DISTRIBUSI Culicoides spp. (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) PADA PETERNAKAN AYAM PETELUR DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA = A DISTRIBUTION OF Culicoides spp. (Dag bRA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) ON THE LAYER POULTRY FARMS IN SLEMAN REGEN

Telah diteliti distribusi spesies Culicoides yang ada di kitar peternakan ayam petelur di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui spesies-spesies Culicoides yang mempunyai peranan dalam menyebarkan penyakit leukositozoonosis pada ayam petelur. Sebanyak 762 ekor Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopgonidae) dikumpulkan dari dua belas peternakan ayam petelur di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman dengan menggunakan perangkap serangga Pirbright type rniniatur light trap. Culicoides yang diperoleh dikelompokkan dan diidentiflkasi berdasarkan karakter morfologis menurut Wirth den Hubert. Basil penelitian menunjukkan tidal( ada perbedaan populasi Culicoides dari petemakan ayam petelur yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman pada dataran rendah maupun dataran tinggi. Ada delapan spesies Culicoides yang diperoleh dari petenakan ayam petelur di Kabupaten Sleman yang berhasil diidentifikasi yaitu: C. lye, C. guttifer, C. arakawae, C. oxystoma, C. parahumeralis, C. peregrinus, C. sumatrae dan C. clavipalpis. Spesies Culicoides yang dicurigai sebagai penyebar penyakit leukositozoonosis di Kabupaten Sleman adalah C. huffi, C. guitifer , dan C.arakawae . Kata kunci : Leucocytozoon caulletyi, Culicoide

PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TERHADAP PATOGENESITAS OOSISTA Eimeria tenella PADAAYAMPEDAGING

Coccidiosis is a problem for chicken\u27s industries, because prevention C?fthe diseases is still a problem in Indonesie. The research was carried out to study the effect of temperature to pathogenicity of Eimeria tenella in broiler chicken. Fifteen 17-day-old broiler chickens were divided into three groups (Group A, B and C), each group consisted of 5 chickens. Each chiken of the Group A, B, and C was infected orally with 5000 oocysts treated with temperature at 4°C for 17days, 5000 oocysts at 50°Cfor IS days, and 5000 oocysts at 27°Cfor 17 days, respectively. Necropsy was carried out to identifie the histopathological feataures on five and seven days after infection. The features of caecum lesion were analyzed descriptively and the Lesion scores- were analyzed with Rank test. The research concluded that a temperature influenced to the pathogenicity of E. tenella oocystes and the study recommended to use 50°Cheating for IS days for killing the oocysts

Pendampingan Belajar untuk Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar dan Pengerjaan Tugas pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 bagi Siswa SMP di Desa Sidodadi, Kecamatan Ngantang

Terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 telah membatasi ruang gerak pada setiap aspek kehidupan manusia, termasuk dalam bidang pendidikan. Akibatnya, pemerintah membuat kebijakan yang mengharuskan siswa melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran secara daring. Seiring dengan adanya kebijakan tersebut, muncul berbagai kendala yang dihadapi oleh siswa seperti kesulitan dalam memahami materi yang diajarkan oleh guru. Permasalahan serupa juga dirasakan oleh siswa SMP di Desa Sidodadi, Kecamatan Ngantang. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan, peneliti berupaya untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar pada berbagai mata pelajaran siswa SMP di Desa Sidodadi, Kecamatan Ngantang dengan menumbuhkan kembali semangat belajar dan membantu peserta didik mengerjakan tugas yang sulit dipahami dengan melaksanakan pendampingan belajar daring. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dengan teknik random sampling dengan populasinya adalah siswa SMP di Desa Sidodadi. Hasil pengumpulan data menyatakan bahwa semua populasi yang diteliti merasa kesulitan belajar dan mengerjakan tugas selama pandemi. Adapun tahap-tahap yang dilaksanakan dalam pengabdian ini yaitu: (1) analisis situasi; (2) perizinan; (3) persiapan kebutuhan; (4) pelaksanaan kegiatan; dan (5) evaluasi. Pendampingan belajar daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa SMP di Desa Sidodadi, Kecamatan Ngantang. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan siswa dalam belajar pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dapat teratasi setelah mengikuti kegiatan pendampingan belajar. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan terjadinya peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran

Molecular and morphological identification of Lernaea spp. in Cyprinid fishes from two districts in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Parasitic infection commonly affects freshwater ornamental fishes. Parasites in fish may impede their growth and even cause death, resulting in a decline in fecundity. The prevalence of lernaeosis in aquaculture ponds in Indonesia requires attention because of missing data, especially from Yogyakarta. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the Lernaea species found in fish in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta, molecularly and morphologically, as well as an overview of their distribution and the water condition they inhabit. Materials and Methods: Lernaea species were collected from three different fish species in two districts of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, for precise identification. Lernaea specimens were characterized morphologically and subjected to molecular identification based on 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes. Results: Lernaea in this study was morphologically and genetically confirmed as Lernaea cyprinacea, and the infection rate in each fish species was different. Water conditions might have contributed to the differences in infection levels. Conclusion: This study characterized L. cyprinacea isolated from Yogyakarta. Future research should focus on sequencing as much molecular information as possible and carrying out more experimental infections

