The evaluation of psychometric properties of headache disability inventory in the headache patients

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: سر درد یکی از شایع ترین شکایت های طبی است که تأثیر نامطلوب زیادی بر سبک زندگی، احساس بهزیستی و فعالیت های اجتماعی بیمار می گذارد. با توجه به آثار منفی سردرد و نیاز جامعه علمی به ابزاری که بتواند پیامدهای روانشناختی کافی از سردرد را مورد سنجش قرار دهد این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ساختار عاملی، اعتبار و روایی پرسشنامه سنجش ناتوانی ناشی از سردرد انجام شد. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی 100 بیمار مبتلا به سردرد مراجعه کننده به مراکز مغز و اعصاب شهر شیراز به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و همزمان به پرسشنامه سنجش ناتوانی ناشی از سردرد و مقیاس Scl-25 پاسخ دادند. برای بررسی روایی این پرسشنامه از سه روش روایی سازه (تحلیل عاملی)، روایی همزمان و روایی همگرا استفاده شد. اعتبار پرسشنامه مزبور به دو شیوه دونیمه سازی و همسانی درونی بررسی گردید. تحلیل عوامل با استفاده از روش چرخشی واریماکس و بر اساس آزمون اسکری، انجام شد. یافته ها: نتیجه تحلیل عوامل بیانگر وجود دو عامل عاطفی و کارکردی در این پرسشنامه بود که در مجموع 36 درصد از واریانس کل آزمون را تبیین می نمودند. در روایی همزمان، ضرایب همبستگی نمره کل، عامل عاطفی و عامل کارکردی پرسشنامه مزبور با مقیاس Scl-25 به ترتیب 71/0، 51/0 و 55/0به دست آمد. در روایی همگرا نیز ضرایب همبستگی خرده مقیاس های عاطفی وکارکردی با کل آزمون به ترتیب 79/0 و 91/0 و ضریب همبستگی این دو خرده مقیاس با هم 48/0 به دست آمد. در بررسی اعتبار، ضریب اعتبار دو نیمه سازی 77/0 و ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ برای کل آزمون، عامل عاطفی و عامل کارکردی به ترتیب 86/0، 68/0 و 83/0 به دست آمد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه این پرسشنامه، در جامعه ایران اعتبار و روایی مناسبی دارد و ابزار مناسبی برای استفاده در موقعیت های بالینی و پژوهشی می باشد

Personality dimensions and type D personality in female patients with ulcerative colitis

Aim : Psychological factors such as personality traits may affect the adjustment capacity and Quality of Life (QOL) in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients. Type D personality has some similarities with general personality traits of UC patients. The aims of this study were to compare NEO personality profile and type D personality between healthy normal group and UC patients; and to determine the possible relationship between type D personality and QOL in UC patients. Materials and Methods : The sample of study comprised of 58 UC patients and 59 healthy control subjects (from their family members). All participants were requested to fill out NEO-FFI, Type D personality (Ds14) Scale and WHO-Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results : The findings indicated that UC patients scored higher in neuroticism (P<0/01); lower in extraversion (P<0/01) and openness (P<0/05) than healthy controls but their differentiation were not significant in agreeableness and conscientiousness. The findings showed that 59% of UC patients and 33% of the control subjects had type D personality; and the differences in frequency of type D between the two groups were significant (P<0/05). The mean QOL scores of type D personality in UC patients was significantly lower than patients without type D personality (F= 7/55, P<0/01). Type D personality could better predict QOL of UC patients than NEO dimensions. Conclusions : Differences were observed between UC patients and their healthy family members, in terms of personality factors. Type D personality may be regarded as an important factor that may bring about some adverse effects in QOL among UC patients

Molecular detection of prokaryotes in apricot showing decline and leaf scorch symptoms in Iran.

During field surveys in 2015 and early spring 2016 in orchards of Mahvelat and Khaf regions of Razavi-Khorassan province in Iran a severe apricot decline was observed in the 22 to 27% of the cultivars Shahroodi and Lasjerdi. Diseased trees exhibit generalized yellows, upward curling and scorch of the leaves, premature and small leaf, and often fruit dropping, together with growth reduction and premature leaf discoloration. Molecular detection carried out on extracted nucleic acid with PCR and pathogen specific primers allow to verify the presence of phytoplasmas belonging to ribosomal groups 16SrXII and 16SrI in mixed infection, and in some samples of bands referable to the presence of Xylella fastidiosa. The first detection of these pathogens in the same species represents a big threat not only for the Iranian apricot cultivations, but also for agriculture in general, considering that all the detected prokaryotes are infecting a high number of plant species

Psychological Issues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and disabling disease with unknown etiology. There have been some controversies regarding the role of psychological factors in the course of IBD. The purpose of this paper is to review that role. First the evidence on role of stress is reviewed focusing on perceived stress and patients’ beliefs about it in triggering or exacerbating the course of IBD. The possible mechanisms by which stress could be translated into IBD symptoms, including changes in motor, sensory and secretory gastrointestinal function, increase intestinal permeability, and changes in the immune system are, then reviewed. The role of patients’ concerns about psychological distress and their adjustment to disease, poor coping strategies, and some personality traits that are commonly associated with these diseases are introduced. The prevalence rate, the timing of onset, and the impact of anxiety and depression on health-related quality of life are then reviewed. Finally issues about illness behavior and the necessity of integrating psychological interventions with conventional treatment protocols are explained

Phytoplasma detection and identification in declining pomegranate in Iran

Samples from pomegranate trees were collected from cultivations in Khalilabad and Bardaskan (Razavi-Khorassan province, Iran) during summer 2015. The symptomatic plants showed slow decline during one or more years with a reduction in yield and fruit size and yellowing of the leaves, and/or reddening with thickening of veins. Finally the trees showed general dieback. After nucleic acid extraction and PCR/RFLP analyses of 16S ribosomal gene followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses a phytoplasma related with \u2018Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni\u2019 was identified in the symptomatic samples. The epidemiologic importance of this new phytoplasma-associated in diseased pomegranate in Iran should be further studied to establish control strategies and avoid dissemination of this phytoplasma for the first time reported in the Country

The incidence and risk factors for developing depression after being diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study

Studies have found that depression is more frequent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than the general population. Clinicians are now trying to pinpoint risk factors for psychological impairment in the IBD population. To examine the demographic and phenotypic variables associated with the development of depression among a diverse cohort of IBD patients. We also sought to describe psychotropic therapy prescribed to IBD patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) without a prior psychiatric diagnosis and followed in the gastroenterology clinics of the private university hospital and public safety net hospital at a large academic centre in Miami (Florida). Predictive variables included demographic characteristics, IBD phenotype, exposure to IBD medications, history of a surgical stoma or seton placement, extra-intestinal manifestations, laboratory indices, aggressive disease and disease activity (based on imaging and endoscopic parameters). Proportional hazard regression models and stepwise Cox regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Independent predictors of depression were female gender [HR: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.7), P = 0.01], aggressive disease [HR: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.02-1.9), P = 0.03] and active disease [HR: 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1-2.0), P = 0.04]. In the group that did develop a depressive disorder, 65% received pharmacologic therapy with one or more psychotropic agents. We found female gender, aggressive disease and increased endoscopic/radiological activity to be independently associated with the development of depression in inflammatory bowel disease