14 research outputs found
Territorio, crimen, comunidad. Heterogeneidad del homicidio en Medellín
Este libro se enmarca en el programa de investigación alrededor de la economía política de la periferia, que desde hace una década viene adelantando el CAP de la Universidad EAFIT. El resultado de este esfuerzo ha sido la colección de libros a la que pertenece este texto y que da cuenta de la pertinencia de estudios académicos en torno a las realidades periféricas de la ciudad y la región. Así pues, son seis volúmenes los que hacen parte de la colección: Economía Criminal en Antioquia: Narcotráfico, 2011 Informalidad e ilegalidad en la explotación del ORO y la MADERA en Antioquia, 2012 Economía criminal y poder político, 2013 Oro como fortuna. Instituciones, capital social y gobernanza de la minería aurífera colombiana, 2014 Nuevas modalidades de captación de rentas ilegales en Medellín, 2014 Territorio, crimen, comunidad. Heterogeneidad del homicidio en Medellín, 2015 Estos títulos aportan herramientas académicas que permiten abordar crítica y constructivamente los fenómenos que perfilan la realidad de la ciudad y el país. Además de describir y analizar los hechos, estamos convencidos de que la academia tiene la responsabilidad de señalar alternativas a los procesos de toma de decisiones.Una mirada panorámica al lugar y a los actores -- El contexto de los polígonos del homicidio en Medellín -- Priorización de medidas para la aplicación del plan de Garantías de No Repetición en Medellín -- Una aproximación cuantitativa al homicidio en Medellín -- Aprendizajes y ejercicios de la violencia homicida -- Más allá de las normas de papel y de sangre: Análisis de la incidencia de las reglas formales e informales en la variación del homicidio en los polígonos de Medellín -- Las comunidades conjugan los verbos contener y resistir -- El que no oye consejos, no llega a viejo. Recomendaciones de política pública -- Método para la definición de polígonos de concentración de homicidios en Medellí
Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout
[EN] The link between place and crime is at the base of social ecology theories of crime that focus in the
relationship of the characteristics of geographical areas and crime rates. The broken windows theory
states that visible cues of physical and social disorder in a neighborhood can lead to an increase in more
serious crime. The crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) planning approach seeks to
deter criminal behavior by creating defensible spaces. Based on the premise that a settlement's
appearance is a reflection of the society, we ask whether a neighborhood's design has a quantifiable
imprint when seen from space using urban fabric descriptors computed from very high spatial-resolution
imagery. We tested which land cover, structure and texture descriptors were significantly related to
intra-urban homicide rates in Medellin, Colombia, while controlling for socioeconomic confounders. The
percentage of impervious surfaces other than clay roofs, the fraction of clay roofs to impervious surfaces,
two structure descriptors related to the homogeneity of the urban layout, and the uniformity texture
descriptor were all statistically significant. Areas with higher homicide rates tended to have higher local
variation and less general homogeneity; that is, the urban layouts were more crowded and cluttered,
with small dwellings with different roofing materials located in close proximity to one another, and these
regions often lacked other homogeneous surfaces such as open green spaces, wide roads, or large facilities.
These results seem to be in agreement with the broken windows theory and CPTED in the sense
that more heterogeneous and disordered urban layouts are associated with higher homicide rates.This research was made possible by funding from EAFIT University (EAFIT-435-000060) and the Medellin City Hall EnlazaMundos program. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and Hermilson Velazquez, Andr es Ramírez Hassan and Gustavo Canavire for their insightful observations and suggestions during the different stages of this projectPatiño Quinchía, JE.; Duque, JC.; Pardo Pascual, JE.; Ruiz Fernández, LÁ. (2014). Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout. Applied Geography. 55:48-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.08.016S48605
the Italian Society For The Study Of Connective Tissues (SISC) Meeting, (SISC), Bologna, 20-21 October 2012
The Proceedings of the Italian Society for the Study of Connective Tissues (SISC) Meeting, Bologna, 20-21 October 2012 have been published: download your copy USING THE LINK PROVIDED BELOW.</p
Modelli sperimentali cellulari e molecolari per la valutazione della tossicità di xenobiotici
Dottorato di Ricerca in Biochimica Cellulare ed Attività dei Farmaci in Oncologia, XXVI Ciclo, a.a. 2013The aim of my thesis was to find two different experimental models to study cellular and
molecular xenobiotics toxicity. In the first part of the present work we studied the interaction
between two different plasma membrane transporters (OCTN2 and OCTN1), mercury
reagents and heavy metals. Mercury and heavy metals in general cause toxic effects in many
tissues interacting with protein cysteine (Cys) thiols. Transport systems represent critical
targets of mercurials. Indeed, the majority of transport systems of higher eukaryotes
containseveral Cys residues. One of the most up to date method of studying transport is the
reconstitution of transportersin proteoliposomes. This method has been used as a useful
approach to test the effect of HgCl2, methylmercury(MeHg) and Cadmium on the carnitine
(OCTN2) transporter, extracted from rat kidney brush border membranes and reconstituted in
liposomes by removing the detergent withhydrophobic chromatography columns, and the
human organic cation transporter (OCTN1) overexpressed in E. coli, purified by Ni-chelating
chromatography and reconstituted in liposomes by detergent removal with a batch-wise
procedure.Transport was measured as [3H]carnitine uptake into proteoliposomescontaining
carnitine (antiport reaction) in the case of rat OCTN2 and as [14C]tetraethylammonium uptake in the case of human OCTN1. Mercurials and heavy metals strongly inhibited the transport.
