Populações de afídeos em trigo: efeitos da época do ano, cultivar e tratamento de sementes.

ResumoODS 2

Pragas da cultura do trigo.

Larvas de solo (Diloboderus abderus, Phyllophaga triticophaga, Cyclocephala flavipennis, Pantomorus spp., Conoderus scalaris, Acrolophus sp., Diabrotica speciosa); Afídeos (Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Sipha flava, Sipha maydis); Lagartas desfolhadoras (Spodoptera frugiperda, Mythimna sequax, Mythimna adultera); Percevejos (Diceraeus furcatus, Diceraeus melacanthus, Nezara viridula, Thyanta perditor, Collaria scenica); Brocas (Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Diatraea saccharalis, Listronotus bonariensis, Diabrotica speciosa); Outras pragasTambém disponível na versão impressa

Solar and Interplanetary Turbulence: Lagrangian Coherent Structures

Talk delivered in 22nd EGU General Assembly, held online 4-8 May, 2020, id.4289, https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-4289.html.-- https://www.egu2020.eu/The dynamics of solar and interplanetary plasmas is governed by coherent structures such as current sheets and magnetic flux ropes which are responsible for the genesis of intermittent turbulence via magnetic reconnections in solar supergranular junctions, solar coronal loops, the shock-sheath region of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection, and the interface region of two interplanetary magnetic flux ropes. Lagrangian coherent structures provide a new powerful technique to detect time- or space-dependent transport barriers, and objective (i.e., frame invariant) kinematic and magnetic vortices in space plasma turbulence. We discuss the basic concepts of Lagrangian coherent structures in plasmas based on the computation of the finite-time Lyapunov exponent, the Lagrangian averaged vorticity deviation and the integrated averaged current deviation, as well as their applications to numerical simulations of MHD turbulence and space and ground observations.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation SEV-2017-070

Fifth European Dirofilaria and Angiostrongylus Days (FiEDAD) 2016

Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Lagrangian chaotic saddles and objective vortices in solar plasmas

We report observational evidence of Lagrangian chaotic saddles in plasmas, given by the intersections of finite-time unstable and stable manifolds, using an approximate to 22h sequence of spacecraft images of the horizontal velocity field of solar photosphere. A set of 29 persistent objective vortices with lifetimes varying from 28.5 to 298.3 min are detected by computing the Lagrangian averaged vorticity deviation. The unstable manifold of the Lagrangian chaotic saddles computed for approximate to 11h exhibits twisted folding motions indicative of recurring vortices in a magnetic mixed-polarity region. We show that the persistent objective vortices are formed in the gap regions of Lagrangian chaotic saddles at supergranular junctions. ©2020 American Physical SocietyThis work was supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES No. 88882.316962/2019-01 and No. 88881.309066/2018-01, Brazil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil), NASA Contract No. NNM07AA01C [Solar-B (Hinode) Focal Plane Package Phase E], Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (No. RTI2018-096886-B-C51, Spain), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), and Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa Award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (No. SEV-2017-0709, Spain).Peer reviewe

Intensification of magnetic field in merging magnetic flux tubes driven by supergranular vortical flows

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The spatiotemporal dynamics of vorticity and magnetic field in the region of a photospheric vortex at a supergranular junction of the quiet Sun is studied, using Hinode’s continuum intensity images and longitudinal magnetograms. We show that in a 30-min interval during the vortex lifetime, the magnetic field is intensified at the centres of two merging magnetic flux tubes trapped inside the vortex boundary. Moreover, we show that the electric current density is intensified at the interface boundary layers of merging tubes, resulting from strong vortical downflows in a supergranular vertex. Evidence of Lagrangian chaos and vortex stretching in the photospheric plasma turbulence responsible for driving the intensification of magnetic fields is analysed. In particular, we report the first solar observation of the intensification of electromagnetic energy flux resulting from the merger of magnetic flux tubes. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.The data used here were acquired in the framework of the Hinode Operation Plan 151 ‘Flux replacement in the solar network and internetwork’. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as a domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Financial support by the State Agency for Research of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through grant RTI2018-096886-B-C5 (including FEDER funds) and through a Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award to Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) is gratefully acknowledged. SSAS is grateful to Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) grant ST/V000977/1, and The Royal Society, International Exchanges Scheme, collaboration with Brazil (IES191114). MG was supported by NASA contract NNM07AA01C (Solar-B (Hinode) Focal Plane Package Phase E). ELR acknowledges Brazilian agency CNPq (Grant 306920/2020-4) for the financial support.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewe