resorted to an ethical model of Design for Responsible Innovation (DRI). This interactive model is useful for identifying, exploring, and describing analytical and generative paths of inquiry departing from, or arriving at, diverse matters of concern such as the impact of commodification and manufacturing in society and nature, the relativism of truth, the segregation of identities, and the reduction of agency. In this paper we argue that the human-centered perspective on design relies on a biased value system that either disfavors some social groups or disregards nonhuman living agencies, and we emphasize the analytical capacity of the model to chart and rationalize alternative inquiry paths. In consequence, future responsible design interventions would benefit from positioning life at center stage and embracing the relational and dependent nature of human beings from a posthuman perspective. To achieve this, research methods capable of handling human-nonhuman units of analysis and allowing the examination of systemic impact in complex systems are needed

Metabolic and Stress Responses in Senegalese Soles (Solea senegalensis Kaup) Fed Tryptophan Supplements: E ects of Concentration and Feeding Period

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of di erent dietary Trp concentrations on the stress and metabolism response of juvenile Senegalese soles (Solea senegalensis). Fish (38.1 1.9 g) were fed di erent Trp-enriched feeds (0%, 1% and 2% Trp added) for two and eight days, and later exposed to air stress for three min. Samples were taken pre- and 1 h post-stress (condition). Plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose and proteins were significantly a ected by the sampling time, showing higher values at 1 h post-stress. Trp concentration in food also had significant e ects on lactate and glucose levels. However, the feeding period did not a ect these parameters. Post-stress values were higher than in the pre-stress condition for every plasma parameter, except for lactate in two days and 1% Trp treatment. Nevertheless, cortisol, glucose and lactate did not vary significantly between pre- and post-stress samplings in fish fed the 1% Trp-enriched diet for two days. The lack of variability in cortisol response was also due to the high pre-stress value, significantly superior to pre-stress control. The exposure time to Trp feeding did not significantly a ect any enzyme activity; however, Trp added and condition influenced protein-related enzyme activities. In spite of decreasing stress markers, Trp-enriched diets altered the protein metabolism