ON THE FLOW PAST RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS: PHYSICAL ASPECTS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION

This paper concerns with unsteady incompressible flows around rectangular cylinders with side ratio varying from 1 to 10. Phenomenological aspects are discussed and numerical simulations are performed using a SIMPLEC finite volume code. A third-order QUICK scheme is employed for the advective terms in the Navier-Stokes equations, while a second-order fully implicit method is used for the time discretization. For validation purpose, preliminary simulations are carried out at Re = 300. Afterwards, the flow patterns and the wake periodic features are examined at Re = 1,000, 5,000, and 22,000, for which turbulent effects should not be neglected. In some of those cases, large-eddy simulation (LES) is employed, using the classical sub-grid Smagorinsky model. Important physical mechanisms determining vortex shedding frequency are placed in evidence. The present predictions are compared with numerical and experimental results from other works and a good agreement is reached

Bioecologia de Alabama argillacea II. Evolução populacional em seis regiões do Estado de São Paulo, com base em suas exigências térmicas

The cotton leafworm (Alabama argillacea Hübner (1818) has, each year, a constant period of occurence during the cotton growing season, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Surveys with light traps in six localities of the State (Assis, Campinas, Mococa, Piracicaba, Ribeirão Preto and Valinhos) were made in order to find out those periods. With its thermal requirements it was possible to know the number of its generations all through the year in order to provide basic data concerning this pest, as a prediction of its outbreak, and for improving control procedures in the crop. The thermal requirements of the cotton leafworm were determined based on the biological results obtained in climatic chambers set at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C (60 ± 10% relative humidity and a 14-hour photoperiod) with IAC-17 cultivar leaves. The threshold of development for the egg, larval, pre-pupal and pupal phases was calculated by the coefficient of variation method; values of 12.6; 9.3; 14.9 and 13.5°C, respectively, were found. The formula for obtaining those thermal requirement data was: K = y (t - a). Values of 37.20, 195.97, 10.10 and 110.35 degree-days for the phases of egg, larva, pre-pupa and pupa, respectively, were obtained. Basing on the total sum of degree-days per "péntada" for the six localities, two to seven generations per year may occur.O curuquerê-do-algodoeiro (Alabama argillacea Hübner (1818) tem uma época definida de surto nas diferentes áreas do Estado de São Paulo. Tomando-se por base levantamentos realizados com armadilhas luminosas nas regiões de Assis, Campinas, Mococa, Piracicaba, Ribeirão Preto e Valinhos, determinou-se, em função destas épocas de seu aparecimento e das suas necessidades térmicas, o provável número de gerações desta praga nestas áreas durante o ano, numa tentativa de prever e controlar a sua evolução populacional dentro da cultura. As necessidades térmicas do curuquerê foram determinadas com base nos resultados biológicos obtidos em câmaras climatizadas reguladas a 20, 25, 30 e 35°C (UR de 60 ± 10% e fotófase de 14 h), com folhas da cultivar IAC-17, estimando-se a temperatura-base para as fases de ovo, lagarta, pré-pupa e pupa, pelo método do coeficiente de variação e encontrando-se valores, respectivamente, de 12,6; 9,3; 14,9 e 13,5°C. A constante térmica em graus dias (GD)foi estimada pela fórmula K = y (t - a), sendo obtidos os valores de 37, 20 GD, 195,97 GD, 10,10 GD e 110,35 GD para as fases de ovo, lagarta, pré-pupa e pupa, respectivamente. A partir destes resultados e de graus dias acumulados por pêntada, utilizando-se as normais de cada localidade, estimou-se que o número de gerações pode variar de duas a sete para as regiões analisadas

Sheep Performance in Italian Ryegrass Swards at Contrasting Sward Heights

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sward height on lamb performance. The experiment was carried out at the Research Station of UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil. Yearling no-castrated male lambs were assessed in terms of individual animal performance and gain per hectare. The experiment was carried out in a randomised block design with three replications of four treatments: 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm of sward surface height (SSH), which were maintained using continuous variable stocking, and monitored by a sward stick. Samples of 0.25 m2 were cut to ground level to estimate herbage and leaf lamina mass. Live weight gain per area and per animal increased in a quadratic pattern. The best animal production was found in a sward of approximately 15 cm high

Identifying Variability in Process Performance Indicators

The performance perspective of business processes is concerned with the definition of performance requirements usually specified as a set of Process Performance Indicators (PPIs). Like other business process perspectives such as control-flow or data, there are cases in which PPIs are subject to variability. However, although the modelling of business process variability (BPV) has evolved significantly, there are very few contributions addressing the variability in the performance perspective of business processes. Modelling PPI variants with tools and techniques non-suitable for variability may generate redundant models, thus making it difficult its maintenance and future adaptations, also increasing possibility of errors in its managing. In this paper we present different cases of PPI variability detected as result of the analysis of several processes where BPV is present. Based on an existent metamodel used for defining PPIs over BPs, we propose its formal extension that allows the definition of PPI variability according to the cases identified.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-70560-RJunta de Andalucía P12-TIC-1867Junta de Andalucía P10-TIC-590

Areas of natural occurrence of melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811(Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the state of Bahia, Brazil.

The bee Melipona scutellaris is considered the reared meliponine species with the largest distribution in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, with records from the state of Rio Grande do Norte down to the state of Bahia. Considering the importance of this species in the generation of income for family agriculture and in the preservation of areas with natural vegetation, this study aimed at providing knowledge on the distribution of natural colonies of M. scutellaris in the state of Bahia. Literature information, interviews with stinglessbee beekeepers, and expeditions were conducted to confirm the natural occurrence of the species. A total of 102 municipalities showed records for M. scutellaris, whose occurrence was observed in areas ranging from sea level up to 1,200-meter height. The occurrence of this species in the state of Bahia is considered to be restricted to municipalities on the coastal area and the Chapada Diamantina with its rainforests. Geographic coordinates, elevation, climate and vegetation data were obtained, which allowed a map to be prepared for the area of occurrence in order to support conservation and management policies for the species

Macadamia Oil Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Obese Mice

Excess of saturated fatty acids in the diet has been associated with obesity, leading to systemic disruption of insulin signaling, glucose intolerance, and inflammation. Macadamia oil administration has been shown to improve lipid profile in humans. We evaluated the effect of macadamia oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity, inflammation, lipid profile, and adipocyte size in high-fat diet (HF) induced obesity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks) were divided into four groups: (a) control diet (CD), (b) HF, (c) CD supplemented with macadamia oil by gavage at 2g/Kg of body weight, three times per week, for 12 weeks (CD + MO), and (d) HF diet supplemented with macadamia oil (HF + MO). CD and HF mice were supplemented with water. HF mice showed hypercholesterolemia and decreased insulin sensitivity as also previously shown. HF induced inflammation in adipose tissue and peritoneal macrophages, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Macadamia oil supplementation attenuated hypertrophy of adipocytes and inflammation in the adipose tissue and macrophages.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ São Paulo, Dept Biol Celular & Desenvolvimento, BR-05508000 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Educ Fis, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Motricidad, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, BR-05508000 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Judas Tadeu, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Movimento Humano, BR-05503001 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023901 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol Geral, BR-05508090 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Cruzeiro Sul, Inst Ciencias Atividade Fis & Esporte, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Movimento Humano, BR-01506000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023901 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Catálogo descritivo dos acessos da Coleção Nuclear de Arroz da Embrapa - CNAE versão 1.0.

Esta Série Documentos apresenta os resultados do desempenho agronômico de cada um dos 550 acessos da CNAE em 11 experimentos de campo, conduzidos no delineamento de Blocos Aumentados de Federer. Os locais onde os experimentos foram conduzidos no sistema de cultivo de sequeiro estão indicados nas fichas dos acessos. Nos demais locais, os ensaios foram conduzidos sob sistema irrigado. As escalas adotadas para as avaliações de algumas características estão descritas no Anexo I. Em Formoso do Araguaia foram conduzidos dois experimentos - com e sem aplicação de fungicida. Os acessos descritos nesta Série Documentos fazem parte da CNAE versão 1.0.bitstream/CNPAF/26576/1/doc_205.pd

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.  Methodology/Principal Findings: The T. rangeli haploid genome is ,24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heatshock proteins.  Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets