A Most Violent Game: A Framing Study on the Media’s Coverage of Concussions and Injuries in Sports

The following is a study on the effects of framing the topic of concussions in the sports media. The study examined the differences between “perceptions of seriousness” of concussions based on two article conditions and how men and women, athletes and non-athletes, sports fans and non-sports fans all viewed the seriousness of concussions. Other variables of analysis included testing participants for their emotional empathy and aggressiveness in relation to their views on concussions. The findings of the study did not confirm most of the hypotheses, but the major hypothesis was supported. For participants who read the “serious” article condition, they reported taking concussions more seriously. Those that were exposed to the “less serious” article condition reported taking concussions less seriously. Therefore, the study shows that the framing of concussions in the sports media could have real consequences for both how the issue is discussed and perceived on the national landscape

Medoidshift clustering applied to genomic bulk tumor data.

Despite the enormous medical impact of cancers and intensive study of their biology, detailed characterization of tumor growth and development remains elusive. This difficulty occurs in large part because of enormous heterogeneity in the molecular mechanisms of cancer progression, both tumor-to-tumor and cell-to-cell in single tumors. Advances in genomic technologies, especially at the single-cell level, are improving the situation, but these approaches are held back by limitations of the biotechnologies for gathering genomic data from heterogeneous cell populations and the computational methods for making sense of those data. One popular way to gain the advantages of whole-genome methods without the cost of single-cell genomics has been the use of computational deconvolution (unmixing) methods to reconstruct clonal heterogeneity from bulk genomic data. These methods, too, are limited by the difficulty of inferring genomic profiles of rare or subtly varying clonal subpopulations from bulk data, a problem that can be computationally reduced to that of reconstructing the geometry of point clouds of tumor samples in a genome space. Here, we present a new method to improve that reconstruction by better identifying subspaces corresponding to tumors produced from mixtures of distinct combinations of clonal subpopulations. We develop a nonparametric clustering method based on medoidshift clustering for identifying subgroups of tumors expected to correspond to distinct trajectories of evolutionary progression. We show on synthetic and real tumor copy-number data that this new method substantially improves our ability to resolve discrete tumor subgroups, a key step in the process of accurately deconvolving tumor genomic data and inferring clonal heterogeneity from bulk data

Las fiestas de Santo Domingo como rito subversivo: Percepciones miskitas de los rituales mestizos en Bluefields y Managua

Este artículo examina la manera en que un catequista católico miskito percibe las fiestas de Santo Domingo, un evento que debe ser comprendido como un ritual que enfatiza la humillación del santo, la perturbación de símbolos sagrados y la regeneración. En él se muestra que el horror experimentado por el catequista, cuando al viajar con el antropólogo observó esta serie de rituales, tiene menos que ver con una falta de valoración equilibrada de las prácticas religiosas de otros, como es evidenciado por su apreciación del festival de la Virgen de Fátima en Bluefields, que con un verdadero miedo a la subversión simbólica que el ritual representa y a la posibilidad del castigo divino. En el artículo se argumenta que la explicación de esta reacción debe buscarse en la historia de un catolicismo miskito muy diferente del catolicismo nicaragüense ortodoxo y en las nociones miskitas de la divinidad. 1. FIESTAS DE SANTO DOMINGO-COSTA CARIBE (NICARAGUA)-CRITICA E INTERPRETACION 2. FESTIVIDADES RELIGIOSAS-RITOS Y CEREMONIAS- COSTA CARIBE (NICARAGUA) Santo Domingo lilika pulanka nani dauki banghwiba tanis laka kum baku:miskitu nani bui baku lukisa Manawa bara Blupil ra dauki banghwiba Naha ulbanka nara laki kaikisa Kiatalik miskutka katekista wiba kum bui, witin nahki kaikisa Santo Domingo lilika pulanka naniba(witin aisisa fiersta), naha lilika pulanka naniba blestu wan aisara sibrinka bara rispik ka laka nani wal daukan kaiasa, Santo ka ba Wan aisa mawanra umpira laka wal kaiasa, sakuna witin nani lika wan aisa laka nani pura lui diara saura tanis laka nani dauki banghwisa, baku lika naha katekistika witin antropologo wal yabalra takan pyuara naha dukia nani kaikan taim kasak ta iwankan, nahara latan kaikaia sipkan witin nani rispik apu diara nani dauki banghwiba, sipkan praki kaikan kaia Blupils tawanka ra Virgen de Fátima wiba lilika pulanka nani dauki banghwi bawal, witin nani naha Santo ka nani kaikuya pyuara rait ai lalba saura takisa bara sibriras takisa pura wina klala nani balbia sin. Naha na sika Kiatalik miskutka katekista wiba kum bui laki kaikanka sa, Nikarawa pacipik ka saitka kiatalik ka nani lukanka baku lika apia, miskitu nani holy dukia nani bara nahki rispik yabi ba tanka. Sturi kau tara nani ba:Antropología, catolicismo, festivales, santos, religión, Nikarawa, mískitu wi nani ba sut. Santo Domingo alasna yakikisdana balna yayamwa kidi pini lani as kapat: wayah balna yaklauiwi kaput kukulwi manawa dawak blupil kau yayamwa kidika. Adika ulna akat laihwi talwi Kiatalik wayahni Katekista atwa kidi as yaklauiwi, witin ampat talwa kidi Santo Domingo alasna yakikisdana yayamwa kidika(witin laih yulwi fiersta), adika alasna yakikisdana yayamwa kidi blestu ma papangki kau yamaduna atnin dawak rispik nuhni karak bik yamna atnin dai, Santo ni kidi, ma papangni ninin kau minikunni kapat kal dakana atnin dai, kaunah witingna laih papang nuhni lani balna minit bayakwi di dutni pini lani balna kamanah yayamwi, kaput laih adika alni witin Antropólogo kidi karak tâ kau uina taim adika dini balna talna taim kasak yamaduna dai, laih talnin sipdai witingna rispik dis palni di balna yayamwa kidika, sipdai libitwi talna atnin Blupils tawanni kau Virgen de Fátima atwa kidi karak, alasna yakikisdana yayamwa kidi karak bik, Witngna adika Santo ni yakat tatalwa taim, ramh tunana daukakalwi dawak yamaduduwas dadawi mâ kaupak papang witingna kau ahanwarang bik.adika kuduh kiatalik wayahni katekista atwa kidi as yaklauiwi laihwi talna dini as ki, Nikarawa pacipikni kau kiatalikni balna kulningna lani kapat awaski, wayah balna ampat papang nuhni kau kukulwa kidi dawak ampat risnanapik balna kalalawa kidika yulni. Yul baisa nuhni kidkka laih Antroplogia, Catolicismo, Festivales, Santos, Religión, Nikarawa, wayah atwa kidi bitik

Las fiestas de Santo Domingo como rito subversivo: Percepciones miskitas de los rituales mestizos en Bluefields y Managua

This article examines the way in which a Miskito catholic catechist perceives the Santo Domingo festivities, an event that must be understood as a ritual that emphasizes the humiliation of the Saint, the unease of the sacred symbols and the regeneration. One can see that the horror that the catechist experiments, when he traveled with the anthropologist and he observed this type of ritual; it has little to do with the lack of balanced judgment for the religious practice of others, as it is reflected on his appreciation of the Virgin of Fatima Festival in Bluefields, but a true fear for the symbolic subversion, and the possibility of divine punishment that the ritual represents. This article argues that the explanation of this reaction has to be searched in the history of the Miskito Catholicism, which is very different from the Orthodox Nicaraguan Catholicism, and in the Miskito notions of divinity. 1. SANTO DOMINGO FESTIVITIES-CARIBBEAN COAST (NICARAGUA)-CRITICISM AND INTERPRETATION 2. RELIGIOUS FESTIVITIES-CEREMONIES AND RITUALSCARIBBEAN COAST (NICARAGUA) DOI: 10.5377/wani.v60i0.263Wani No.60 2010 pp.42-55Este artículo examina la manera en que un catequista católico miskito percibe las fiestas de Santo Domingo, un evento que debe ser comprendido como un ritual que enfatiza la humillación del santo, la perturbación de símbolos sagrados y la regeneración. En él se muestra que el horror experimentado por el catequista, cuando al viajar con el antropólogo observó esta serie de rituales, tiene menos que ver con una falta de valoración equilibrada de las prácticas religiosas de otros, como es evidenciado por su apreciación del festival de la Virgen de Fátima en Bluefields, que con un verdadero miedo a la subversión simbólica que el ritual representa y a la posibilidad del castigo divino. En el artículo se argumenta que la explicación de esta reacción debe buscarse en la historia de un catolicismo miskito muy diferente del catolicismo nicaragüense ortodoxo y en las nociones miskitas de la divinidad. 1. FIESTAS DE SANTO DOMINGO-COSTA CARIBE (NICARAGUA)-CRITICA E INTERPRETACION 2. FESTIVIDADES RELIGIOSAS-RITOS Y CEREMONIAS- COSTA CARIBE (NICARAGUA) Santo Domingo lilika pulanka nani dauki banghwiba tanis laka kum baku:miskitu nani bui baku lukisa Manawa bara Blupil ra dauki banghwiba Naha ulbanka nara laki kaikisa Kiatalik miskutka katekista wiba kum bui, witin nahki kaikisa Santo Domingo lilika pulanka naniba(witin aisisa fiersta), naha lilika pulanka naniba blestu wan aisara sibrinka bara rispik ka laka nani wal daukan kaiasa, Santo ka ba Wan aisa mawanra umpira laka wal kaiasa, sakuna witin nani lika wan aisa laka nani pura lui diara saura tanis laka nani dauki banghwisa, baku lika naha katekistika witin antropologo wal yabalra takan pyuara naha dukia nani kaikan taim kasak ta iwankan, nahara latan kaikaia sipkan witin nani rispik apu diara nani dauki banghwiba, sipkan praki kaikan kaia Blupils tawanka ra Virgen de Fátima wiba lilika pulanka nani dauki banghwi bawal, witin nani naha Santo ka nani kaikuya pyuara rait ai lalba saura takisa bara sibriras takisa pura wina klala nani balbia sin. Naha na sika Kiatalik miskutka katekista wiba kum bui laki kaikanka sa, Nikarawa pacipik ka saitka kiatalik ka nani lukanka baku lika apia, miskitu nani holy dukia nani bara nahki rispik yabi ba tanka. Sturi kau tara nani ba:Antropología, catolicismo, festivales, santos, religión, Nikarawa, mískitu wi nani ba sut. Santo Domingo alasna yakikisdana balna yayamwa kidi pini lani as kapat: wayah balna yaklauiwi kaput kukulwi manawa dawak blupil kau yayamwa kidika. Adika ulna akat laihwi talwi Kiatalik wayahni Katekista atwa kidi as yaklauiwi, witin ampat talwa kidi Santo Domingo alasna yakikisdana yayamwa kidika(witin laih yulwi fiersta), adika alasna yakikisdana yayamwa kidi blestu ma papangki kau yamaduna atnin dawak rispik nuhni karak bik yamna atnin dai, Santo ni kidi, ma papangni ninin kau minikunni kapat kal dakana atnin dai, kaunah witingna laih papang nuhni lani balna minit bayakwi di dutni pini lani balna kamanah yayamwi, kaput laih adika alni witin Antropólogo kidi karak tâ kau uina taim adika dini balna talna taim kasak yamaduna dai, laih talnin sipdai witingna rispik dis palni di balna yayamwa kidika, sipdai libitwi talna atnin Blupils tawanni kau Virgen de Fátima atwa kidi karak, alasna yakikisdana yayamwa kidi karak bik, Witngna adika Santo ni yakat tatalwa taim, ramh tunana daukakalwi dawak yamaduduwas dadawi mâ kaupak papang witingna kau ahanwarang bik.adika kuduh kiatalik wayahni katekista atwa kidi as yaklauiwi laihwi talna dini as ki, Nikarawa pacipikni kau kiatalikni balna kulningna lani kapat awaski, wayah balna ampat papang nuhni kau kukulwa kidi dawak ampat risnanapik balna kalalawa kidika yulni. Yul baisa nuhni kidkka laih Antroplogia, Catolicismo, Festivales, Santos, Religión, Nikarawa, wayah atwa kidi bitik.DOI: 10.5377/wani.v60i0.263Wani No.60 2010 pp.42-5

Scientific Objectives, Measurement Needs, and Challenges Motivating the PARAGON Aerosol Initiative

Aerosols are involved in a complex set of processes that operate across many spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these processes, and ensuring their accurate representation in models of transport, radiation transfer, and climate, requires knowledge of aerosol physical, chemical, and optical properties and the distributions of these properties in space and time. To derive aerosol climate forcing, aerosol optical and microphysical properties and their spatial and temporal distributions, and aerosol interactions with clouds, need to be understood. Such data are also required in conjunction with size-resolved chemical composition in order to evaluate chemical transport models and to distinguish natural and anthropogenic forcing. Other basic parameters needed for modeling the radiative influences of aerosols are surface reflectivity and three-dimensional cloud fields. This large suite of parameters mandates an integrated observing and modeling system of commensurate scope. The Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) concept, designed to meet this requirement, is motivated by the need to understand climate system sensitivity to changes in atmospheric constituents, to reduce climate model uncertainties, and to analyze diverse collections of data pertaining to aerosols. This paper highlights several challenges resulting from the complexity of the problem. Approaches for dealing with them are offered in the set of companion papers

Dosimetric differences between cesium-131 and iodine-125 brachytherapy for the treatment of resected brain metastases

Purpose: To compare treatment plans and evaluate dosimetric characteristics of permanent cesium-131 (131Cs) vs. iodine-125 (125I) implants used in brain brachytherapy. Material and methods: Twenty-four patients with 131Cs implants from a prospective phase I/II trial were re-planned with 125I implants. In order to evaluate the volume of brain tissue exposed to radiation therapy (RT), the dose volume histogram was generated for both radioisotopes. To evaluate the dosimetric differences of the two radioisotopes we compared homogeneity (HI) and conformity indices (CI), and dose covering 100% (D100), 90% (D90), 80% (D80), and 50% (D50) of the clinical target volume (CTV). Results: At the 100%, 90%, 80%, and 50% isodose lines, the 131Cs plans exposed less mean volume of brain tissue than the 125I plans (p \u3c 0.001). The D100, D90, D80, and D50 were smaller for 131Cs (p \u3c 0.001). The HI and CI for 131Cs vs. 125I were 19.71 vs. 29.04 and 1.31 vs. 1.92, respectively (p \u3c 0.001). Conclusions: Compared to 125I, 131Cs exposed smaller volumes of brain tissue to equivalent doses of radiation and delivered lower radiation doses to equivalent volumes of the CTV. 131Cs exhibited a higher HI, indicating increased uniformity of doses within the CTV. Lastly, 131Cs presented a CI closer to 1, indicating that the total volume receiving the prescription dose was closer to the desired CTV volume. These results suggest that 131Cs is dosimetrically superior to 125I and may explain the reason for the 0% incidence of radiation necrosis (RN) in our previously published prospective study using 131Cs

An Integrated Approach for Characterizing Aerosol Climate Impacts and Environmental Interactions

Aerosols exert myriad influences on the earth's environment and climate, and on human health. The complexity of aerosol-related processes requires that information gathered to improve our understanding of climate change must originate from multiple sources, and that effective strategies for data integration need to be established. While a vast array of observed and modeled data are becoming available, the aerosol research community currently lacks the necessary tools and infrastructure to reap maximum scientific benefit from these data. Spatial and temporal sampling differences among a diverse set of sensors, nonuniform data qualities, aerosol mesoscale variabilities, and difficulties in separating cloud effects are some of the challenges that need to be addressed. Maximizing the long-term benefit from these data also requires maintaining consistently well-understood accuracies as measurement approaches evolve and improve. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of how aerosol physical, chemical, and radiative processes impact the earth system can be achieved only through a multidisciplinary, inter-agency, and international initiative capable of dealing with these issues. A systematic approach, capitalizing on modern measurement and modeling techniques, geospatial statistics methodologies, and high-performance information technologies, can provide the necessary machinery to support this objective. We outline a framework for integrating and interpreting observations and models, and establishing an accurate, consistent, and cohesive long-term record, following a strategy whereby information and tools of progressively greater sophistication are incorporated as problems of increasing complexity are tackled. This concept is named the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON). To encompass the breadth of the effort required, we present a set of recommendations dealing with data interoperability; measurement and model integration; multisensor synergy; data summarization and mining; model evaluation; calibration and validation; augmentation of surface and in situ measurements; advances in passive and active remote sensing; and design of satellite missions. Without an initiative of this nature, the scientific and policy communities will continue to struggle with understanding the quantitative impact of complex aerosol processes on regional and global climate change and air quality

Counting Groves-Ledyard equilibria via degree theory

We study the Groves-Ledyard mechanism for determining optimal amounts of public goods in economies whose agents have the most general class of preferences for which a Pareto amount of public goods can be computed independently of income distribution. We use degree theory on affine spaces to show that the number of equilibria in such economies grows exponentially as the number of agents in the economy increases. The large number of equilibria in such simple economic models raises doubts as to whether the Groves-Ledyard mechanism is a workable solution to the Free Rider Problem since individuals may have incentives to falsify their preferences in order to drive the adjustment process to a preferred Nash equilibrium.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25100/1/0000532.pd

Differences in immune responses between CMV-seronegative and -seropositive patients with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion

CMV infection is responsible for acceleration of immune senescence and linked to systemic pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated differences in the immune response between CMV‐seropositive and seronegative patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for acute myocardial infarction (MI). Peripheral blood samples were taken at six different time points: pre‐, 15, 30, 90 min, 24 h after PPCI and at 3 months after MI. Absolute counts of lymphocyte subpopulations, immune response to specific and nonspecific stimulation, serum cytokines and levels of CMV‐IgG, cardiolipin‐IgG, and anti‐endothelial cell antibodies were assessed. CMV‐seropositive patients with MI showed a twofold higher IFN‐γ production to PHA‐stimulation, up to 2.5‐fold higher levels of IP‐10 in serum and up to 30% lower serum levels of IL‐16 compared to CMV‐seronegative individuals. CMV‐seropositive patients could be divided into two subgroups with high (IL‐10Hi) and low (IL‐10Lo) IL‐10 serum levels during the acute stage of MI. The IL‐10Hi CMV‐seropositive subgroup showed an increased exit of late‐differentiated T lymphocytes, NK and NKT‐like cells from the circulation, which may potentially enhance cytotoxic damage in the ischemic myocardium. Finally, we did not observe an acceleration of autoimmunity by MI in CMV‐seropositive individuals. The immune response during acute MI showed characteristic differences between CMV seronegative and seropositive patients, with a stronger pro‐inflammatory response in seropositive patients. The effects of IP‐10, IL‐16, and IL‐10 on characteristics of acute immune responses and formation of different immune profiles in CMV‐seropositive individuals require further investigation