Inhibition was reversed by1,4-dithioerythritol (DTE), L-cysteine (Cys), and N-acetyl-Lcysteine
(NAC) indicating that it was caused by covalent reactionof mercurials and heavy
metals with Cys residue(s) of OCTN2 and OCTN1.The presence of substrate prevented the
inhibition in rat OCTN2 transporter indicating that the mercurial binding residue (Cys) is in
the substrate binding site. No substrate protection was found in the case of the human
OCTN1, so probably mercurial and heavy metal binding residue is away from substrate
binding site. For the human OCTN1 we also tested the effect of chemical reagents which are
known to form mixeddisulphides with proteins SH residues, MTS reagents. MTSEA exerted inhibition of transport very similar to those observed for the heavy metals and as the toxic
compounds. To ascertain the involvement of Cys residues in the interaction of the human
OCTN1 with the xenobiotics and to identify the possible target of the reagents, 7 mutants
were prepared in which the seven cysteines present in the transmembrane domains or in the
extracellular loop were mutated to alanine. An additional mutant lacking two Cys residues has
also been constructed (C50A/C136A). We studies the dose-response curves of the transporter
for each inhibitor, the mercury reagents showed similar behavior, both HgCl2 and MeHg
strongly inhibited the WT and the mutants C81A, C113A, C236A, C270A and C374A. While
a clear shift of the curves towards higher concentrations of the compounds was observed in
the case of mutants C50A and C136A indicating a decrease of affinity of these mutants for the
mercury reagents. The experiment on the double mutant C50A/C136A showed a nearly
complete lack of inhibition by the two reagents demonstrating the two Cys residues were indeed the target of the mercury compounds. The homology model of the human OCTN1
confirms the experimental data obtained in this work, in fact the model shows that the two
cysteine residues (Cys-50 and Cys-136) are exposed to the extracellular site of the plasma
membrane and are accessible to sulfhydryl groups reagents.
In the present work we studied, also, biomarkers expression and nephrotoxic effect induced
by drugs in human kidney primary cells model. Kidney is a primary target of drug-induced
toxicity. Toxic effects on the kidney related to drugs are both common and expected, given
the kidney's roles in plasma filtration and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. As such,
glomerular, tubular and renal interstitial cells frequently are exposed to concentrations of
drugs, which can induce changes in kidney function and structure. We tested three different drugs: 2-Bromoethanamine an analgesic, cisplatin a chemotherapeutic agent and cyclosporine
a immunosuppressive agent. We found that after the addition of these drugs on human
primary kidney cells there is an increase in the expression of two different biomarkers: Osteopontin (OPN) a distal tubule biomarker and KIM-1 a membrane glycoprotein expressed
by proximal tubule cells after kidney injury. We also found the toxic concentrations after 24
hours of exposition to the three different drugs, we quantified the percentual of necrotic and
apoptotic cells and we studied the toxicological effect of these drugs on cellular organelles
like mitochondria. In conclusion proteoliposomes represent a suitable molecular model for
studying the interaction of plasma membrane transport and toxic compounds, such as
mercurials, and human primary cell culture is a valuable tool to study cell toxicity
mechanisms of different drugs. Both the experimental models are a novel and potentially
important tools in drug discovery and in the understanding of toxicity mechanism of
xenobiotics compounds.Università della Calabri
A collaborative simulation in shipbuilding and the offshore installation based on the integration of the dynamic analysis, virtual reality, and control devices
Linee guida per la diagnosi e la terapia della cefalea giovanile
Printed from http://www.sisc.it target=NewWindow>www.sisc.it (December 2004). - Supplement no. 1 to 'Giornale SISC', 5(2003)Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal