Pengembangan Kelas Virtual Berbasis Moodle untuk Memfasilitasi Efektivitas Pembelajaran Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk tujuan (1) Mengembangkan kelas virtual berbasis moodle yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar (2) Mengetahui efektifitas dari penggunaan kelas virtual berbasis moodle pada pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Sedangkan Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Pengujian materi kepada ahli materi didapatkan skor 4,00 (kategori baik) dan pengujian media kepada ahli media didapatkan skor   3,94  (kategori baik). Sementara itu, untuk pengujian kepada siswa yang dilakukan secara acak diperoleh skor 3,80 (kategori baik). 2) Perolehan skor rata-rata pada pretest sebesar 67,81 dan posttest sebesar 76,41. Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat  kenaikan atau selisih (gain) sebesar 8,60. Sehingga dapat dijelaskan dari hasil pengujian alfa dan beta  serta melihat efektifitas produk dapat disimpulkan produk layak dan efektif digunakan untuk pembelajaran.Abstract: This study aims to (1) develop moodle-based virtual classes that can be used in elementary school learning (2) determine the effectiveness of using moodle-based virtual classes in elementary school learning. The method in this research is the method of research and development (R&D). While the results of this study are (1) testing of material to material experts got a score of 4.00 (good category) and media testing to media experts got a score of 3.94 (good category). Meanwhile, for the randomized testing of students, a score of 3.80 was obtained (good category). 2) The average score for the pretest is 67.81 and the posttest is 76.41. This shows that there is an increase or difference (gain) of 8.60. So that it can be explained from the results of alpha and beta testing and seeing the effectiveness of the product, it can be concluded that the product is feasible and effectively used for learning

Fundamentals of quittance and responsibility in case of committing an error in Shiite Jurisprudence

Saving patients' lives is an important duty for physicians. Regardless of the level of a physician’s skills, there is always a possibility of damage or loss in patients’ life. In jurisprudence, there is a dispute as to whether a physician is responsible if he commits medical mistakes in the course of treatment. Some scholars believe that a physician is always responsible for damages related to his professional mistakes whether he has obtained permission or not. They base their arguments on the generality of the related narrations of ajir (hired) and juridical rules such as Itlaf (destruction), Tasbib (causing damages), La darar (denegation of harmfulness) and Qorur (deception). On the other hand, some others believe that physicians are never responsible for such damages. They base their arguments on the Ihsan (beneficence) rule and Bara’ah (quittance) principle. They argue that physicians have not undertaken achieving the improvement result and they are merely responsible for treatment of the patients. According to Bara’ah principle, physicians could be released from such responsibility. In other words, they are always responsible unless they obtain quittance from their patients. This argument is based on the general rules of al-osr wal-haraj (denegation of hardships) in the society along with Sokuni’s narration. In addition, the necessity of commitment to conditions is another reason for this argument. Exploring the grounds of responsibility (al-ziman) and the grounds for their release from al-ziman the latter argument proves to be more acceptable. Therefore physicians should obtain permission from the patients or their guardians before taking medical actions and also the veterinary should obtain quittance from the owner of animal. Theses evidences are stronger and they are not responsible after obtaining quittance. Keywords Physician, responsibility, quittance, permission, rule, isqat, talaf, ihsan, ibra

Authentication of electronic evidence in cybercrime cases based on Malaysian laws

Electronic evidence is one of the many forms of documentary evidence. It is stored and retrievable from electronic devices such as computers and smartphones, particularly in the their hard disks or memory banks. However, due to the fragile nature of electronic evidences, it is prone or susceptible to damage or alteration, as well as destruction due to improper handling or safe keeping. Since it can easily be tampered with or self-deteriorate,establishing the authenticity and reliability of electronic evidence is a technical task. Meanwhile, states of affairs would cause such electronic evidence to be inadmissible or carries low or no weightage whatsoever by the court, thus undermining the prosecution’s or the plaintiff’s case, as the case may be. In order to ensure such evidence is admissible and carry the expected weightage, relevant parties must first prove the authenticity of such evidence and subsequently on its reliability and relevancy. Nevertheless, in cybercrime cases, proving the crime is actually a technical challenge, where the responsible personnel are required to understand what is electronic evidence, how to extract and preserve the originality of such evidence and the laws governing electronic evidence, as well as cybercrimes. This article attempts to explain the scope of electronic evidence in relation to criminal cases such as in cybercrimes, as far as its admissibility and weightage are concerned. The discussion will be based on Malaysian and common laws

Constructing a Computerized Instructional Program Based on The Integration Between Stylistic Approach and Interactive - Digital Poem, and Measuring its Effect on Improving Literary Texts Analysis Skills Among 10th Basic Grade Students

This study aimed at Construct a computerized educational program based on the integration between the stylistic approach and interactive-digital poem and measuring its effect on improving literary text analysis skills for tenth grade students. The participants of the study were (60) males from tenth grade students from a public school in Irbid. The study used quasi-experimental design for equivalent two groups which included an experimental group (30), and control group (30). The program was used to teach the experimental group. Then, pre –posttest was used to measure the six skills of literary texts analysis. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences attributed to the computerized educational program. The study recommended the need to develop awareness of the importance of computerized educational programs, the stylistic approach and its levels, the interactive-digital poem and its components, and methods of its application for teaching literary texts

