A Review on Energy Consumption Optimization Techniques in IoT Based Smart Building Environments

In recent years, due to the unnecessary wastage of electrical energy in residential buildings, the requirement of energy optimization and user comfort has gained vital importance. In the literature, various techniques have been proposed addressing the energy optimization problem. The goal of each technique was to maintain a balance between user comfort and energy requirements such that the user can achieve the desired comfort level with the minimum amount of energy consumption. Researchers have addressed the issue with the help of different optimization algorithms and variations in the parameters to reduce energy consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this problem is not solved yet due to its challenging nature. The gap in the literature is due to the advancements in the technology and drawbacks of the optimization algorithms and the introduction of different new optimization algorithms. Further, many newly proposed optimization algorithms which have produced better accuracy on the benchmark instances but have not been applied yet for the optimization of energy consumption in smart homes. In this paper, we have carried out a detailed literature review of the techniques used for the optimization of energy consumption and scheduling in smart homes. The detailed discussion has been carried out on different factors contributing towards thermal comfort, visual comfort, and air quality comfort. We have also reviewed the fog and edge computing techniques used in smart homes

The effect of 3D realism and meaning making: A conceptual model

Field studies show that computer graphics, as in this case the 3D model of a heritage building, are only iconic representations rich perceived differently by individuals. Still, there is lack of evidence on how realistic 3D in contributes to the meaning making process.This article discusses on the proposed conceptual model for 3D realism towards meaning-making.It elaborates on principles of realism and 3D realism, meaning-making theories and processes and related works in the area.Based on four elements of 3D realism, it attempts to identify possible relationship with meaning making.The research methodology is outlined to achieve the intended research outcomes.The findings of this study would contribute to understanding of the ability to learning via 3D content

Spectrum of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in children: A report from PICU of a resource limited country

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in children is a rare but disabling disease that accounts for almost half cases of stroke. We report our experience of ICH in children. Retrospective review of medical records of children (1 month-16 years) admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit between January 2007 and December 2014 was done. Data collected included age, gender, presentation, examination findings, neuroimaging done (CT, MRI, and angiography) management (conservative/intervention), and outcome. Results are presented as frequency and percentages. Of the total 50 patients, 58% were male and 26% were \u3c1 year. On presentation 44% had vomiting, 42% had seizures, and GCS \u3c 8 while 40% had altered level of consciousness. Single bleed was present in 88%, 94% had supratentorial bleed, and 32% had intraventricular extension. 72% had bleed volume of \u3c30 mL and 8% had \u3e60 mL. CT scan was done in 98% patients and MRI in 34%, while 6% underwent conventional angiography. 60% patients were managed conservatively, 36% underwent neurosurgical intervention, and 6% underwent radiological vascular intervention. Hematologic causes were identified in 52% patients and vascular malformations in 14% and in 26% no cause could be identified. 26% of patients expired

Rehabilitation system for paraplegic patients using mind machine interface; a conceptual framework

Mind-Machine Interface (MMI) is a newly surfaced term in the field of control engineering and rehabilitation systems. This technique, coupled with the existing functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems, can be very beneficial for effective rehabilitation of disabled patients. This paper presents a conceptual framework for the development of MMI based FES systems for therapeutic aid and function restoration in spinal cord injured (SCI) paraplegic patients. It is intended to acquire thought modulated signals from human brain and then use these signals to command and control FES as desired by the patient. The proposed setup can significantly assist the rehabilitation and recovery of paraplegic patients due to the ease of control for the user

The quadriceps muscle of knee joint modelling using hybrid particle swarm optimization-neural network (PSO-NN)

Neural framework has for quite a while been known for its ability to handle a complex nonlinear system without a logical model and can learn refined nonlinear associations gives. Theoretically, the most surely understood computation to set up the framework is the backpropagation (BP) count which relies on upon the minimization of the mean square error (MSE). However, this algorithm is not totally efficient in the presence of outliers which usually exist in dynamic data. This paper exhibits the modelling of quadriceps muscle model by utilizing counterfeit smart procedures named consolidated backpropagation neural network nonlinear autoregressive (BPNN-NAR) and backpropagation neural network nonlinear autoregressive moving average (BPNN-NARMA) models in view of utilitarian electrical incitement (FES). We adapted particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach to enhance the performance of backpropagation algorithm. In this research, a progression of tests utilizing FES was led. The information that is gotten is utilized to build up the quadriceps muscle model. 934 preparing information, 200 testing and 200 approval information set are utilized as a part of the improvement of muscle model. It was found that both BPNN-NAR and BPNN-NARMA performed well in modelling this type of data. As a conclusion, the neural network time series models performed reasonably efficient for non-linear modelling such as active properties of the quadriceps muscle with one input, namely output namely muscle force

Assessment of the Impact of Petroleum Depot Effluents on a Nearby River Quality

The possible effects of the petroleum depot effluents on the river water quality were examined. Twelve-monthly water sampling (June, 2015 to May, 2016) were taken from upstream and downstream of the river. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), total solid (TS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness, phosphate, sulphate, nitrate, chloride and heavy metals were determined using standard methods. The pH, temperature, TDS, TSS, TS, BOD, total alkalinity and chloride concentrations exceeded the guidelines values of WHO, SON and EPA during the dry season and within the permissible limits during the rainy season. The EC, total hardness, sulphate and nitrate were within the range of standards while phosphate and turbidity exceeded the permissible standard values throughout the sampling period. Pearson correlation coefficient of ions showed that there was a significant correlation at the 0.01 probability level. Therefore, the metals and anions are from a common source. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric results showed that concentration of Cd and Ni exceeded standard values, 0.005 and 0.1 mg/L respectively during the dry season while Pb and Cr exceeded the permissible limits, 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L during the rainy season. Copper was within the permissible limit 0.5 mg/L while Zn exceeded the permissible limit 0.05 mg/L throughout sampling periods. The levels of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the river are particularly high enough to cause public concerns

Caracteristica depistării tuberculozei în cadrul asistenţei medicale primare

Background. The early detection and treatment of a new TB cases, detected as early as possible, is considered the most effective tool for breaking the epidemiological chain. Objective of the study. Study of the clinical-microbiological correlation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis detected by active and passive way. Material and Methods. 100 patients new cases with pulmonary tuberculosis, aged between 18 and 70 years, were admitted in the Municipal Clinical Hospital of Ftiziopneumology mun. Chisinau in 2018. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I – 50 patients detected by active way, group II – 50 – by passive case finding. Results. In both groups men predominated, most of the patients in group II were not employed. Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis predominated in both study groups: in group I - 46 (92%) cases, in group II - 43 (86%) patients. The results of treatment in group I were distributed as follows: closed treatment - 46 (92%) patients, 3 (6%) people had therapeutic failure, 1 (2%) patients died. In group II, 32 (64%) people were cured, 2 (4%) people completed the treatment, 5 (10%) patients abandoned the treatment, 8 (16%) people failed the treatment, 3 (6%) died cases. Conclusion. the close correlation between clinical-radiological and microbiological data were established, which indicates the possibility of increasing the early detection of tuberculosis in order to improve the treatment results. Introducere. Depistarea şi tratamentul precoce al unui caz nou de TB, este considerat cel mai eficient instrument pentru întreruperea lanțului epidemiologic. Scopul lucrării. Studierea corelației clinicomicrobiologice la pacienții cu tuberculoză pulmonară detectată pe cale activă și pasivă. Material și Metode. 100 de pacienți cu cazuri noi de TB, cu vârste cuprinse între 18 și 70 de ani, internați la Spitalul Clinic Municipal de Fiziopneumologie mun. Chișinău în 2018. Pacienții au fost împărțiți în 2 grupe: grupa I - 50 pacienți detectați activ, grupa II - 50 - prin depistarea pasivă a cazurilor. Rezultate. În ambele grupuri au predominat bărbații, majoritatea pacienților din grupul II nu au fost angajați. Tuberculoza pulmonară infiltrativă a predominat în ambele grupuri de studiu: în grupul I - 46 (92%) cazuri, în grupul II - 43 (86%) pacienți. Rezultatele tratamentului din grupul I au fost distribuite după cum urmează: tratament încheiat - 46 (92%) pacienți, 3 (6%) persoane au avut eşec terapeutic, 1 (2%) pacient a decedat. În grupul II, 32 (64%) persoane au fost vindecate, 2 (4%) persoane au finalizat tratamentul, 5 (10%) pacienți au abandonat tratamentul, 8 (16%) persoane au eșuat tratamentul, 3 (6%) persoane au decedat. Concluzii. A fost stabilită o strânsă corelație între datele clinico-radiologice și microbiologice, ceea ce indică posibilitatea creșterii detectării precoce a tuberculozei pentru îmbunătățirea rezultatelor tratamentului

Novel Approach for Modeling Wireless Fading Channels using a Finite State Markov Chain

yesEmpirical modeling of wireless fading channels using common schemes such as autoregression and thefinitestate Markov chain (FSMC) is investigated. The conceptual background of both channel structures and the establishment of their mutual dependence in a confined manner are presented. The novel contribution lies in the proposal of a new approach for deriving the state transition probabilities borrowed from economic disciplines, which has not been studied so far with respect to the modeling of FSMC wireless fading channels. The proposed approach is based on equal portioning of the received signal-to-noise ratio, realized by using an alternative probability construction that was initially highlighted by Tauchen. The associated statistical procedure shows that afirst-order FSMC with a limited number of channel states can satisfactorily approximate fading. The computational overheads of the proposed technique are analyzed andproven to be less demanding compared to the conventional FSMC approach based on the levelcrossing rate. Simulations confirm the analytical results and promising performance of the new channel modelbased on the Tauchen approach without extracomplexity costs

Role of preoperative embolization in management of central nervous system tumours

Preoperative embolization plays a significant role as an adjunct to surgical intervention in the cases of certain vascular tumours of the brain. While the procedure has resulted in facilitated resection of the tumour, and has reduced morbidity and mortality, its application remains debatable within the neurosurgical community, owing to rare, but major post-procedural complications. Herein, we have reviewed the literature to assess the safety and efficacy of preoperative angiographic embolization for brain tumours

Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using multitaper method based on MIMO-OFDM techniques

The current inefficient utilization of frequency spectrum has alerted regulatory bodies to streamline improvements. Cognitive radio (CR) has recently received considerable attention and is widely perceived as a promising improvement tool in estimating, or equivalently sensing, the frequency spectrum for wireless communication systems. The cognitive cycle in CR systems is capable of recognizing and processing better spectrum estimation (SE) and hence promotes the efficiency of spectrum utilization. Among different SE methods, the multi-taper method (MTM) shows encouraging results. Further performance improvement in the SE for CR can be achieved by applying multiple antennas and combining techniques. This paper proposes a constructive development of SE using MTM, abbreviated as MTSE, and by employing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), parsed into separate parallel channels using singular value decomposition (SVD), and maximum ratio combining (MRC) configurations. Deviating from these improvements, however, multicarrier systems such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) show inferior sensing performances due to the noise multiplicity generated and combined from all subcarrier channels. By means of the quadrature matrix form, the probabilities for such integrated settings of SE have been derived to reach at their approximate asymptotes. Numerical simulations revealed specific better performances stemmed from coupling the fashionable MTSE and MIMO technologies