762 research outputs found
Strangeness production time and the K+/pi+ horn
We construct a hadronic kinetic model which describes production of strange
particles in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions in the energy domain of SPS.
We test this model on description of the sharp peak in the excitation function
of multiplicity ratio K+/pi+ and demonstrate that hadronic model reproduces
these data rather well. The model thus must be tested on other types of data in
order to verify the hypothesis that deconfinement sets in at lowest SPS
energies.Comment: proceedings of Hot Quarks 0
Orbit Simulation for the Determination of Relativistic and Solar-System Parameters for the ASTROD Space Mission
ASTROD (Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices)
mission concept is to conduct high-precision measurement of relativistic
effects,solar-system parameters and gravitational waves. In this paper, we
first extend the stochastic model to simulate the determination of the masses
of three big asteroids (Ceres, Vesta and Pallas). With one range observation
per day for each spacecraft from 25 days to 800 days of the mission and ten
range observations per day for each spacecraft from 800 days to 1050 days of
the mission (when the apparent positions of the two spacecraft are close to the
Sun), the accuracies of determining these parameters are 4.6*10**(-7) for
gamma, 4.0*10**(-7) for beta, 1.2*10**(-8) for J2, and 6.4*10**(-5) M_Ceres,
7.6*10**(-4) M_Pallas, 8.1*10**(-5) M_Vesta for the mass determination of
Ceres, Pallas and Vesta respectively. We then include in the simulation and
determination the rate of change of the gravitational constant (G-dot), and an
anomalous constant acceleration (aa) directed towards the Sun (Pioneer
Anomaly). At the end of 1050 days of simulation, the accuracies of determining
these two parameters are 9.5*10**(-15)/yr for G-dot/G and 2.0*10**(-16) m/s2
for a_a. The mass loss rate of the inner solar system is at the level of
1*10**(-13) M_Sun/yr. The accurate determinat-ion of Ġ/G will mean a need
to simultaneously determine the mass loss rate. In other words, the mission
gives a way to monitor the mass loss rate of the Sun if Ġ/G can be
determined independently.Comment: 6 pages; 4 figures; presented to 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly,
Warsaw, 16-23 July, 2000; submitted to Advances in Space Researc
Schwinger-Keldysh Approach to Disordered and Interacting Electron Systems: Derivation of Finkelstein's Renormalization Group Equations
We develop a dynamical approach based on the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism to
derive a field-theoretic description of disordered and interacting electron
systems. We calculate within this formalism the perturbative RG equations for
interacting electrons expanded around a diffusive Fermi liquid fixed point, as
obtained originally by Finkelstein using replicas. The major simplifying
feature of this approach, as compared to Finkelstein's is that instead of replicas, we only need to consider N=2 species. We compare the dynamical
Schwinger-Keldysh approach and the replica methods, and we present a simple and
pedagogical RG procedure to obtain Finkelstein's RG equations.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figure
Dual Vortex Theory of Strongly Interacting Electrons: Non-Fermi Liquid to the (Hard) Core
As discovered in the quantum Hall effect, a very effective way for
strongly-repulsive electrons to minimize their potential energy is to aquire
non-zero relative angular momentum. We pursue this mechanism for interacting
two-dimensional electrons in zero magnetic field, by employing a representation
of the electrons as composite bosons interacting with a Chern-Simons gauge
field. This enables us to construct a dual description in which the fundamental
constituents are vortices in the auxiliary boson fields. The resulting
formalism embraces a cornucopia of possible phases. Remarkably,
superconductivity is a generic feature, while the Fermi liquid is not --
prompting us to conjecture that such a state may not be possible when the
interactions are sufficiently strong. Many aspects of our earlier discussions
of the nodal liquid and spin-charge separation find surprising incarnations in
this new framework.Comment: Modified dicussion of the hard-core model, correcting several
mistake
Measurements of 181Ta(n,2n)180Ta reaction cross-section at the neutron energy of 14.78 MeV
The cross-section of the 181Ta(n,2n)180Ta reaction has been measured with respect to the 197Au(n,2n)196Au monitor reaction at the incident neutron energy of 14.78± 0.20 MeV, using neutron activation analysis and off-line -ray spectrometric technique. The present measurement has been done at the energy where discrepant measured results are available in the EXFOR data library. The result has been compared with evaluated data libraries JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VII.1. The present result has also been supported by theoretical predictions of nuclear model code TALYS1.8 and TALYS-1.9. The uncertainty and the correlations among the measured cross-section has been studied using co-variance analysis
Pion Freeze-Out Time in Pb+Pb Collisions at 158 A GeV/c Studied via pi-/pi+ and K-/K+ Ratios
The effect of the final state Coulomb interaction on particles produced in
Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV/c has been investigated in the WA98 experiment
through the study of the pi-/pi+ and K-/K+ ratios measured as a function of
transverse mass. While the ratio for kaons shows no significant transverse mass
dependence, the pi-/pi+ ratio is enhanced at small transverse mass values with
an enhancement that increases with centrality. A silicon pad detector located
near the target is used to estimate the contribution of hyperon decays to the
pi-/pi+ ratio. The comparison of results with predictions of the RQMD model in
which the Coulomb interaction has been incorporated allows to place constraints
on the time of the pion freeze-out.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
The energy dependence of angular correlations inferred from mean- fluctuation scale dependence in heavy ion collisions at the SPS and RHIC
We present the first study of the energy dependence of angular
correlations inferred from event-wise mean transverse momentum
fluctuations in heavy ion collisions. We compare our large-acceptance
measurements at CM energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV to
SPS measurements at 12.3 and 17.3 GeV. $p_t$ angular correlation structure
suggests that the principal source of $p_t$ correlations and fluctuations is
minijets (minimum-bias parton fragments). We observe a dramatic increase in
correlations and fluctuations from SPS to RHIC energies, increasing linearly
with $\ln \sqrt{s_{NN}}$ from the onset of observable jet-related
fluctuations near 10 GeV.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Phi meson production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt (s)=200 GeV
We report the STAR measurement of Phi meson production in Au+Au and p+p
collisions at sqrt (s)=200 GeV. Using the event mixing technique, the Phi
spectra and yields are obtained at mid-rapidity for five centrality bins in
Au+Au collisions and for non-singly-diffractive p+p collisions. It is found
that the Phi transverse momentum distributions from Au+Au collisions are better
fitted with a single-exponential while the p+p spectrum is better described by
a double-exponential distribution. The measured nuclear modification factors
indicate that Phi production in central Au+Au collisions is suppressed relative
to peripheral collisions when scaled by the number of binary collisions. The
systematics of versus centrality and the constant Phi/K- ratio versus beam
species, centrality, and collision energy rule out kaon coalescence as the
dominant mechanism for Phi production.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Azimuthal anisotropy at RHIC: the first and fourth harmonics
We report the first observations of the first harmonic (directed flow, v_1),
and the fourth harmonic (v_4), in the azimuthal distribution of particles with
respect to the reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion
Collider (RHIC). Both measurements were done taking advantage of the large
elliptic flow (v_2) generated at RHIC. From the correlation of v_2 with v_1 it
is determined that v_2 is positive, or {\it in-plane}. The integrated v_4 is
about a factor of 10 smaller than v_2. For the sixth (v_6) and eighth (v_8)
harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.Comment: 6 pages with 3 figures, as accepted for Phys. Rev. Letters The data
tables are at
http://www.star.bnl.gov/central/publications/pubDetail.php?id=3
Pion, kaon, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum distributions from p+p and d+Au collisions at GeV
Identified mid-rapidity particle spectra of , , and
from 200 GeV p+p and d+Au collisions are reported. A
time-of-flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology
is used for particle identification. The particle-species dependence of the
Cronin effect is observed to be significantly smaller than that at lower
energies. The ratio of the nuclear modification factor () between
protons and charged hadrons () in the transverse momentum
range GeV/c is measured to be
(stat)(syst) in minimum-bias collisions and shows little
centrality dependence. The yield ratio of in minimum-bias d+Au
collisions is found to be a factor of 2 lower than that in Au+Au collisions,
indicating that the Cronin effect alone is not enough to account for the
relative baryon enhancement observed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. We extended the pion spectra from
transverse momentum 1.8 GeV/c to 3. GeV/
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