As voltas do tempo: as reminiscências de um projeto de identidade nacional na cerâmica “marajoara” de Icoaraci

The "marajoara" ceramic produced in the district of Icoaraci (Belém), inspired in ceramics founded in Marajó Island, is one of the symbols that define the identity of the people in Pará today. Through government incentives, this artcraft production won public recognition, contributing to a national project survival started in the Imperial period, which recommended the creation of a Brazilian identity supported in the Indigenous’s image as an outstanding referent. Reflecting about the construction of identities from a material object of a popular culture, involves asking questions and reflections about concepts such as tradition, culture, identity, multiculturalism, cultural circularity, heterogeneity or hybridization. These concepts whose theoretical informations are found in the Canclini, Ginzburg, Milton Santos, Ulpiano Meneses and Marcos Areválo’s works contribute to the development of a new understanding about the identity of the people in Pará from their material culture: the traditional ceramic from Icoaraci.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA cerâmica “marajoara” produzida no Distrito de Icoaraci (Belém), inspirada nas cerâmicas arqueológica encontradas na Ilha do Marajó, é um dos símbolos que definem hoje a identidade do paraense. Essa produção artesanal ao receber incentivos governamentais conquistou reconhecimento público e contribuiu para a sobrevivência de um projeto nacional, iniciado no período Imperial, que preconizava a criação de uma identidade brasileira amparada na imagem do indígena como um dos referentes marcantes. Refletir sobre a construção de identidades partindo de um objeto material da cultura popular, pressupõe levantar questões e reflexões sobre alguns conceitos como tradição, cultura, identidade, multiculturalismo, circularidade cultural, heterogeneidade ou hibridação. São considerações cuja base teórica encontra-se, entre outros, nos trabalhos de Nestor Canclini, Carlos Ginzburg, Milton Santos, Ulpiano Meneses e Marcos Areválo, cujas contribuições serviram de base para o desenvolvimento de uma nova leitura sobre a identidade do paraense a partir da sua cultura material: a cerâmica artesanal icoaraciense

Chikungunya Virus and Its Envelope Protein E2 Induce Hyperalgesia in Mice: Inhibition by Anti-E2 Monoclonal Antibodies and by Targeting TRPV1

Chikungunya virus is an arthropod-borne infectious agent that causes Chikungunya fever disease. About 90% of the infected patients experience intense polyarthralgia, affecting mainly the extremities but also the large joints such as the knees. Chronic disease symptoms persist for months, even after clearance of the virus from the blood. Envelope proteins stimulate the immune response against the Chikungunya virus, becoming an important therapeutic target. We inactivated the Chikungunya virus (iCHIKV) and produced recombinant E2 (rE2) protein and three different types of anti-rE2 monoclonal antibodies. Using these tools, we observed that iCHIKV and rE2 protein induced mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic aesthesiometer test) and thermal hyperalgesia (Hargreaves test) in mice. These behavioral results were accompanied by the activation of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in mice, as observed by calcium influx. Treatment with three different types of anti-rE2 monoclonal antibodies and absence or blockade (AMG-9810 treatment) of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel diminished mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in mice. iCHIKV and rE2 activated TRPV1+ mouse DRG neurons in vitro, demonstrating their ability to activate nociceptor sensory neurons directly. Therefore, our mouse data demonstrate that targeting E2 CHIKV protein with monoclonal antibodies and inhibiting TRPV1 channels are reasonable strategies to control CHIKV pain

Chikungunya Virus and Its Envelope Protein E2 Induce Hyperalgesia in Mice: Inhibition by Anti-E2 Monoclonal Antibodies and by Targeting TRPV1

Chikungunya virus is an arthropod-borne infectious agent that causes Chikungunya fever disease. About 90% of the infected patients experience intense polyarthralgia, affecting mainly the extremities but also the large joints such as the knees. Chronic disease symptoms persist for months, even after clearance of the virus from the blood. Envelope proteins stimulate the immune response against the Chikungunya virus, becoming an important therapeutic target. We inactivated the Chikungunya virus (iCHIKV) and produced recombinant E2 (rE2) protein and three different types of anti-rE2 monoclonal antibodies. Using these tools, we observed that iCHIKV and rE2 protein induced mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic aesthesiometer test) and thermal hyperalgesia (Hargreaves test) in mice. These behavioral results were accompanied by the activation of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in mice, as observed by calcium influx. Treatment with three different types of anti-rE2 monoclonal antibodies and absence or blockade (AMG-9810 treatment) of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel diminished mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in mice. iCHIKV and rE2 activated TRPV1+ mouse DRG neurons in vitro, demonstrating their ability to activate nociceptor sensory neurons directly. Therefore, our mouse data demonstrate that targeting E2 CHIKV protein with monoclonal antibodies and inhibiting TRPV1 channels are reasonable strategies to control CHIKV pain

Resolution of Racemic Aryloxy-Propan-2-yl Acetates via Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis: Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure/Enantioenriched Mexiletine Intermediates and Analogs

The lipase kinetic resolution (KR) of aryloxy-propan-2-yl acetates, via hydrolysis, produced enantiomerically pure/enantioenriched mexiletine intermediates and analogs. Racemic acetates rac-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5a), rac-1-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5b), rac-1-(o-tolyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5c) and rac-1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5d) were used as substrates. A preliminary screening (24 h, phosphate buffer pH 7.0 with 20% acetonitrile as co-solvent, 30 °C and enzyme:substrate ratio of 2:1, m:m) was carried out with twelve lipases using acetate 5a as substrate. Two enzymes stood out in the KR of 5a, the Amano AK lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) immobilized on Immobead 150. Under these conditions, both the (R)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-ol [(R)-4a] and the remaining (S)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate [(S)-5a] were obtained with enantiomeric excess (ee) > 99%, 50% conversion and enantiomeric ratio (E) > 200. The KR study was expanded to racemic acetates 5b-d, leading to the corresponding chiral remaining acetates with ≥95% ee, and the alcohols 4b-d with ≥98% ee, and conversion values close to 50%. The best conditions for KRs of rac-5b-d involved the use of lipase from P. fluorescens or TLL immobilized on Immobead 150, 24 or 48 h and 30 °C. These intermediates had their absolute configurations determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy (Mosher’s method), showing that the KRs of these acetates obeyed the Kazlauskas’ rule. Molecular docking studies corroborated the experimental results, indicating a preference for the hydrolysis of (R)-5a-d

Resolution of Racemic Aryloxy-Propan-2-yl Acetates via Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis: Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure/Enantioenriched Mexiletine Intermediates and Analogs

The lipase kinetic resolution (KR) of aryloxy-propan-2-yl acetates, via hydrolysis, produced enantiomerically pure/enantioenriched mexiletine intermediates and analogs. Racemic acetates rac-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5a), rac-1-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5b), rac-1-(o-tolyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5c) and rac-1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5d) were used as substrates. A preliminary screening (24 h, phosphate buffer pH 7.0 with 20% acetonitrile as co-solvent, 30 °C and enzyme:substrate ratio of 2:1, m:m) was carried out with twelve lipases using acetate 5a as substrate. Two enzymes stood out in the KR of 5a, the Amano AK lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) immobilized on Immobead 150. Under these conditions, both the (R)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-ol [(R)-4a] and the remaining (S)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate [(S)-5a] were obtained with enantiomeric excess (ee) > 99%, 50% conversion and enantiomeric ratio (E) > 200. The KR study was expanded to racemic acetates 5b-d, leading to the corresponding chiral remaining acetates with ≥95% ee, and the alcohols 4b-d with ≥98% ee, and conversion values close to 50%. The best conditions for KRs of rac-5b-d involved the use of lipase from P. fluorescens or TLL immobilized on Immobead 150, 24 or 48 h and 30 °C. These intermediates had their absolute configurations determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy (Mosher’s method), showing that the KRs of these acetates obeyed the Kazlauskas’ rule. Molecular docking studies corroborated the experimental results, indicating a preference for the hydrolysis of (R)-5a-d

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AimThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery.MethodsThis was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin.ResultsOverall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P ConclusionOne in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery