Response of Epidendrum Ibaguense (orchidaceae) to the application of lime rates to the pot

In the best cultivation methods of orchids, in particular of the genus Phalaenopsis, liming is a common practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of lime rates (0.0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; and 5.0 g dm-3 of substrate) applied to the cultivation substrate (xaxim) on the growth of Epidendrum ibaguense seedlings. In a greenhouse, 1-L plastic pots filled with 0.8 dm³ of xaxim were irrigated such that no leachate was lost during the experiment. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, B, and Mn contents in roots, stems and leaves were measured. Leachate was collected by applying a sufficient water volume to obtain 25 mL from each pot. Fourteen days after lime application of 3 g dm-3, the pH of the collected leachate reached values above 7 and a value of 6.29 with the highest lime rate at the end of the experiment. The lime rate did not influence plant height, probably due to a Zn deficiency at high pH levels and a Ca deficiency in the control. Nevertheless, there was a large increase in leaf production, for number as well as for dry matter mass. There was no statistical difference between treatments in root dry matter production. Maximum dry matter production was obtained at a lime rate of 4.09 g dm-3. Zinc concentrations diminished linearly with increasing lime rates; the concentrations in all treatments were below the levels suggested as adequate in the literature (25-200 mg kg-1). Nutrient concentrations in leaves indicated deficiency of N, S, and B at the highest lime rates (4.0 and 5.0 g dm-3), and of Ca in the treatment without liming.Nos melhores cultivos de orquídeas é comum o uso de calcário, de modo particular daquelas do gênero Phalaenopsis. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de doses de calcário (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 g dm-3 de substrato) aplicadas sobre o substrato de cultivo (xaxim) no crescimento de mudas de Epidendrum ibaguense. Foram utilizados vasos plásticos de 1 L preenchidos com 0,8 dm³ de xaxim em casa de vegetação, com irrigação controlada, de forma que não ocorressem perdas por lixiviação de nutrientes durante a condução do experimento. Foram determinados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, B e Mn em ra��zes, caules e folhas. Foi coletado um lixiviado a partir da aplicação de um volume de água suficiente para a coleta de 25 mL de cada vaso. Aos 14 dias após aplicação das doses de calcário, o pH do lixiviado coletado atingiu valores superiores a 7, a partir da dose de 3 g dm-3, e apresentou valor de 6,29 para a maior dose de calcário no final do experimento. Não houve influência das doses de calcário na altura das plantas, provavelmente devido à deficiência de Zn em valores de pH elevados e à deficiência de Ca na testemunha. Todavia, houve grande incremento na produção de folhas, tanto para número quanto para massa de matéria seca. Não houve diferença estatística para produção de matéria seca de raízes entre os tratamentos. A produção de matéria seca de folhas foi máxima com a aplicação de 4,09 g dm-3 do calcário. Os teores de Zn diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da dose de calcário; todos os tratamentos apresentaram teores abaixo daqueles considerados adequados pela literatura (25-200 mg kg-1). Os teores dos nutrientes analisados demonstraram deficiências foliares de N, S e B para as maiores doses de calcário (4 e 5 g dm-3) e de Ca no tratamento que não recebeu calcário

Geofungos no Córrego do Sapateiro, Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

No Córrego do Sapateiro, situado no Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera, na cidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, amostras de água (50 mL) na profundidade de 10 centímetros foram coletadas em locais antes (local 1) e depois (local 2) da estação de tratamento de flotação, durante os meses da estação chuvosa e quente (janeiro, fevereiro e março) e da estação seca e fria (junho, julho e agosto) de 2008. Além disso, a temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade e pH da água foram medidos com um equipamento Horiba U10. Coliformes totais e fecais foram analisados com o kit Aquatest®. A partir de cada amostra de água, alíquotas de 1 mL foram inoculadas em meio batata-dextrose-ágar, totalizando 10 placas de Petri para cada local de coleta. Após incubação por 10 dias a 22 ºC, as colônias fúngicas foram quantificadas, purificadas e identificadas. Os parâmetros abióticos da água não foram limitantes para a presença de geofungos, sendo influenciados pelo tratamento de flotação. Nos dois locais o número de coliformes totais e fecais foi predominantemente superior a 8 NMP dL-1 durante o período estudado. Vinte e sete táxons de fungos foram obtidos, distribuídos em 136 ocorrências. de acordo com o índice de similaridade de Sörensen, a micota dos dois locais coletados foram consideravelmente diferentes, apesar da semelhança entre o número de táxons e ocorrências. Os resultados indicam que o tratamento da água do Córrego do Sapateiro pelo sistema de flotação possivelmente causa modificações na composição taxonômica e na quantidade de UFC de fungos, ao contrário do que ocorreu com os coliformes totais e fecais, cujos resultados apresentaram-se menos conclusivos.Water samples (50 mL) at 10 cm depth were collected from two sites (1 and 2), before and after flotation water treatment, during the rainy hot season (January, February, and March) and the dry cold season (June, July, and August) of 2008 in Córrego do Sapateiro at the Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo State Brazil. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH of the water were measured with a U10 Horiba equipment. Total and fecal coliforms were analyzed with an Aquatest® kit. Aliquots of 1 mL from each water sample were inoculated on potato-dextrose agar medium, totalizing 10 Petri dishes for each collection site. Colonies were quantified after incubation for 10 days at 22 ºC and then purified for identification. Water abiotic parameters did not limit the development of geofungi; however, they were influenced by the flotation treatment. Fecal and total number of coliforms were predominantly higher than 8 NMP dL-1 during the studied periods at the two sites. Twenty-seven fungal taxa, distributed in 136 occurences were obtained. According to Sörensen Similarity Index, the mycobiota of the two simpled sites were considerably different, despite the resemblance between the number of taxa and occurrences. The results indicate that treatment of water from Córrego do Sapateiro flotation system possibly causes changes in taxonomic composition and quantity of fungi CFU, whereas the total and fecal coliform results were less conclusive.Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Bioquímica e MicrobiologiaInstituto de Botânica Núcleo de Pesquisas em MicologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologi

Status Report Of The Schenberg Gravitational Wave Antenna

Here we present a status report of the Schenberg antenna. In the past three years it has gone to a radical upgrading operation, in which we have been installing a 1K pot dilution refrigerator, cabling and amplifiers for nine transducer circuits, designing a new suspension and vibration isolation system for the microstrip antennas, and developing a full set of new transducers, microstrip antennas, and oscillators. We are also studying an innovative approach, which could transform Schenberg into a broadband gravitational wave detector.3631Aguiar, O.D., (2002) Class. Quantum Grav., 19, p. 1949Aguiar, O.D., (2004) Class. Quantum Grav., 21, pp. S457Aguiar, O.D., (2005) Class. Quantum Grav., 22, pp. S209Aguiar, O.D., (2006) Class. Quantum Grav., 23, pp. S239Aguiar, O.D., (2008) Class. Quantum Grav., 25, p. 114042Costa, C.A., (2008) Class. Quantum Grav., 25, p. 184002Johnson, W.W., Merkowitz, S.M., (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, p. 2367Coccia, E., Lobo, J.A., Ortega, J.A., (1995) Phys. Rev. D, 52, p. 3735Thorne, K.S., (1978) Phys. Rev. Lett., 40, p. 667Tobar, M.E., Ivanov, E.N., Blair, D.G., (2000) Gen. Rel. Grav., 32, p. 1799De Waard, (2005) Class. Quantum Grav., 22, pp. S215Vinet, J.-Y., (2010) Research in Astron Astrophys., 10, p. 956Costa, C.A., Aguiar, O.D., Magalhães, N.S., (2004) Class. Quantum Grav., 21, pp. S827Forward, R.L., (1971) Gen. Rel. Grav., 2, p. 149Eardley, D.M., Lee, D.L., Lightman, A.P., Wagoner, R.V., Will, C.M., (1973) Phys. Rev. Lett., 30, p. 884Bianchi, M., Coccia, E., Colacino, C.N., Fafone, V., Fucito, F., (1996) Class. Quantum Grav., 13, p. 2865Andrade, L.A., (2009) Microwave and Optical Tech. Lett., 51, p. 1120Furtado, S.R., (2012), in preparationIvanov, E.N., Hartnett, J.G., Tobar, M.E., (2000) IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr., 47, p. 1526Pimentel, G.L., (2008) J. Phys. Conf. Series, 122, p. 012028Aguiar, (2009) Int. J. Modern Phys. D, 18, p. 2317Furtado, S.R., (2009), Ph.D. Thesis at INPE, not publishedBraginsky, V.B., Vorontsov, Y.I., Thorne, K.S., (1980) Science, 209, p. 547Thorne, K.S., The Quantum Limit for Gravitational-Wave Detectors and Methods of Circumventing It (1979) Sources of Gravitational Waves, p. 49. , ed. L L Smarr, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, US

Beam-energy Dependence Of Charge Balance Functions From Au + Au Collisions At Energies Available At The Bnl Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Balance functions have been measured in terms of relative pseudorapidity (Δη) for charged particle pairs at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider from Au + Au collisions at sNN=7.7GeV to 200 GeV using the STAR detector. These results are compared with balance functions measured at the CERN Large Hadron Collider from Pb + Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The width of the balance function decreases as the collisions become more central and as the beam energy is increased. In contrast, the widths of the balance functions calculated using shuffled events show little dependence on centrality or beam energy and are larger than the observed widths. Balance function widths calculated using events generated by UrQMD are wider than the measured widths in central collisions and show little centrality dependence. The measured widths of the balance functions in central collisions are consistent with the delayed hadronization of a deconfined quark gluon plasma (QGP). The narrowing of the balance function in central collisions at sNN=7.7 GeV implies that a QGP is still being created at this relatively low energy. © 2016 American Physical Society.942CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian FederationMOE, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of ChinaMOST, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of ChinaNRF-2012004024, National Research FoundationNSF, National Stroke FoundationConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq