103 research outputs found
Acreditación de la educación superior en la región de Asia y el Pacífico
La garantía de la calida en la educación superior se ha convertido en una de las preocupaciones principales tanto de los países desarrollados como de los países en vías de desarrollo de la región de Asia y el Pacífico. En la mayoría de los países de la región la garantía externa de la calidad es de origen relativamente reciente. En estas iniciativas, el término garantía de la calidad es utilizado para denominar diferentes prácticas y su responsabilidad se ejerce a través de varias modalidades.Peer Reviewe
Community Health Worker Certification Program - Motivational Interview, Advocacy, Communication and Conflict Resolution
Background: Rural population accounts for 15% of the population in the United States of America. Rural residents have a higher risk of health disparities than urban populations. The significant health inequities in the underprivileged population include a higher incidence of chronic diseases, lack of access to healthy foods, health care, health insurance, unhealthy eating habits, poor socioeconomic status, cultural and language barriers, and lack of health literacy.
Problem: The population in Fresno and Tulare County in Central Valley, California, is underprivileged, lacks access to proper health care and has higher rates of health disparities. The Save the Children organization’s Community Health Workers (CHWs) serve these counties. Context: Save the Children (STC) is a global organization collaborating with the University of San Francisco, developing a curriculum to educate community health workers (CHWs) in Fresno, Tulare County, in California. Proposed Interventions: Curriculum and five teaching modules will be developed in a free canvas platform with topics including Motivational interviewing, Advocacy, Communication skills and conflict resolution. Each teaching module will include learning objectives, roleplays, and case studies to solve. Proposed Outcome Measures: The study participants\u27 confidence level, knowledge, and competency will be evaluated with a five-point Likert scale survey before and after each teaching session. Additionally, a qualitative survey about the effectiveness of the teaching program and periodical feedback will be received before and after this program
Introducing Motivational Interviewing Skills to Community Health Workers
Abstract
Background: Rural population accounts for 15% of the population in the United States of America. Rural residents have a higher risk of health disparities than urban populations. The significant health inequities in the underprivileged population include a higher incidence of chronic diseases, lack of access to healthy foods, unhealthy eating habits, lack of access to health care, poor socioeconomic status, lack of health insurance, cultural and language barriers, and lack of health literacy. Local Problem: The population in Fresno and Tulare Counties in Central Valley, California is underprivileged, lacks access to proper health care and has higher rates of health disparities. The Save the Children organization’s Community Health Workers (CHWs) work in these counties. Methods: An integrated literature review was conducted searching the databases, resulting in eleven studies of various levels and strengths. Interventions: Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based communication skill which helps alleviate ambivalence associated with behavior change and enhance healthy lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, reduce substance abuse and unhealthy eating habits. Literature suggests that the use of MI skills has been proven effective in changing high risk behaviors in the community. Educating the CHWs in MI would aid in improving healthy behaviors. Results: This integrated literature review reveals with strong and compelling evidence that CHWs trained in MI promote healthy behaviors in the community. Conclusions: It is evident from the literature that the rural populations, especially Latinx, have poor health outcomes and face several health inequalities compared to the urban population. Improving healthy behaviors in rural areas is proven effective with the MI help. Therefore, using competent CHWs trained in the use of MI would be beneficial in impacting community behavior change, resulting in improved health outcomes in rural areas
Staphylococcus aureus induces tolerance in human monocytes accompanied with expression changes of cell surface markers
Exposure of human monocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) induces a temporary insensitivity to subsequent LPS challenges, a cellular state called endotoxin tolerance (ET), associated with the pathogenesis of sepsis. In this study, we aimed to characterize the cellular state of human monocytes from healthy donors stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to TLR2-specific ligands. We analyzed S. aureus induced gene expression changes after 2 and 24 hours by amplicon sequencing (RNA-AmpliSeq) and compared the pro-inflammatory response after 2 hours with the response in re-stimulation experiments. In parallel, glycoprotein expression changes in human monocytes after 24 hours of S. aureus stimulation were analyzed by proteomics and compared to stimulation experiments with TLR2 ligands Malp-2 and Pam3Cys and TLR4 ligand LPS. Finally, we analyzed peripheral blood monocytes of patients with S. aureus bloodstream infection for their ex vivo inflammatory responses towards S. aureus stimulation and their glycoprotein expression profiles. Our results demonstrate that monocytes from healthy donors stimulated with S. aureus and TLR ligands of Gram-positive bacteria entered the tolerant cell state after activation similar to LPS treatment. In particular reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1β) and chemokines (CCL20, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL8) could be demonstrated. Glycoprotein expression changes in monocytes tolerized by the different TLR agonists were highly similar while S. aureus -stimulated monocytes shared some of the PAMP-induced changes but also exhibited a distinct expression profile. 11 glycoproteins (CD44, CD274, DSC2, ICAM1, LAMP3, LILRB1, PTGS2, SLC1A3, CR1, FGL2, and HP) were similarly up- or downregulated in all four comparisons in the tolerant cell state. Monocytes from patients with S. aureus bacteremia revealed preserved pro-inflammatory responsiveness to S. aureus stimulation ex vivo, expressed increased CD44 mRNA but no other glycoprotein of the tolerance signature was differentially expressed
Nanocrystalline silicon thin films on PEN substrates
We study the structural and electrical properties of intrinsic layer growth close to the transition between amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H), deposited on glass and PEN without intentional heating. These samples showed different behaviour in Raman shift and XRD spectra when compared with that of samples deposited at 200 °C. Electrical properties of these films also reflect the transition between a-Si:H and nc-Si:H, and put in evidence some differences between the microstructure of the films grown on PEN and on glass. P- and n-doped layers were deposited onto glass substrate without intentional heating and at 100 °C with thicknesses ranging from 1000 nm to 35 nm. Conductivity measurements indicate the capability of doping this material, but, for very thin layers, substrate heating was found to be essential
An update on the mosquito fauna and mosquito-borne diseases distribution in Cameroon
The expansion of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya in the past 15 years has ignited the need for active surveillance of common and neglected mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The surveillance should be designed to detect diseases and to provide relevant field-based data for developing and implementing effective control measures to prevent outbreaks before significant public health consequences can occur. Mosquitoes are important vectors of human and animal pathogens, and knowledge on their biodiversity and distribution in the Afrotropical region is needed for the development of evidence-based vector control strategies. Following a comprehensive literature search, an inventory of the diversity and distribution of mosquitoes as well as the different mosquito-borne diseases found in Cameroon was made. A total of 290 publications/reports and the mosquito catalogue website were consulted for the review. To date, about 307 species, four subspecies and one putative new species of Culicidae, comprising 60 species and one putative new species of Anopheles, 67 species and two subspecies of Culex, 77 species and one subspecies of Aedes, 31 species and one subspecies of Eretmapodites, two Mansonia, eight Coquillettidia, and 62 species with unknown medical and veterinary importance (Toxorhynchites, Uranotaenia, Mimomyia, Malaya, Hodgesia, Ficalbia, Orthopodomyia, Aedeomyia, and Culiseta and Lutzia) have been collected in Cameroon. Multiple mosquito species implicated in the transmission of pathogens within Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Eretmapodites, Mansonia, and Coquillettidia have been reported in Cameroon. Furthermore, the presence of 26 human and zoonotic arboviral diseases, one helminthic disease, and two protozoal diseases has been reported. Information on the bionomics, taxonomy, and distribution of mosquito species will be useful for the development of integrated vector management programmes for the surveillance and elimination of mosquito-borne diseases in Cameroon
Swift XRT and VLT Observations of the Afterglow of GRB 041223
The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer, launched on 2004 November 20, is a
multiwavelength, autonomous, rapid-slewing observatory for gamma-ray burst
(GRB) astronomy. On 2004 December 23, during the activation phase of the
mission, the Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT) was pointed at a burst discovered
earlier that day by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A fading, uncataloged
X-ray source was discovered by the XRT and was observed over a period of about
3 hours, beginning 4.6 hours after the burst. The X-ray detection triggered a
VLT observation of the optical/NIR counterpart, located about 1.1 arcseconds
from the XRT position. The X-ray counterpart faded rapidly, with a power law
index of -1.72 +/- 0.20. The average unabsorbed X-ray flux 4.6-7.9 hours after
the burst was 6.5 x 10^{-12} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1} in the 0.5-10 keV band, for a
power-law spectrum of photon index 2.02 +/- 0.13 with Galactic absorption. The
NIR counterpart was observed at three epochs between 16 and 87 hours after the
burst, and faded with a power-law index of -1.14 +/- 0.08 with a
reddening-corrected SED power-law slope of -0.40 +/- 0.03. We find that the
X-ray and NIR data are consistent with a two-component jet in a wind medium,
with an early jet break in the narrow component and an underlying electron
index of 1.8-2.0.Comment: 16 pages, including 4 figures. Accepted by Astrophysical Journal
(Letters) on 15 February 200
- …