Artificial intelligence and its impact on the domains of universal health coverage, health emergencies and health promotion: An overview of systematic reviews

[EN] Background: Artificial intelligence is fueling a new revolution in medicine and in the healthcare sector. Despite the growing evidence on the benefits of artificial intelligence there are several aspects that limit the measure of its impact in people & rsquo;s health. It is necessary to assess the current status on the application of AI towards the improvement of people's health in the domains defined by WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13) and the European Programme of Work (EPW), to inform about trends, gaps, opportunities, and challenges. Objective: To perform a systematic overview of systematic reviews on the application of artificial intelligence in the people's health domains as defined in the GPW13 and provide a comprehensive and updated map on the application specialties of artificial intelligence in terms of methodologies, algorithms, data sources, outcomes, predictors, performance, and methodological quality. Methods: A systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and IEEEXplore was conducted between January 2015 and June 2021 to collect systematic reviews using a combination of keywords related to the domains of universal health coverage, health emergencies protection, and better health and wellbeing as defined by the WHO's PGW13 and EPW. Eligibility criteria was based on methodological quality and the inclusion of practical implementation of artificial intelligence. Records were classified and labeled using ICD-11 categories into the domains of the GPW13. Descriptors related to the area of implementation, type of modeling, data entities, outcomes and implementation on care delivery were extracted using a structured form and methodological aspects of the included reviews studies was assessed using the AMSTAR checklist. Results: The search strategy resulted in the screening of 815 systematic reviews from which 203 were assessed for eligibility and 129 were included in the review. The most predominant domain for artificial intelligence applications was Universal Health Coverage (N=98) followed by Health Emergencies (N=16) and Better Health and Wellbeing (N=15). Neoplasms area on Universal Health Coverage was the disease area featuring most of the applications (21.7%, N=28). The reviews featured analytics primarily over both public and private data sources (67.44%, N=87). The most used type of data was medical imaging (31.8%, N=41) and predictors based on regions of interest and clinical data. The most prominent subdomain of Artificial Intelligence was Machine Learning (43.4%, N=56), in which Support Vector Machine method was predominant (20.9%, N=27). Regarding the purpose, the application of Artificial Intelligence I is focused on the prediction of the diseases (36.4%, N=47). (...)Martinez-Millana, A.; Saez-Saez, A.; Tornero-Costa, R.; Azzopardi-Muscat, N.; Traver Salcedo, V.; Novillo-Ortiz, D. (2022). Artificial intelligence and its impact on the domains of universal health coverage, health emergencies and health promotion: An overview of systematic reviews. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 166:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.10485511216

Hybrid approach of discrete event simulation integrated with location search algorithm in a cells assignment problem: a case study

[EN] This paper presents a case study describing a cell assignment problem in an assembly facility. These cells receive parts from external suppliers, and sort and sequence these parts to feed the final assembly line. Therefore, to each cell are associated important inbound and outbound flows generating hundreds of material handling equipment movements along the facility, impacting the traffic density and causing eventually safety issues in the plant. Following an important plant redesign, cells have been relocated, and the plant managers need to decide how to manage the new logistic flows. To that aim, a hybrid approach encompassing mathematical optimization and discrete event simulation (DES) is proposed. This approach allows us to reduce complexity by decomposing the design into two phases. The first phase deals with the problem of generating cell¿s assignment alternatives by using a heuristic method to find good quality solutions. Then, a DES software is used to dynamically evaluate the performance of the solutions with respect to operational features such as traffic congestion and intensity. This second phase provides interesting managerial insights on the manufacturing system from both quantitative and qualitative aspects related to in-plant safety and traffic.Saez-Mas, A.; García Sabater, JJ.; García Sabater, JP.; Maheut, J. (2020). Hybrid approach of discrete event simulation integrated with location search algorithm in a cells assignment problem: a case study. Central European Journal of Operations Research. 28(1):125-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-018-0548-5S125142281Anjos MF, Vieira MVC (2017) Mathematical optimization approaches for facility layout problems: the state-of-the-art and future research directions. Eur J Oper Res 261(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.01.049Battini D, Boysen N, Emde S (2013) Just-in-time supermarkets for part supply in the automobile industry. J Manag Control 24(2):209–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-012-0154-yBenjaafar S (2002) Modeling and analysis of congestion in the design of facility layouts. Manag Sci 48(5):679–704. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.5.679.7800Board TR (2010) Highway capacity manual. Environmental ProtectionBoysen N, Emde S, Hoeck M, Kauderer M (2015) Part logistics in the automotive industry: decision problems, literature review and research agenda. Eur J Oper Res 242(1):107–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.09.065Caputo AC, Pelagagge PM, Salini P (2015) Modeling errors in kitting processes for assembly lines feeding. IFAC Proc Vol (IFAC PapersOnline) 48(3):338–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.104Centobelli P, Cerchione R, Murino T (2016) Layout and material flow optimization in digital factory. 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J Ind Prod Eng 32(1):55–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2014.1000403Hasda RK, Bhattacharjya RK, Bennis F (2016) Modified genetic algorithms for solving facility layout problems. Int J Interact Des Manuf (IJIDeM) 11(3):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-016-0362-zImran M, Kang C, Hae Lee Y, Zaib J, Aziz H (2017) Cell formation in a cellular manufacturing system using simulation integrated hybrid genetic algorithm. Comput Ind Eng 105:123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2016.12.028Iqbal M, Hashmi MSJ (2001) Design and analysis of a virtual factory layout. J Mater Process Technol 118(1–3):403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00908-6Jainury SM, Ramli R, Ab Rahman MN, Omar A (2014) Integrated Set Parts Supply system in a mixed-model assembly line. Comput Ind Eng 75(1):266–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2014.07.008Kanduc T, Rodic B (2016) Optimisation of machine layout using a force generated graph algorithm and simulated annealing. Int J Simul Model 15(2):275–287. https://doi.org/10.2507/IJSIMM15(2)7.335Kang J (2001) A new trend of parts supply system in Korean automobile industry; the case of the modular production system at Hyundai Motor Company. In: Proceedings of the fifth Russian-Korean international symposium on science and technology, 2001. KORUS '01. IEEE, Tomsk, Russia, Russia. https://doi.org/10.1109/KORUS.2001.975268Kim J, Yu G, Jang YJ (2016) Semiconductor FAB layout design analysis with 300-mm FAB data: “is minimum distance-based layout design best for semiconductor FAB design?”. Comput Ind Eng 99:330–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2016.02.012Krishnan KK, Jithavech I, Liao H (2009) Mitigation of risk in facility layout design for single and multi-period problems. Int J Prod Res 47(21):5911–5940. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540802175337Ku M-Y, Hu MH, Wang M-J (2011) Simulated annealing based parallel genetic algorithm for facility layout problem. Int J Prod Res 49(6):1801–1812. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207541003645789Kulturel-Konak S (2017) A matheuristic approach for solving the dynamic facility layout a matheuristic approach for problem solving the dynamic facility layout problem. Proc Comput Sci 108(June):1374–1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.234Leveson N (2004) A new accident model for engineering safer systems. Saf Sci 42(4):237–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00047-XNegahban A, Smith JS (2014) Simulation for manufacturing system design and operation: literature review and analysis. J Manuf Syst 33(2):241–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2013.12.007Prajapat N, Tiwari A (2017) A review of assembly optimisation applications using discrete event simulation. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 30(2–3):215–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2016.1145812Saez-Mas A, Garcia-Sabater JP, Morant-Llorca J (2018) Using 4-layer architecture to simulate product and information flows in manufacturing. Int J Simul Model 17(1):30–41. https://doi.org/10.2507/IJSIMM17(1)408Seebacher G, Winkler H, Oberegger B (2015) In-plant logistics efficiency valuation using discrete event simulation. Int J Simul Model 14:60–70. https://doi.org/10.2507/IJSIMM14(1)6.289Singh RR, Sharma SPK (2006) A review of different approaches to the facility layout problems. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 30(5–6):425–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-005-0087-9Tompkins J, White J, Bozer Y, Tanchoco J (2003) Facilities planning. Wiley, New YorkTugnoli A, Khan F, Amyotte P, Cozzani V (2008) Safety assessment in plant layout design using indexing approach: implementing inherent safety perspective. Part 1—guideword applicability and method description. J Hazard Mater 160(1):100–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.089Zhang M, Batta R, Nagi R (2009) Modeling of workflow congestion and optimization of flow routing in a manufacturing/warehouse facility. 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Using 4-layer architecture to simulate product and information flows in manufacturing systems

[EN] This work illustrates the application of novel simulation architecture with two case studies where the proposed architecture, the so-called 4-layer, allowed us to address the complexity of the analysed systems. The fundamental objective of this work is to show the structure of layers, how layers interact with one another and with the user, and what benefits this separation proposes. The first case study deals with moving car bodies from the paint plant to the assembly line through a sequencing system that involves distributed decision-making processes in an ASRS. The second case study focuses on analysing a layout of a section used to assemble the engine and transmission set, where the quality of the material flow is evaluated. The work highlights some of the advantages of modelling with 4-layer architecture, and explains the key processes that connect different elementsSaez-Mas, A.; García Sabater, JP.; Morant -Llorca, J. (2018). Using 4-layer architecture to simulate product and information flows in manufacturing systems. International Journal of Simulation Modelling. 17(1):30-41. https://doi.org/10.2507/IJSIMM17(1)408S304117

Semen Quality and Sperm Function Loss by Hypercholesterolemic Diet Was Recovered by Addition of Olive Oil to Diet in Rabbit

Fat increment (0.05% cholesterol, chol) in standard diet promoted a significant increase in serum and sperm membrane chol, which ultimately altered membrane-coupled sperm specific functions: osmotic resistance, acrosomal reaction, and sperm capacitation in White New Zealand rabbits. These changes were also associated with a reduction in motility percentage and appearance of abnormal sperm morphology. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary olive oil (OO, 7% v/w) administration to several male hypercholesterolemic rabbits (hypercholesterolemic rabbits, HCR) with altered fertility parameters. These HCR males were achieved by feeding normal rabbits with a high-fat diet (0.05% chol). HCR were associated with a modest non-significant increase in body weight (standard diet, 4.08±0.17 Kg, versus high-fat diet, 4.37±0.24 Kg). Hypercholesterolemic rabbits presented a marked decrease in semen volume, sperm cell count, and percentage of sperm motility, associated with a significant increase in sperm cell abnormalities. Moreover, sperm capacitation measured by the characteristic phosphorylated protein pattern in and induced acrosomal reaction were also altered suggesting sperm dysfunction. However, the administration of OO (for 16 weeks) to rabbits that were fed with 50% of the high-fat diet normalized serum chol. Curiously, OO supply succeeded to attenuate the seminal and sperm alterations observed in HCR group. Administration of OO alone did not cause any significant changes in above mentioned parameters. These data suggest that OO administration to HCR male rabbits recovers the loss of semen quality and sperm functionality.Fil: Saez Lancellotti, Tania Emilce Estefania. Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina;Fil: Boarelli, Paola Vanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina; Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina;Fil: Romero, Aida Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina;Fil: Funes, Abi Karenina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina;Fil: Cid Barria, Macarena. Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina;Fil: Cabrillana, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina; Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina;Fil: Monclus, Maria de Los Angeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina; Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina;Fil: Simón, Layla Yamila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina;Fil: Vincenti, Amanda Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina;Fil: Fornes, Miguel Walter. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología de Mendoza; Argentina; Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina

Comparison of seven prognostic tools to identify low-risk pulmonary embolism in patients aged <50 years

publishersversionPeer reviewe

Directed assembly of optoelectronically active alkyl-<i>π</i>-conjugated molecules by adding <i>n</i>-alkanes or <i>π</i>-conjugated species

Supramolecular assembly can yield ordered structures by taking advantage of the cumulative effect of multiple non-covalent interactions between adjacent molecules. The thermodynamic origin of many self-assembled structures in water is the balance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments of the molecule. Here, we show that this approach can be generalized to use solvophobic and solvophilic segments of fully hydrophobic alkylated fullerene molecules. Addition of n-alkanes results in their assembly--due to the antipathy of C60 towards n-alkanes--into micelles and hexagonally packed gel-fibres containing insulated C60 nanowires. The addition of pristine C60 instead directs the assembly into lamellar mesophases by increasing the proportion of π-conjugated material in the mixture. The assembled structures contain a large fraction of optoelectronically active material and exhibit comparably high photoconductivities. This method is shown to be applicable to several alkyl-π-conjugated molecules, and can be used to construct organized functional materials with π-conjugated sections

Hybrid approach of discrete event simulation integrated with location search algorithm in a cells assignment problem: a case study

Hybrid approach of discrete event simulation integrated with location search algorithm in a cells assignment problem: a case stud

Hybrid approach of discrete event simulation integrated with location search algorithm in a cells assignment problem: a case study

Hybrid approach of discrete event simulation integrated with location search algorithm in a cells assignment problem: a case stud

Redesigning the in-plant supply logistics: A case study

[EN] This paper addresses the redesign of an industrial assembly facility's internal logistics. To this end, it proposes a mathematical formulation that optimizes the components and parts' flow to feed the different workstations of the production lines. This flow of components starts at the reception docks where suppliers' trucks arrive. Components unloaded from trucks are moved to one or several storage areas by means of adequate handling equipment. Finally, components are transported to demand point located along the assembly line when required. Numerical results produced by the mathematical formulation for the studied plant show that savings of almost 33% in the total distribution time might be achieved by a better assignment of suppliers to reception docks and parts to storage areas, and by adequately choosing the capacity of the material handling equipment.The work described in this paper has been partially supported by the project "Hiperheuristico Lenitivo de la Variabilidad del Entorno Industrial en la Programacion de Produccion del Lote Econonimo GVA/2017/008" by the Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte of the Generalitat Valenciana within the Program "Proyectos de I+D+I para grupos de investigacion emergentes". We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their valuable comments and suggestions.Saez-Mas, A.; García Sabater, JP.; García Sabater, JJ.; Ruiz, A. (2020). Redesigning the in-plant supply logistics: A case study. 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Drp1 modulates mitochondrial stress responses to mitotic arrest

Antimitotic drugs are extensively used in the clinics to treat different types of cancer. They can retain cells in a prolonged mitotic arrest imposing two major fates, mitotic slippage, or mitotic cell death. While the former is molecularly well characterized, the mechanisms that control mitotic cell death remain poorly understood. Here, we performed quantitative proteomics of HeLa cells under mitotic arrest induced with paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizer drug, to identify regulators of such cell fate decision. We identified alterations in several apoptosis-related proteins, among which the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 presented increased levels. We found that Drp1 depletion during prolonged mitotic arrest led to strong mitochondrial depolarization and faster mitotic cell death as well as enhanced mitophagy, a mechanism to remove damaged mitochondria. Our findings support a new role of Drp1 in orchestrating the cellular stress responses during mitosis, where mitochondrial function and distribution into the daughter cells need to be coordinated with cell fate. This novel function of Drp1 in the cell cycle becomes best visible under conditions of prolonged mitotic arrest