A Worldwide Test of the Predictive Validity of Ideal Partner Preference-Matching

©American Psychological Association, [2024]. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. The final article is available, upon publication, at: [ARTICLE DOI]”Ideal partner preferences (i.e., ratings of the desirability of attributes like attractiveness or intelligence) are the source of numerous foundational findings in the interdisciplinary literature on human mating. Recently, research on the predictive validity of ideal partner preference-matching (i.e., do people positively evaluate partners who match versus mismatch their ideals?) has become mired in several problems. First, articles exhibit discrepant analytic and reporting practices. Second, different findings emerge across laboratories worldwide, perhaps because they sample different relationship contexts and/or populations. This registered report—partnered with the Psychological Science Accelerator—uses a highly powered design (N=10,358) across 43 countries and 22 languages to estimate preference-matching effect sizes. The most rigorous tests revealed significant preference-matching effects in the whole sample and for partnered and single participants separately. The “corrected pattern metric” that collapses across 35 traits revealed a zero-order effect of β=.19 and an effect of β=.11 when included alongside a normative preference-matching metric. Specific traits in the “level metric” (interaction) tests revealed very small (average β=.04) effects. Effect sizes were similar for partnered participants who reported ideals before entering a relationship, and there was no consistent evidence that individual differences moderated any effects. Comparisons between stated and revealed preferences shed light on gender differences and similarities: For attractiveness, men’s and (especially) women’s stated preferences underestimated revealed preferences (i.e., they thought attractiveness was less important than it actually was). For earning potential, men’s stated preferences underestimated—and women’s stated preferences overestimated—revealed preferences. Implications for the literature on human mating are discussed.Unfunde

Attachment (In)Security and Threat Priming Influence Signal Detection Performance

This study examined whether the subliminal priming of threat and attachment figure availability interfere with cognitive attentional performance in conditions of uncertainty among individuals with differing attachment orientations. University students (N = 225) first completed a scale to identify names of their significant attachment figures (WHOTO) and self-report measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance and were then administered a computerized signal detection task assessing their cognitive attentional performance under conditions of threat and attachment figure availability priming. Findings revealed that both attachment anxiety and avoidance posed risk factors for cognitive performance but in different patterns. While attachment avoidance made individuals more prone to errors in missing a signal that was present, attachment anxiety increased the error rate for false alarms. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work in the field and their implications for potential cultural differences. © 2017, The Author(s) 2017

Fuzzy logic control of a full vehicle without suspension gap degeneration

The aim of this study is to design and check the performance of fuzzy logic-controlled (FLC) semi-active suspensions on a non-linear full vehicle-model with seven degrees of freedom, without causing any degeneration in suspension working limits. Aiming at zero displacement for the sprung mass might finish the suspension working distance because the controller uses the needed space to change the suspension length. For this reason, a new approach is suggested in this study. Linear combinations of the vertical velocities of the suspension ends and the accelerations of the suspension connection points to the body have been used as input variables. The results obtained with the vehicle system controlled by fuzzy logic are compared with those from the conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controlled system and passive suspension system

Retrorectal/presacral epidermoid cyst: Report of a case [Retrorektal/presakral epidermoid kist: Olgu sunumu]

Although epidermal cysts are frequently observed throughout the body, they are rarely found in the retrorectal/presacral regions. Retrorectal epidermal cysts are congenital lesions of ectodermal origin and generally occur in women during the reproductive period. In this case report, a 47 year old female patient with 25 years of complaint of a mass extending from the perianal region to the retrococcygeal region is discussed. A total mass excision with paracoccygeal incision was performed under spinal anesthesia. The histopathologic examination demonstrated an epidermal cyst. Correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment when first detected significantly decrease the recurrence and complication risks in all retrorectal tumors. Any mass should be completely removed in the treatment

Fine needle aspiration cytology of amyloid goitre associated with familial mediterranean fever

Background: Amyloidosis occasionally complicates the course of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Amyloid deposition may occur in various organs, but goitre secondary to amyloid deposition is rarely seen in FMF. Method: We report the case of a 29-year-old male with amyloid goitre (AG) secondary to FMF. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) enabled correct diagnosis of AG prior to surgery. Results: Cytologic slides revealed abundant amorphus material with the staining characteristics of amyloid. Histopathological findings in the thyroidectomy specimen confirmed the FNAC. A parathyroid gland was also infiltrated with amyloid. Conclusions: The diagnosis of AG should always be suspected in patients with FMF when they present with an enlarged thyroid and FNAC should be the first pre-operative diagnostic tool. Besides, other conditions in which amyloid deposition occur-especially medullary carcinoma of the thyroid-should always be kept in mind in the differantial diagnosis

Reconstruction of cervical esophagus defects by free jejunal flap after proximal esophageal carcinoma resections

Background. Surgical treatment of proximal esophageal defects remains one of the greatest challenges to surgeons. Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the free jejunal flap surgical technique and the surgical outcomes in patients who underwent it for proximal esophageal carcinoma resections. Material and Methods. The medical records of nine patients who underwent free jejunal flap reconstruction of the cervical esophagus for proximal esophageal cancer between January 2007 and December 2009 at the Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey, were evaluated retrospectively. The patients' age, gender, symptoms, laboratory findings, diagnostic procedures, stage of disease, pathology, flap viability, length of hospitalization, post-operative ability to swallow, post-operative morbidity, mortality and recurrence were evaluated. The patients were followed up for 11 to 36 months. Results. Although the free jejunal flap technique is a time-consuming and multi-step procedure, all of the free jejunal flaps survived. All of the patients exhibited good post-operative swallowing ability. One patient developed a salivary fistula. There was only one death, resulting from sepsis caused by late diagnosis of displacement of the jejunostomy tube. Conclusions. All the patients regained their capacity to swallow, which improved their quality of life. The free jejunal flap procedure offers rapid rehabilitation and improved quality of life. The study involved only a limited number of patients, but confirmed that with the cooperation of the surgical teams, free jejunal flaps can be used successfully on suitable patients requiring laryngopharyngectomy with cervical esophagectomy. © Copyright by Wroclaw Medical University

Clinical characterization of unusual cystic echinococcosis in southern part of Turkey

PubMedID: 25971825BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of primary extrahepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) is rare. Generally, radiological and serological findings can help establish the diagnosis of hepatic and pulmonary CE, but a CE in an unusual location with atypical radiological findings may complicate the differential diagnosis. The objective of this study is to present the characteristics of cases with extrahepatic CE in respect of sites of involvement, clinical presentations, radiological findings, serological diagnostic evaluations, and outcomes of infected patients. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A retrospective analysis of surgically treated CE was conducted between January 1993 and January 2014 in the General Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, Urology, Cardiovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery, and Orthopedics departments of University of Cukurova, Faculty of Medicine, Balcali Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among the 661 patients managed for CE, 134 had unusual sites of involvement. Radiological and serological examinations were used to differentiate CE from alveolar echinococcosis. RESULTS: Of 134 cases with unusual sites of involvement, 32 cases had liver CE (23.9%), 7 cases had lung CE (5.2%), and 2 cases had concomitant liver and lung CE (1.5%). In 93 (69.4%) cases, unusual organ involvement was isolated without any liver or lung involvement. The mean age was 45 years. Abdominal pain was the main symptom and was found in 104 patients. Thirty-one (23.1%) of 134 extrahepatic CE cases were evaluated as negative with indirect hemagglutination (IHA). However, positive results were obtained in 54 cases evaluated with Echinococcus granulosus IgG Western blot (WB), including 10 IHA-negative cases. CONCLUSION: CE with unusual localizations may cause serious problems of diagnostic confusion. The combination of clinical history, radiological findings, and serological test results (especially the WB) are valuable in diagnosing extrahepatic CE

Abdominal compartment syndrome: Current problems and new strategies

PubMedID: 18026790Background: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a diffucult entity with two main problems during its course: (1) survival of the patient during the early period and (2) closure of the open wounds during the late period. In this study we evaluated the decision to decompress according to the level of intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and analysis of any recurrent or persistent increase in IAP. Methods: A prospective study was undertaken on 119 patients with increased IAP. The IAP was measured daily by obtaining the bladder pressure. Patients were monitored via a central venous line; and vital signs, arterial blood gases, the Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and abbreviated mental tests were recorded. The suggestions of Meldrum et al. were taken as a guideline during the treatment. The sensitivity and specifity of IAP and APACHE II scores for different cutoff values were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Hospital mortality was 33.6%, which increased with co-morbidities (p = 0.03). A cutoff value for IAP of 23 mmHg was considered an optimal point predicting mortality. The IAP within the first 3 days for patients who died was higher than the cutoff value. For patients with IAP of 15 to 25 mmHg, nonsurgical therapy increased the rate of mortality (odds ratio 5.2, 95% confidence interval 1.0-27.7; p = 0.03). Conclusions: In patients with ACS emergency, it is recommended that decompressive laparotomy to be performed even if the IAP falls below 25 mmHg. For patients with IAP levels higher than 25 mmHg, the IAP should be meticolusly brought below the cutoff level during the postoperative period. © 2007 Société Internationale de Chirurgie