Parasit Gastrointestinal pada Sapi di Daerah Aliran Sungai Progo Yogyakarta

The aim of study was investigate gastrointestinal disease on cow fed forage from Progo watershed. Sixty three feses samples were taken from cows on Progo watershed. The method of feses analysis used was sentrifuge and Parfitt Bank. The results showed that 63 samples of cows feces were examined, among 25 were infected by Fasciola sp., 7 Paramphistomum sp., 14 Strongyle, and 9 Coccidiosis. The conclusion was the prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in cows was dominant incidence of Fasciolosis by 40%, Strongyle 22%, 14% Coccidiosis, and Paramphistomum sp.11%

Natural resource exploitation in Western Sahara: new research directions

The authors wish to thank the Leverhulme Trust (through their Early Career scheme) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity, (CSO2017-86986-P, AEI/FEDER, UE) for funding this research. We would also like to thank Patricia Lalonde for her translations and editorial work, as well as all participants of the 'Analysis of the Management and Exploitation of Natural Resources in Situations of Conflict: The Case of Western Sahara' project (funded by the aforementioned ministry), for their constructive comments on earlier iterations of this paper.This review article provides an overview of research to date with an explicit focus on natural resource exploitation in Western Sahara. It integrates findings from various perspectives and disciplines, and synthesises the research done with a view to revealing gaps and, therefore, potential new research directions. As the issue of natural resource exploitation in Western Sahara has been conceptualised in very different ways and from the perspectives of a variety of disciplines, the authors have opted for a semi-systematic review of the work done encompassing academic, non-academic, and activist backgrounds.Leverhulme TrustSpanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (AEI/FEDER, UE) CSO2017-86986-

Tau mislocation in glucocorticoid-triggered hippocampal pathology

The exposure to high glucocorticoids (GC) triggers neuronal atrophy and cognitive deficits, but the exact cellular mechanisms underlying the GC-associated dendritic remodeling and spine loss are still poorly understood. Previous studies have implicated sustained GC elevations in neurodegenerative mechanisms through GC-evoked hyperphosphorylation of the cytoskeletal protein Tau while Tau mislocation has recently been proposed as relevant in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In light of the dual cytoplasmic and synaptic role of Tau, this study monitored the impact of prolonged GC treatment on Tau intracellular localization and its phosphorylation status in different cellular compartments. We demonstrate, both by biochemical and ultrastructural analysis, that GC administration led to cytosolic and dendritic Tau accumulation in rat hippocampus, and triggered Tau hyperphosphorylation in epitopes related to its malfunction (Ser396/404) and cytoskeletal pathology (e.g., Thr231 and Ser262). In addition, we show, for the first time, that chronic GC administration also increased Tau levels in synaptic compartment; however, at the synapse, there was an increase in phosphorylation of Ser396/404, but a decrease of Thr231. These GC-triggered Tau changes were paralleled by reduced levels of synaptic scaffolding proteins such as PSD-95 and Shank proteins as well as reduced dendritic branching and spine loss. These in vivo findings add to our limited knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of GC-evoked synaptic atrophy and neuronal disconnection implicating Tau missorting in mechanism(s) of synaptic damage, beyond AD pathology.We would like to thank Rui Fernandes for TEM technical support. IS was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).This work was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (grant NMC-113934 to IS and grant SFRH/BPD/80118/2011 to JC), Canon Foundation and project DoIT - Desenvolvimento e Operacionalização da Investigação de Translação (N° do projeto 13853), funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through the Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade (POFC).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable disorder of complex and heterogeneous aetiology. It is primarily characterized by altered cognitive ability including impaired language and communication skills and fundamental deficits in social reciprocity. Despite some notable successes in neuropsychiatric genetics, overall, the high heritability of ASD (~90%) remains poorly explained by common genetic risk variants. However, recent studies suggest that rare genomic variation, in particular copy number variation, may account for a significant proportion of the genetic basis of ASD. We present a large scale analysis to identify candidate genes which may contain low-frequency recessive variation contributing to ASD while taking into account the potential contribution of population differences to the genetic heterogeneity of ASD. Our strategy, homozygous haplotype (HH) mapping, aims to detect homozygous segments of identical haplotype structure that are shared at a higher frequency amongst ASD patients compared to parental controls. The analysis was performed on 1,402 Autism Genome Project trios genotyped for 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified 25 known and 1,218 novel ASD candidate genes in the discovery analysis including CADM2, ABHD14A, CHRFAM7A, GRIK2, GRM3, EPHA3, FGF10, KCND2, PDZK1, IMMP2L and FOXP2. Furthermore, 10 of the previously reported ASD genes and 300 of the novel candidates identified in the discovery analysis were replicated in an independent sample of 1,182 trios. Our results demonstrate that regions of HH are significantly enriched for previously reported ASD candidate genes and the observed association is independent of gene size (odds ratio 2.10). Our findings highlight the applicability of HH mapping in complex disorders such as ASD and offer an alternative approach to the analysis of genome-wide association data