An Empirical Evaluation of the Cost and Effectiveness of Structural Testing Criteria for Concurrent Programs

AbstractConcurrent program testing is not a trivial task. Features like nondeterminism, communication and synchronization impose new challenges that must be considered during the testing activity. Some initiatives have proposed testing approaches for concurrent programs, in which different paradigms and programming languages are considered. However, in general, these contributions do not present a well-formed experimental study to validate their ideas. The problem is that the data used and generated during the validation is not always available, hampering the replication of studies in the context of other testing approaches. This paper presents an experimental study, taking into account the concepts of the Experimental Software En- gineering to evaluate the cost, effectiveness and strength of the structural testing criteria for message-passing programs. The evaluation was conducted considering a benchmark composed of eight MPI programs. A set of eight structural testing criteria defined for message-passing programs was evaluated with the ValiMPI testing tool, which provides the support required to apply the investigated testing criteria. The results indicate the complementary aspect of the criteria and the information about cost and effectiveness has contributed to the establishment of an incremental testing strategy to apply the criteria. All material generated during the experimental study is available for further comparisons

Mass Parameterizations and Predictions of Isotopic Observables

We discuss the accuracy of mass models for extrapolating to very asymmetric nuclei and the impact of such extrapolations on the predictions of isotopic observables in multifragmentation. We obtain improved mass predictions by incorporating measured masses and extrapolating to unmeasured masses with a mass formula that includes surface symmetry and Coulomb terms. We find that using accurate masses has a significant impact on the predicted isotopic observables.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Papillomas And Carcinomas Of The Choroid Plexus: Histological And Immunohistochemical Studies And Comparison With Normal Fetal Choroid Plexus