Shigellosis Outbreak in Al Batinah South Governorate, Oman : Case-control study

 Objectives: An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to Shigella flexneri occurred in August 2012 in the catchment area of the Wadi Sahtan Health Center in Rustaq, Al Batinah South Governorate, Oman. The aim of this study was to discover possible causes of this outbreak in the villages of Fassa, Rogh and Amk and to measure the risk of exposure among cases and controls. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in September 2012 in Fassa, Rogh and Amk. All households in the three villages were interviewed. Case and control households were compared to determine possible exposure avenues, including place of residence, source of drinking water, hand hygiene levels and practices related to drinking water, food preparation and environmental sanitation. Results: Residing in Fassa (P <0.0001; odds ratio [OR] = 4.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.22–10.63) and average hand hygiene practices (P = 0.008; OR = 13.97, 95% CI = 1.58–123.36) were associated with an increased risk of contracting shigellosis. No significant differences were found with regards to the other exposure avenues. Conclusion: This was the first study conducted in Oman regarding an outbreak of shigellosis in a community setting. The only variables that significantly impacted the risk of acute gastroenteritis were residing in Fassa and average hand hygiene practices. The source of the outbreak could not be identified. However, septic tank sanitation and water and food consumption practices were not satisfactory in the studied villages. These need to be addressed to prevent similar outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in this region in the future

Validation of an Arabic tool for assessing vaccination literacy: A factor and Rasch analysis

Vaccine literacy is a significant part of health literacy. Although several tools have been developed to assess vaccine literacy, such tools are lacking in Arabic. Validating an Arabic version of a tool that evaluates vaccine literacy is critically important, as it would aid in understanding the decision-making process regarding vaccinations among individuals in Arabic-speaking countries. Therefore, the current study aimed to validate an Arabic tool for assessing vaccine literacy in adult vaccination. An online questionnaire was distributed to people throughout Jordan by sharing the questionnaire link via various social media platforms. The reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the vaccination literacy assessment tool (HLVa-Ar) were evaluated using factor analysis and Rasch analyses. The two-factor model generated fit indices were in the acceptable range (χ2/df = 2.48, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.05, GFI =0.94, CFI = 0.97, and TLI =0.96). Cronbach’s alpha for functional Vaccination literacy (VL) and interactive/critical VL were 0.91 and 0.88 respectively. The Rasch analysis indicated acceptable infit/outfit values and high item and person separation reliabilities for the two factors (0.852, 0.868, and 0.771, 0.818 respectively). Overall, the 420 participants displayed a good understanding of the general benefits and importance of vaccination. The HLVa-Ar was shown to be a valid and reliable tool that portrayed a wide range of vaccination literacy levels in the studied sample and provided valuable insights into participants’ vaccination knowledge. The findings emphasize the need for developing targeted strategies to improve vaccination literacy and increase vaccination rates

Rigor: An Essentiality in Qualitative Research

Type: Lette

Keunikan Metadologi Hafazan al-Quran Deobandy dari India

There are several methods to memorize the Qur’an in Malaysia. These methods have been studied and adopted by the huffaz. The methods of memorizing the Qur’an is an important matter to ensure that students can memorize and remember the Qur’an as soon as possible after they become Hafiz al-Qur'an. Method of memorization is the basic technique in memorizing the Qur’an. However different techniques and approaches in each method will give a different impact on the quality of memorization. There are many methods of memorization in Malaysia are imported from foreign countries and among them is the Deobandy method from India. Deobandy method has some unique and special privilege compare to other method. Deobandy method adopted a few techniques such as memorizing preparation, sabak, para sabak, ammokhtar, halaqah dauri and so on

Making cheaper labor: Domestic outsourcing and development in the Galilee

Middle Eastern Studie

Role of the repeat expansion size in predicting age of onset and severity in RFC1 disease

RFC1 disease, caused by biallelic repeat expansion in RFC1, is clinically heterogeneous in terms of age of onset, disease progression and phenotype. We investigated the role of the repeat size in influencing clinical variables in RFC1 disease. We also assessed the presence and role of meiotic and somatic instability of the repeat. In this study, we identified 553 patients carrying biallelic RFC1 expansions and measured the repeat expansion size in 392 cases. Pearson’s coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between the repeat size and age at disease onset. A Cox model with robust cluster standard errors was adopted to describe the effect of repeat size on age at disease onset, on age at onset of each individual symptoms, and on disease progression. A quasi-Poisson regression model was used to analyse the relationship between phenotype and repeat size. We performed multivariate linear regression to assess the association of the repeat size with the degree of cerebellar atrophy. Meiotic stability was assessed by Southern blotting on first-degree relatives of 27 probands. Finally, somatic instability was investigated by optical genome mapping on cerebellar and frontal cortex and unaffected peripheral tissue from four post-mortem cases. A larger repeat size of both smaller and larger allele was associated with an earlier age at neurological onset [smaller allele hazard ratio (HR) = 2.06, P < 0.001; larger allele HR = 1.53, P < 0.001] and with a higher hazard of developing disabling symptoms, such as dysarthria or dysphagia (smaller allele HR = 3.40, P < 0.001; larger allele HR = 1.71, P = 0.002) or loss of independent walking (smaller allele HR = 2.78, P < 0.001; larger allele HR = 1.60; P < 0.001) earlier in disease course. Patients with more complex phenotypes carried larger expansions [smaller allele: complex neuropathy rate ratio (RR) = 1.30, P = 0.003; cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) RR = 1.34, P < 0.001; larger allele: complex neuropathy RR = 1.33, P = 0.008; CANVAS RR = 1.31, P = 0.009]. Furthermore, larger repeat expansions in the smaller allele were associated with more pronounced cerebellar vermis atrophy (lobules I–V β = −1.06, P < 0.001; lobules VI–VII β = −0.34, P = 0.005). The repeat did not show significant instability during vertical transmission and across different tissues and brain regions. RFC1 repeat size, particularly of the smaller allele, is one of the determinants of variability in RFC1 disease and represents a key prognostic factor to predict disease onset, phenotype and severity. Assessing the repeat size is warranted as part of the diagnostic test for RFC1 expansion