Deblurring of images using blind schemes

The thesis presents two blind deconvolution schemes for image blur removal. The two major types of blur has been worked out, namely, the gaussian blur and the motion blur. The image corrupted by the gaussian blur is reconstructed by Evolutionary algorithm using pseudo-wigner distribution. The second method deals with heuristically estimating the blur parameter of the image undergone motion blur. The gaussian effect is mostly observed in astronomical imaging. The image deblurring for motion blurred image is required due to hardware incapability of capturing the exact information of moving object or with moving camera. In this thesis, an observed image is assumed to be the two dimensional convolution of the true image with a linear-shift invariant blur, known as point-spread function, psf, and the additive noise is assumed to be zero. The Evolutionary algorithm has been implemented to remove gaussian blur. The atmospheric turbulence is mostly modelled by the gaussian psf. The algorithm proceeds by randomly generating the psf’s at each generation. The psf’s at each generation are used to estimate the true image. The best fitted images are then given as input to the next generation. After few generation, the most feasible images are chosen. These closer estimated images are fused using pseudo-wigner distribution to reconstruct the final required image. The inherent dynamic characteristic of the nature gives rise to motion blur. Whenever there is relative motion between the object to be captured and the imaging system, the image captured at that instant is suered by the type of blur known as motion blur. A new heuristic approach has been framed out with the purpose of estimating the motion blur parameter. This type of blur is characterised by its length and the motion direction. These parameters are then used to restore the image. The motion direction is estimated from the fourier domain of the observed motion blurred image. The length is then iteratively computed using Entropy and the RMSE as the quality metrics

Not Available

Not AvailableThe present study attempts to delineate and prioritize Jumar sub-watershed (subernarekha watershed) for sustainable development using geospatial techniques. The remote sensing products in conjunction with Survey of India toposheet were used to delineate different physiographic units. Seven classes were identified based on depth, slope, erosion, texture, acidity and rock out crops. Out of these classes moderately well drained and very strongly acidic soils occupy largest area i.e. 7765.4 ha (27.07% of TGA). Based on the severity of the problems, the identified classes were again grouped under various priority zones viz., high (severe limitations), medium (moderate limitations) and low (minimum limitations). About 32.38% area was classified under high priority, followed by 29.07% under medium and largest area i.e. 7765.4 ha (27.07%) under low priority zones. The high and medium priority zones require immediate protection and amelioration and hence suggested land use plan for sustainable development.Not Availabl

Sustained progress, but no room for complacency: Results of 2015 HIV estimations in India

Background & objectives: Evidence-based planning has been the cornerstone of India's response to HIV/AIDS. Here we describe the process, method and tools used for generating the 2015 HIV estimates and provide a summary of the main results. Methods: Spectrum software supported by the UNAIDS was used to produce HIV estimates for India as a whole and its States/Union Territories. This tool takes into consideration the size and HIV prevalence of defined population groups and programme data to estimate HIV prevalence, incidence and mortality over time as well as treatment needs. Results: India's national adult prevalence of HIV was 0.26 per cent in 2015. Of the 2.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS, the largest numbers were in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka. New HIV infections were an estimated 86,000 in 2015, reflecting a decline by around 32 per cent from 2007. The declining trend in incidence was mirrored in most States, though an increasing trend was detected in Assam, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Sikkim, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh. AIDS-related deaths were estimated to be 67,600 in 2015, reflecting a 54 per cent decline from 2007. There were variations in the rate and trend of decline across India for this indicator also. Interpretation & conclusions: While key indicators measured through Spectrum modelling confirm success of the National AIDS Control Programme, there is no room for complacency as rising incidence trends in some geographical areas and population pockets remain the cause of concern. Progress achieved so far in responding to HIV/AIDS needs to be sustained to end the HIV epidemic