Background: Choroid plexus tumors are rare. Results on immunohistochemical features are scanty and controversial even regarding normal plexus. Method: Thirteen cases of choroid plexus tumors and five samples of normal fetal choroid plexus were submitted to immunohistochemical study using a panel of epithelial, neuronal and stromal markers. Results/Conclusions: Relevant histological findings were presence of clear cells in 3/5 papillomas (PP) and 7/8 carcinomas (CA) and all 5 fetal plexuses; rhabdoid cells, desmoplasia and vascular proliferation were found respectively in 3, 4 and 5 cases out of 6 poorly differentiated CA and were absent in PP and well differentiated CA. Pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 was strongly positive in all 13 cases, even in the undifferentiated component of poorly differentiated CA, where reactivity was focal in 3 and diffuse in 3 cases. Low molecular weight cytokeratin (35βH11) was not expressed in any of the 8 CA, but was present in all 5 PP. In 4 of 6 poorly differentiated CA there was reactivity for smooth muscle actin (1A4) in 10 to 30% of the cells. This was true also for one case lacking rhabdoid cells. Laminin was undetectable in all 6 cases of poorly differentiated CA but was present in 4 PP and 2 well differentiated CA. All 5 fetal plexuses expressed GFAP.623 A600607Pianetti, G., Fonseca, L.F., Tumores do plexo coróideo (1998) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 56, pp. 223-231Pencalet, P., Sainte-Rose, C., Lellouch-Tubiana, A., Papillomas and carcinomas of the choroid plexus in children (1998) J Neurosurg, 88, pp. 521-528Lynch, J.C., Moraes, G.P., Duarte, F., Xantogranuloma do plexo coróide (1988) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 46, pp. 191-194Aguiar, M.F.M., Cavalcanti, M., Barbosa, H., Vilela, S.L., Mendonça, J.L., Horta, E., Síndrome de Aicardi e papiloma do plexo coróide: Uma associação rara (1996) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 54, pp. 313-317Filho, P.G., Fonseca, L.F., Suva, M.C., Choroid plexus papilloma and Aicardi syndrome: Case report (2002) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 60, pp. 1008-1010Matsushima, T., Choroid plexus papillomas and human choroid plexus, a light and electron microscopic study (1983) J Neurosurg, 59, pp. 1054-1062Marrazzoni, D.R., Barbosa-Coutinho, L.M., Plexos coróides: Estudo histopatológico em diferentes faixas etärias (1986) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 44, pp. 341-350Kasper, M., Goertchen, R., Stosiek, P., Perry, G., Karsten, U., Coexistence of cytokeratin, vimentin and neurofilament protein in human choroid plexus: An immunohistochemical study of intermediate filaments in neuroepithelial tissues (1986) Virchows Arch A, 410, pp. 173-177Miettinen, M., Clark, R., Virtanen, I., Intermediate filament proteins in choroid plexus and ependyma and their tumors (1986) Am J Pathol, 123, pp. 231-240Doglioni, C., Dell'Orto, P., Coggi, G., Iuzzolino, P., Bontempini, L., Viale, G., Choroid plexus tumors: An imunocytochemical study with particular reference to the coexpression of intermediate filament proteins (1987) Am J Pathol, 127, pp. 519-529Felix, I., Phudhichareonrat, S., Halliday, W.C., Becker, L.E., Choroid plexus tumors in children: Immunohistochemical and scanning-electron-microscopic features (1987) Pediat Neurosci, 13, pp. 263-269Gabrion, J., Peraldi, S., Faivre-Bauman, A., Characterization of ependymal cells in hypothalamic and choroidal primary cultures (1988) Neuroscience, 24, pp. 993-1007Kouno, M., Kumanishi, T., Washiyama, K., Sekiguchi, K., Saito, T., Tanaka, R., An immunohistochemical study of cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in choroid plexus papilloma (1988) Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 75, pp. 317-320Cruz-Sanchez, F.F., Rossi, M.L., Hughes, J.T., Coakham, H.B., Figols, J., Eynaud, P.M., Choroid plexus papillomas: An immunohistological study of 16 cases (1989) Histopathology, 15, pp. 61-69Sarnat, H.B., Regional differentiation of the human fetal ependyma: Immunocytochemical markers (1992) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 51, pp. 58-75Rubinstein, L.J., Brucher, J.M., Focal ependymal differentiation in choroid plexus papillomas: An immunoperoxidase study (1981) Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 53, pp. 29-33Taratuto, A.L., Molina, H., Monges, J., Choroid plexus tumors in infancy and childhood: Focal ependymal differentiation. An immunoperoxidase study (1983) Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 59, pp. 304-308Mannoji, H., Becker, L.E., Ependymal and choroid plexus tumors. Cytokeratin and GFAP expression (1988) Cancer, 61, pp. 1377-1385Furness, P.N., Lowe, J., Tarrant, G.S., Subepithelial basement membrane deposition and intermediate filament coexpression in choroid plexus neoplasms and ependymomas (1990) Histopathology, 16, pp. 251-255Herbert, J., Cavallaro, T., Dwork, A.J., A marker for primary choroid plexus neoplasms (1990) Am J Pathol, 136, pp. 1317-1325Newbould, M.J., Kelsey, A.M., Arango, J.C., Ironside, J.W., Birch, J., The choroid plexus carcinomas of childhood: Histopathology, immunocytochemistry and clinicopathological correlations (1995) Histopathology, 26, pp. 137-143Rorke, L.B., Packer, R.J., Biegel, J.A., Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of infancy and childhood (1995) J Neurooncol, 24, pp. 21-28Rorke, L.B., Packer, R.J., Biegel, J.A., Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of infancy and childhood: Definition of an entity (1996) J Neurosurg, 85, pp. 56-65Burger, P.C., ATT of the CNS: A highly malignant tumor of infancy and childhood frequently mistaken for medulloblastoma (1998) Am J Surg Pathol, 22, pp. 1083-1092Oka, H., Scheithauer, B.W., Clinicopathological characteristics of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (1999) Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 39, pp. 510-518Kleihues, P., Cavenee, W.K., (2000) Tumours of Central Nervous System, Pathology & Genetics, , Lyon: WHO, IARCWyatt-Ashmead, J., Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B., Mierau, G.W., Choroid plexus carcinomas and rhabdoid tumors: Phenotypic and genotypic overlap (2001) Pediatr Dev Pathol, 4, pp. 545-549Russell, D.S., Rubinstein, L.J., (1989) Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous System. 5. Ed., , London: ArnoldSreenan, J.J., Prayson, R.A., Gliosarcoma: A study of 13 tumors, including p53 and CD34 immunohistochemistrty (1997) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 121, pp. 129-133Gessi, M., Giangaspero, F., Pietsch, T., Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors and choroid plexus tumors: When genetics "surprise" pathology (2003) Brain Pathol, 13, pp. 409-414Lopes, M.B., Rosemberg, S., Almeida, P.C., Pestana, C.B., Glial fibrillary acidic protein and cytokeratin in choroid plexus tumors: An immunohistochemical study (1989) Pathol Res Pract, 185, pp. 339-341Jay, V., Ho, M., Chan, F., Malkin, D., p53 expression in choroid plexus neoplasms: An immunohistochemical study (1996) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 120, pp. 1061-1065Carlotti Jr., C.G., Salhia, B., Weitzman, S., Evaluation of proliferative index and cell cycle protein expression in choroid plexus tumors in children (2002) Acta Neuropathol, 103, pp. 1-10Ohgaki, H., Eibl, R.H., Schwab, M., Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in neoplasms of the human nervous system (1993) Mol Carcinog, 8, pp. 74-8

Isotopic composition of fragments in multifragmentation of very large nuclear systems: effects of the chemical equilibrium

Studies on the isospin of fragments resulting from the disassembly of highly excited large thermal-like nuclear emitting sources, formed in the ^{197}Au + ^{197}Au reaction at 35 MeV/nucleon beam energy, are presented. Two different decay systems (the quasiprojectile formed in midperipheral reactions and the unique source coming from the incomplete fusion of projectile and target in the most central collisions) were considered; these emitting sources have the same initial N/Z ratio and excitation energy (E^* ~= 5--6 MeV/nucleon), but different size. Their charge yields and isotopic content of the fragments show different distributions. It is observed that the neutron content of intermediate mass fragments increases with the size of the source. These evidences are consistent with chemical equilibrium reached in the systems. This fact is confirmed by the analysis with the statistical multifragmentation model.Comment: 9 pages, 4 ps figure

Hidrogenionic potential (pH) of the attractant, trap density and control threshold for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: tephritidae) on Hamlin oranges in São Paulo central region, Brazil

This study evaluated the effect of initial pH values of 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 of the attractant (protein bait) Milhocina® and borax (sodium borate) in the feld, on the capture of fruit flies in McPhail traps, using 1, 2, 4 and 8 traps per hectare, in order to estimate control thresholds in a Hamlin orange grove in the central region of the state of São Paulo. The most abundant fruit fly species was Ceratitis capitata, comprising almost 99% of the fruit flies captured, of which 80% were females. The largest captures of C. capitata were found in traps baited with Milhocina® and borax at pH 8.5. Captures per trap for the four densities were similar, indicating that the population can be estimated with one trap per hectare in areas with high populations. It was found positive relationships between captures of C. capitata and the number of Hamlin oranges damaged, 2 and 3 weeks after capture. It was obtained equations that correlate captures and damage levels which can be used to estimate control thresholds. The average loss caused in Hamlin orange fruits by C. capitata was 2.5 tons per hectare or 7.5% of production.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: avaliar o efeito do pH inicial, 4.5; 6.5 e 8.5, do atrativo proteico Milhocina® e bórax (tetraborato de sódio) na captura de moscas-das-frutas em armadilhas McPhail; estudar densidades de armadilhas, 1; 2; 4 e 8 por hectare, para estimar níveis de controle em laranja cv. Hamlin, na região central de São Paulo. A espécie predominante, com 99% das moscas-das-frutas capturadas, foi Ceratitis capitata, sendo 80% de fêmeas. As maiores capturas de C. capitata ocorreram nas armadilhas com Milhocina® e bórax em pH 8.5. As capturas, nas 4 densidades, foram semelhantes, indicando que a população pode ser estimada com uma armadilha por hectare em áreas de altas populações. Houve relações positivas entre capturas de C. capitata e o número de frutos danificados, 2 e 3 semanas após a captura. Assim, foram obtidas equações que relacionam a captura e o dano, possibilitando estimar níveis de controle desse inseto. As perdas médias causadas por C. capitata em laranja cv. Hamlin chegaram a 2,5 toneladas de frutos por hectare ou 7,5% da produção.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Melanoma Ganglionic Metastasis 30 Years After Treatment Of The Primary Tumor--a Case Report.

The recurrence of melanoma in patients is well-documented, and is dependent on a number of factors. We report a case in which a patient had a case of ganglionar metastasis in the neck after a 30-year disease-free interval following primary treatment.11421131113

Development and method validation for determination of 128 pesticides in bananas by modified QuEChERS and UHPLC–MS/MS analysis

AbstractA multiresidue method for the quantification of 128 pesticides in banana is described. It involves the application of a modified QuEChERS procedure followed by UHPLC–MS/MS (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry) analysis. The method was validated according to the European Union SANCO/12495/2011 guidelines and Brazilian Manual of Analytical Quality Assurance. The validation levels were 10.0; 25.0; 50.0 and 100 μg kg−1. Acceptable values were obtained for the following parameters: linearity, limit of detection – LOD (5.00 μg kg−1) and limit of quantification – LOQ (10.0 μg kg−1), except for fenamiphos and mevinphos (LOD = 7.5 μg kg−1 and LOQ = 25 μg kg−1), trueness (for the levels: 10.0, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 μg kg−1 the recovery assays values were between 70 and 120%) except for methamidophos at 10 μg kg−1 level (67.5%), intermediate precision (<20.0%) and measurement uncertainty tests (<50.0%). These results demonstrate the applicability of this method in the routine practice by the laboratories of Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of Brazil that attend the National Control Plan for Residues and Contaminants (PNCRC)

Comparisons of Statistical Multifragmentation and Evaporation Models for Heavy Ion Collisions

The results from ten statistical multifragmentation models have been compared with each other using selected experimental observables. Even though details in any single observable may differ, the general trends among models are similar. Thus these models and similar ones are very good in providing important physics insights especially for general properties of the primary fragments and the multifragmentation process. Mean values and ratios of observables are also less sensitive to individual differences in the models. In addition to multifragmentation models, we have compared results from five commonly used evaporation codes. The fluctuations in isotope yield ratios are found to be a good indicator to evaluate the sequential decay implementation in the code. The systems and the observables studied here can be used as benchmarks for the development of statistical multifragmentation models and evaporation codes.Comment: To appear on Euorpean Physics Journal A as part of the Topical Volume "Dynamics and Thermodynamics with Nuclear Degrees of Freedo