Gestar no SUS: entre humanização, autonomia e maternidades socialmente amparadas / Gestar no SUS: between humanization, autonomy and socially supported maternities

A aproximação com a temática Mulheres e Gestação surgiu logo que iniciamos nossa atuação enquanto Residentes em Saúde da Família e Comunidade. Demandas de caráter multiprofissionais em torno do pré-natal, parto e puerpério, que de maneira geral englobam os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres, se tornaram campo de atuação coletiva em saúde. Este trabalho relata nossa experiência diante da construção de uma proposta de linha de cuidado que evidenciasse a importância da atenção integral à saúde da mulher no período gravídico-puerperal. Como pontos centrais do nosso percurso metodológico, destacamos a realização de rodas de conversas com temas os disparadores “segurança no parto”, “humanização do atendimento” e “integralidade da atenção”, visita institucional para conhecer equipamentos da rede materno-infantil do município de execução da residência e oficina de construção do plano de parto. Estes caminhos percorridos evidenciaram a urgência que temos em ultrapassar o déficit quanto a socialização das informações de saúde e dos direitos no âmbito materno-infantil, realidade que se expressa estruturalmente, também, devido a uma visão fragmentada da mulher apenas como reprodutora de novos corpos

Monosodium urate crystals promote innate anti-mycobacterial immunity and improve BCG efficacy as a vaccine against tuberculosis

A safer and more effective anti-Tuberculosis vaccine is still an urgent need. We probed the effects of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) on innate immunity to improve the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Results showed that in vitro MSU cause an enduring macrophage stimulation of the anti-mycobacterial response, measured as intracellular killing, ROS production and phagolysosome maturation. The contribution of MSU to anti-mycobacterial activity was also shown in vivo. Mice vaccinated in the presence of MSU showed a lower number of BCG in lymph nodes draining the vaccine inoculation site, in comparison to mice vaccinated without MSU. Lastly, we showed that MSU improved the efficacy of BCG vaccination in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), measured in terms of lung and spleen MTB burden. These results demonstrate that the use of MSU as adjuvant may represent a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of BCG vaccination

Using the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa to inform decision-making

The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) is an important tool for biological invasion policy and management and has been adopted as an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) standard to measure the severity of environmental impacts caused by organisms living outside their native ranges. EICAT has already been incorporated into some national and local decision-making procedures, making it a particularly relevant resource for addressing the impact of non-native species. Recently, some of the underlying conceptual principles of EICAT, particularly those related to the use of the precautionary approach, have been challenged. Although still relatively new, guidelines for the application and interpretation of EICAT will be periodically revisited by the IUCN community, based on scientific evidence, to improve the process. Some of the criticisms recently raised are based on subjectively selected assumptions that cannot be generalized and may harm global efforts to manage biological invasions. EICAT adopts a precautionary principle by considering a species’ impact history elsewhere because some taxa have traits that can make them inherently more harmful. Furthermore, non-native species are often important drivers of biodiversity loss even in the presence of other pressures. Ignoring the precautionary principle when tackling the impacts of non-native species has led to devastating consequences for human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystems, as well as poor management outcomes, and thus to significant economic costs. EICAT is a relevant tool because it supports prioritization and management of non-native species and meeting and monitoring progress toward the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) Target 6

A importância do diagnóstico precoce da endometriose: revisão de literatura

Introduction: Endometriosis is a complex and challenging gynecological condition that affects millions of women worldwide. Characterized by the abnormal growth of tissue similar to the endometrium outside the uterus, this condition can cause a wide range of symptoms, from intense pelvic pain to reproductive complications, including infertility. Methodology: A literature review was conducted covering the period from September 2009 to November 2023, focusing on the early diagnosis of endometriosis and its impacts on fertility. The research was carried out in the PubMed database using specific MeSH descriptors, including "Early Diagnosis," "Endometriosis," and "Fertility." Result: Early diagnosis of endometriosis is essential to provide affected women with the opportunity to manage the condition, alleviate symptoms, preserve fertility, and prevent future complications. A holistic approach, involving awareness, education, and medical intervention, is crucial to improving the quality of life for women affected by this condition. Conclusion: The importance of the early diagnosis of endometriosis transcends the boundaries of the medical sphere, permeating crucial aspects of the quality of life, emotional well-being, and reproductive health of affected women. The often underestimated complexity of this condition underscores the pressing need for proactive approaches in identifying and managing symptoms.Introdução: A endometriose é uma condição ginecológica complexa e desafiadora que afeta milhões de mulheres em todo o mundo. Caracterizada pelo crescimento anormal de tecido semelhante ao endométrio fora do útero, essa condição pode causar uma ampla gama de sintomas, desde dor pélvica intensa até complicações reprodutivas, incluindo infertilidade. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura abrangendo o período de setembro de 2009 a novembro de 2023, com foco no diagnóstico precoce da endometriose e seus impactos na fertilidade. A pesquisa foi conduzida no banco de dados PubMed, utilizando descritores MeSH específicos, incluindo "Early Diagnosis", "Endometriosis" e "Fertility"..Resultado: o diagnóstico precoce da endometriose é essencial para oferecer às mulheres afetadas a oportunidade de controlar a condição, aliviar os sintomas, preservar a fertilidade e prevenir complicações futuras. Uma abordagem holística, envolvendo conscientização, educação e intervenção médica, é crucial para melhorar a qualidade de vida das mulheres afetadas por essa condição solicitada. Conclusão: A importância do diagnóstico precoce da endometriose transcende os limites da esfera médica, permeando aspectos cruciais da qualidade de vida, bem-estar emocional e reprodutivo das mulheres afetadas. A complexidade dessa condição, muitas vezes subestimada, ressalta a necessidade premente de abordagens proativas na identificação e manejo dos sintomas

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Human Fungal Pathogens Causing Paracoccidioidomycosis

Paracoccidioides is a fungal pathogen and the cause of paracoccidioidomycosis, a health-threatening human systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. Infection by Paracoccidioides, a dimorphic fungus in the order Onygenales, is coupled with a thermally regulated transition from a soil-dwelling filamentous form to a yeast-like pathogenic form. To better understand the genetic basis of growth and pathogenicity in Paracoccidioides, we sequenced the genomes of two strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb03 and Pb18) and one strain of Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01). These genomes range in size from 29.1 Mb to 32.9 Mb and encode 7,610 to 8,130 genes. To enable genetic studies, we mapped 94% of the P. brasiliensis Pb18 assembly onto five chromosomes. We characterized gene family content across Onygenales and related fungi, and within Paracoccidioides we found expansions of the fungal-specific kinase family FunK1. Additionally, the Onygenales have lost many genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and fewer genes involved in protein metabolism, resulting in a higher ratio of proteases to carbohydrate active enzymes in the Onygenales than their relatives. To determine if gene content correlated with growth on different substrates, we screened the non-pathogenic onygenale Uncinocarpus reesii, which has orthologs for 91% of Paracoccidioides metabolic genes, for growth on 190 carbon sources. U. reesii showed growth on a limited range of carbohydrates, primarily basic plant sugars and cell wall components; this suggests that Onygenales, including dimorphic fungi, can degrade cellulosic plant material in the soil. In addition, U. reesii grew on gelatin and a wide range of dipeptides and amino acids, indicating a preference for proteinaceous growth substrates over carbohydrates, which may enable these fungi to also degrade animal biomass. These capabilities for degrading plant and animal substrates suggest a duality in lifestyle that could enable pathogenic species of Onygenales to transfer from soil to animal hosts.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services (contract HHSN266200400001C)National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services(contract HHSN2722009000018C)Brazil. National Council for Scientific and Technological Developmen