Bond strength of adhesive resin cement with different adhesive systems

To assess the immediate bond strength of a dual-cure adhesive resin cement to the hybridized dentin with different bonding systems. Fifty-six healthy human molars were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=8). After 3 longitudinal sections, the central cuts were included in PVC matrix and were submitted to dentin hybridization according to the groups: G1 - etch & rinse system with 3-step (Apder™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE), G2 - etch & rinse system with 3-step (Optibond™ FL, Kerr), G3 - etch & rinse system with 3-step (All-Bond 3®, Bisco), G4 - etch & rinse simplified system (Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE), G5 - self-etching system with one step (Bond Force, Tokuyama), G6 - universal system in moist dentin (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE), G7 - universal system in dry dentin (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE). Then all groups received the cementing of a self-adhesive resin cement cylinder (Duo-link, Bisco) made from a polypropylene matrix. In the evaluation of bond strength, the samples were subjected to the microshear test and evaluated according to the fracture pattern by optical microscopy. The Kruskal-Wallis test suggests a statistically significant difference between groups (p=0,039), and Tukey for multiple comparisons, indicating a statistically significant difference between G3 and G4 (p<0.05). It was verified high prevalence of adhesive failures, followed by mixed failure and cohesive in dentin. The technique and the system used to dentin hybridization are able to affect the immediate bond strength of resin cement dual adhesive

Does hybridized dentin affect bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement?

Background: Evaluate the influence of different hybridization bonding techniques of a self-adhesive resin cement. Material and Methods: 30 human health molars were divided into six groups (n=10). The specimens received three longitudinal sections, allowing insertion of central cuts in PVC matrices. Each group received a different dentin pretreatment according to the manufacturerâ s recommendations, except the control group (G1), as follows. G2 - a 3-step total-etch adhesive system (Optibondâ ¢ FL, Kerr); G3 - a 3-step total-etch adhesive system (Adperâ ¢ Scotchbondâ ¢ Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE); G4 - a 2-step total-etch adhesive system (Adperâ ¢ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE); G5 - a single-step self-etching system (Bond Force, Tokuyama); and G6 - universal bonding system (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE). Then, cylinders made of self-adhesive resin cement with polypropylene matrix was cemented in all groups (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE). Bond strength was assessed by submitting the specimens to micro-shear test and was characterized according to the fracture pattern observed through optical microscopy. Results: The results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, which indicated a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.04), and Tukeyâ s multiple comparisons, which indicated a statistically significant difference between G1 and G3 (p<0.05). The microscopic analysis revealed a high prevalence of adhesive failures, followed by mixed fractures, and cohesive failures in the dentin. Conclusions: The use of a previous dentin hybridization protocol is able to increase adhesive bonding resistance of self-adhesive resin cement, especially when used Adperâ ¢ Scotchbondâ ¢ Multi-Purpose system

Wizard CD Plus and ProTaper Universal: analysis of apical transportation using new software

OBJECTIVE: This study has two aims: 1) to evaluate the apical transportation of the Wizard CD Plus and ProTaper Universal after preparation of simulated root canals; 2) to compare, with Adobe Photoshop, the ability of a new software (Regeemy) in superposing and subtracting images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty five simulated root canals in acrylic-resin blocks (with 20º curvature) underwent cone beam computed tomography before and after preparation with the rotary systems (70 kVp, 4 mA, 10 s and with the 8×8 cm FoV selection). Canals were prepared up to F2 (ProTaper) and 24.04 (Wizard CD Plus) instruments and the working length was established to 15 mm. The tomographic images were imported into iCAT Vision software and CorelDraw for standardization. The superposition of pre- and post-instrumentation images from both systems was performed using Regeemy and Adobe Photoshop. The apical transportation was measured in millimetres using Image J. Five acrylic resin blocks were used to validate the superposition achieved by the software. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to evaluate the apical transportation achieved by the rotary systems using each software individually. Student's t-test for paired samples was used to compare the ability of each software in superposing and subtracting images from one rotary system per time. RESULTS: The values obtained with Regeemy and Adobe Photoshop were similar to rotary systems (P>;0.05). ProTaper Universal and Wizard CD Plus promoted similar apical transportation regardless of the software used for image's superposition and subtraction (P>;0.05). CONCLUSION: Wizard CD Plus and ProTaper Universal promoted little apical transportation. Regeemy consists in a feasible software to superpose and subtract images and appears to be an alternative to Adobe Photoshop

Biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and lateral canal during syringe irrigation at various flow rates:a combined experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics approach

Aim (i) To quantify biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and a lateral canal in an artificial root canal system during syringe irrigation with NaOCl at different concentrations and delivered at various flow rates (ii) to examine whether biofilm removal is further improved by a final high-flow-rate rinse with an inert irrigant following irrigation with NaOCl. (iii) to simulate the irrigant flow in these areas using a computer model (iv) to examine whether the irrigant velocity calculated by the computer model is correlated to biofilm removal. Methodology Ninety-six artificial root canals with either a simulated isthmus or lateral canal were used. A dual-species in vitro biofilm was formed in these areas using a Constant Depth Film Fermenter. NaOCl at various concentrations (2, 5 and 10%) or adhesion buffer (control) was delivered for 30 s by a syringe and an open-ended needle at 0.033, 0.083, or 0.166 mL s(-1) or passively deposited in the main root canal (phase 1). All specimens were subsequently rinsed for 30 s with adhesion buffer at 0.166 mL s(-1) (phase 2). The biofilm was scanned by Optical Coherence Tomography to determine the percentage of the remaining biofilm. Results were analysed by two 3-way mixed-design ANOVAs (alpha = 0.05). A Computational Fluid Dynamics model was used to simulate the irrigant flow inside the artificial root canal system. Results The flow rate during phase 1 and additional irrigation during phase 2 had a significant effect on the percentage of the remaining biofilm in the isthmus (P = 0.004 and P <0.001). Additional irrigation during phase 2 also affected the remaining biofilm in the lateral canal significantly (P 0.05). Irrigant velocity in the isthmus and lateral canal increased with increasing flow rate and it was substantially correlated to biofilm removal from those areas. Conclusions The irrigant flow rate affected biofilm removal in vitro more than NaOCl concentration. Irrigant velocity predicted by the computer model corresponded with the pattern of biofilm removal from the simulated isthmus and lateral canal

Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Evidence shows that metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with a greater risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD) because of the increase in oxidative stress levels along with other factors such as neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, because some studies have reported that MS is associated with a lower risk of PD, the relationship between MS and PD should be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MS on PD. Two authors searched five electronic databases, namely, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Science Direct, for relevant articles between September and October 2020. After screening the title and abstract of all articles, 34 articles were selected for full-text review. Finally, 11 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the study. The quality of articles was critically evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute. Overall, we evaluated data from 23,586,349 individuals (including healthy individuals, with MS and PD) aged 30 years or more. In cohort studies, the follow-up period varied between 2 and 30 years. MS contributed considerably to the increase in the incidence of PD. In addition, obesity, a component of MS, alone can increase the probability of developing neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite few studies on MS and PD, changes in cognitive function and more rapid progression of PD disease has been documented in patients with MS using methods commonly used in research

The Effect of Rush Immunotherapy with House Dust Mite in the Production of IL-5 and IFN-γ from the Peripheral Blood T Cells of Asthmatic Children

Although the mechanisms are unclear, rush immunotherapy (RIT) may be effective to treat allergic diseases. We investigated the long-term modifications of cellular immunity as a mechanism of RIT. The RIT group, included 15 house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized asthmatic children, received RIT only with Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), whereas the control group, consisted of 10 HDM-sensitized asthmatic children, did not receive RIT. The asthma symptom scores and the skin reactivities to Der f were measured. The cellular proliferative responses and intracellular interleukin (IL)-5 and interferon (IFN)-γ productions from peripheral blood T cells were also measured before, 8 weeks and 1 yr after RIT. The symptom scores, skin reactivity to Der f and cellular proliferative responses to Der f were decreased significantly after 8 weeks and maintained until 1 yr of RIT. The IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio of the CD3(+) and CD4(+) cells were increased significantly after 8 weeks and maintained until 1 yr of RIT, while there were no changes in the control group. These data indicate that the continuous functional modification from Th2 to Th1 phenotype of the CD4(+) T cells are developed after RIT in the asthmatic children sensitized with HDM

Psychometric Properties of the Elderly Nursing Core Set

Aim: To assess the psychometric properties of the Elderly Nursing Core Set. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study; convenience sample composed of 427 individuals aged 65 years old or older. Results: Factor analysis of principal components allowed extracting 4 concepts, i.e., Self-Care, Learning and Mental Functions, Communication, and Relationship with Friends and Caregivers, which explained 82.25% of the total variance. Varimax rotation indicated a very good measure of sampling adequacy (KMO = 0.947), with Bartlett’s test of sphericity (X2(300) = 11131.28, p < 0.001) and an excellent Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.963. Conclusion: The Elderly Nursing Core Set exhibits excellent psychometric properties, i.e., consistency, reliability, and internal validity, for which reason it is recommended as a means of determining the nursing care needs of individuals aged 65 years old or older and assessing the outcomes of nursing interventions targeting that population

Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adolescents

This study evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and investigated its association with being overweight in Korean adolescents. Data were obtained from 1,393 students between 12 and 13 yr of age in a cross-sectional survey. We defined the metabolic syndrome using criteria analogous to the Third Report of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) as having at least three of the following: fasting triglycerides ≥100 mg/dL; HDL <50 mg/dL; fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL; waist circumference >75th percentile for age and gender; and systolic blood pressure >90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Weight status was assessed using the age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI), and a BMI ≥85th percentile was classified as overweight. Of the adolescents, 5.5% met the criteria for the metabolic syndrome, and the prevalence increased with weight status; it was 1.6% for normal weight and 22.3% in overweight (p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analyses among adolescents, overweight status was independently associated with the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 17.7; 95% confidence interval, 10.0-31.2). Since childhood metabolic syndrome and obesity likely persist into adulthood, early identification helps target interventions to improve future cardiovascular health

Estratégia Teórico-Prática no Ensino de Enfermagem em Doenças Transmissíveis com o Foco na Vigilância em Saúde

Este relato apresenta a estratégia de ensino teórico-prática para o conteúdo de vigilância em saúde na Disciplina ENS 0425 – Enfermagem em Doenças Transmissíveis com Enfoque em Saúde Coletiva, do curso de bacharelado em Enfermagem, por meio do estágio em unidades de vigilância em saúde localizadas na cidade de São Paulo no ano de 2016. As atividades em campo de estágio tiveram como resultado a produção de relatórios em formato de estudo de caso, tanto no âmbito individual quanto no âmbito populacional de enfrentamento das doenças transmissíveis. A estratégia de ensino pode ser considerada inovadora, porque estimulou o estudante ao desenvolvimento do trabalho articulado com diversos atores envolvidos na vigilância em saúde e ao debate sobre os conceitos de morbidade, letalidade, prevalência e incidência, tendo como ponto de partida a desigualdade territorial das necessidades em saúde com vistas à atuação individual e populacional.This report presents the strategy of theoretical and practical teaching for the content of health surveillance in elective course ENS 0425 – Nursing in Communicable Diseases with a Focus on Collective Health, of the baccalaureate course in Nursing, by means of the internship in localized health surveillance units in the city of São Paulo in 2016. The activities in the field of internships have resulted in the production of reports in a case study format both in the individual and in the population context of coping with communicable diseases. The teaching strategy can be considered innovative because it has stimulated the student to develop the work articulated with several actors involved in health surveillance and the debate on the concepts of morbidity, lethality, prevalence and incidence, starting from the territorial inequality of the needs in health for individual and population performance