Influence de la litière foliaire de cinq espèces végétales tropicales sur la diversité floristique des herbacées dans la zone du Ferlo (Senegal)

L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet de la présence de cinq plantes ligneuses: Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan, Acacia senegal (L.) Willd, Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir. et Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. sur la diversité spécifique de la végétation herbacée dans le Ferlo, au Nord-Sénégal. Il a été procédé à un inventaire des espèces herbacées sous couvert et hors couvert des plantes ligneuses. Ensuite, une analyse floristique qualitative (familles, genres et espèces) a été réalisée à partir de la liste floristique des différents inventaires. Cette analyse a été couplée à une approche quantitative en utilisant le coefficient de similitude de Sørensen qui a servi à définir l’indice de diversité beta. Les résultats de l’inventaire floristique ont permis de dénombrer 28 espèces herbacées réparties dans 25 genres et 15 familles. Les plantes ligneuses comme B. senegalensis, B. aegyptiaca et S. birrea possèdent la flore la plus riche avec 18 espèces chacune, alors que A. tortilis et A. senegal ont respectivement 12 et 9 espèces. Le témoin est le moins diversifié avec 6 espèces herbacées. Parmi les herbacées, Aristida mutabilis est la plus fréquente contrairement à Achyranthes aspera, Aristida adsentionis, Chloris barbata, Cleome  viscosa, Cyperus esculentus, Datura metel, Eragrostis pilosa et Indigofera hirsuta qui sont les espèces les moins fréquentes. Les résultats de l’AFC ont montré quatre groupements végétaux. Un premier groupement qui regroupe B. senegalensis, A. raddiana et le témoin, un groupement à B. aegyptiaca, un groupement à A. senegal et enfin un groupement à S. birrea. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence la valeur de la présence de l’arbre dans un système de production fortement dégradé.Mots clés: Sénégal, Ferlo, interaction arbre - herbe, AFC, diversité floristique

The influence of intercalating perfluorohexane into lipid shells on nano and microbubble stability

Microbubbles are potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In vivo stability is important as the bubbles are required to survive multiple passages through the heart and lungs to allow targeting and delivery. Here we have systematically varied key parameters affecting microbubble lifetime to significantly increase in vivo stability. Whilst shell and core composition are found to have an important role in improving microbubble stability, we show that inclusion of small quantities of C6F14 in the microbubble bolus significantly improves microbubble lifetime. Our results indicate that C6F14 inserts into the lipid shell, decreasing surface tension to 19 mN m-1, and increasing shell resistance, in addition to saturating the surrounding medium. Surface area isotherms suggest that C6F14 incorporates into the acyl chain region of the lipid at a high molar ratio, indicating ∼2 perfluorocarbon molecules per 5 lipid molecules. The resulting microbubble boluses exhibit a higher in vivo image intensity compared to commercial compositions, as well as longer lifetimes

Analogies between optical propagation and heat diffusion: applications to microcavities, gratings and cloaks

International audienceA new analogy between optical propagation and heat diffusion in heterogeneous anisotropic media has beenproposed recently [S. Guenneau, C. Amra, and D. Veynante, Optics Express Vol. 20, 8207-8218 (2012)]. A detailedderivation of this unconventional correspondence is presented and developed. In time harmonic regime, all thermalparameters are related to optical ones in artificial metallic media, thus making possible to use numerical codesdeveloped for optics. Then the optical admittance formalism is extended to heat conduction in multilayeredstructures. The concepts of planar micro-cavities, diffraction gratings, and planar transformation optics for heatconduction are addressed. Results and limitations of the analogy are emphasized

اختلاف دلالة المفردات والتعبيرات السياقية في ترجمة أحاديث الأربعين النووية في اللغة الإنجليزية = THE DIFFERENCE IN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VOCABULARY AND CONTEXTUAL EXPRESSIONS IN TRANSLATING THE FORTY HADITHS OF AL-NAWAWI IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE[

يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان مفهوم الدلالة والسياق، وذكر المراد بالترجمة، وتوضيح آثار ترجمة المفردات أو التعبيرات في فهم الأحاديث النبوية واختلافها، وتتجلى أهمية هذا البحث تقديم وجوه التعبير والسياق، ومعرفة اختلاف المفردات المستخدمة أو تعبير السياق بين الكتب المترجمة، وإدراك أمثلة طرائق الترجمة، ويركز هذا البحث على تأثير اختلاف المفردات المستخدمة أو التعبيرات السياقية في الدلالة بين ثلاثة كتب في ترجمة أحاديث الأربعين النووية، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج مهمة، ومنها: تعد دراسة المفردات سياقياً مهمة في الترجمة لفهم مفردات الحديث النبوي الشريف، وأن هناك ترجمات مختلفة لمفردة معينة تختلف من كتاب إلى آخر، مع اختلاف وجيز في المعنى، وأن مفهوم المفردة في المصدر واللغة المترجمة؛ من حيث المصطلحات أو التركيب وغير ذلك أهمية في فهم الحديث النبوي ومقصوده. This research aims to clarify the concept of significance and context, mention what is meant by translation, and clarify the effects of translating vocabulary or expressions in understanding the Prophetic hadiths and their differences. This research focuses on the impact of the difference in used vocabulary or contextual expressions on the significance between three books in translating the forty hadiths of al-Nawawi. And that there are different translations of a specific vocabulary that differ from one book to another, with a brief difference in meaning, and that the concept of the word in the source and the translated language in terms of terms or structure and other things is important in understanding the prophetic hadith and its purpose

Tadalafil 5 mg Alone or in Combination with Tamsulosin 0.4 mg for the Management of Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction: Results of a Prospective Observational Trial.

Tadalafil 5 mg represents the standard for men with Erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). We carried out an observational trial aiming to assess the efficacy and safety of Tadalafil compared with Tadalafil plus Tamsulosin. Seventy-five patients complaining of ED and LUTS were treated for 12-weeks with Tadalafil plus placebo (TAD+PLA-group) or with combination therapy tadalafil plus tamsulosin (TAD+TAM-group). Efficacy variables were: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and safety assessments. Data were evaluated using paired samples T-test (baseline vs. 12-weeks) and analysis of variance (Δgroup-TAD+PLA vs. Δgroup-TAD+TAM). At baseline, both groups presented similar characteristics and symptoms scores (all: p > 0.05). From baseline to 12-weeks, all the subjects showed a significant improvement of IIEF, total-IPSS, storage-IPSS, Qmax (all: p < 0.001). Conversely, a significant improvement of voiding-IPSS was observed in TAD+TAM-group (−3.5 points, p < 0.001). Indeed, TAD+PLA-group showed a not significant improvement of voiding-IPSS (−2.0 points, p = 0.074). When we compared between-groups differences at 12-weeks, IIEF (p = 0.255), total-IPSS (p = 0.084) and storage-IPSS (p = 0.08) did not show any statistically significant differences, whereas, voiding-IPSS and Qmax were significantly better in TAD+TAM-group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.027, respectively). No severe treatment adverse events (TAEs) were reported in both groups. Tadalafil achieved the same improvements of IIEF, total-IPSS, storage-IPSS when compared to combination therapy. Instead, Qmax and voiding-IPSS were better managed with combination therapy, without change of TAEs

Olive Oil effectively mitigates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Osteoporosis, a reduction in bone mineral density, represents the most common metabolic bone disease. Postmenopausal women are particularly susceptible to osteoporosis when their production of estrogen declines. For these women, fracture is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of olive oil supplementation against osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied adult female Wistar rats aged 12-14 months, divided into three groups: sham-operated control (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with extravirgin olive oil (Olive-OVX) orally for 12 weeks; 4 weeks before ovariectomy and 8 weeks after. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected. Plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrates were assayed. Specimens from both the tibia and the liver were processed for light microscopic examination. Histomorphometric analysis of the tibia was also performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The OVX-rats showed a significant decrease in plasma calcium levels, and a significant increase in plasma ALP, MDA, and nitrates levels. These changes were attenuated by olive oil supplementation in the Olive-OVX rats. Light microscopic examination of the tibia of the OVX rats revealed a significant decrease in the cortical bone thickness (CBT) and the trabecular bone thickness (TBT). In addition, there was a significant increase in the osteoclast number denoting bone resorption. In the Olive-OVX rats these parameters were markedly improved as compared to the OVX group. Examination of the liver specimens revealed mononuclear cellular infiltration in the portal areas in the OVX-rats which was not detected in the Olive-OVX rats.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Olive oil effectively mitigated ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats, and is a promising candidate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.</p