Initial results of NEXT-DEMO, a large-scale prototype of the NEXT-100 experiment

NEXT-DEMO is a large scale prototype and demonstrator of the NEXT-100 High Pressure Xenon Gas TPC, which will search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe-136 using 100-150 kg of enriched xenon gas. The apparatus was built to prove the expected performance of NEXT-100, namely, energy resolution better than 1% FWHM at 2.5 MeV and event topological reconstruction. In this paper we describe the operation and initial results of the detector. A resolution of 1.7% FWHM at 511 keV (0.77% FWHM at 2.5 MeV) is obtained in the full fiducial volume of the detector. A topological analysis shows that electrons are identified by the characteristic blob energy deposit associated to the Bragg peak in 98.5% of the cases, with a rate of misidentification (two blobs) of 0.14%

Far-field beam pattern technique for high pointing accuracy characterization of GUSTO HEB mixer arrays

Tera-Hertz SensingQCD/DiCarlo LabImPhys/Optic

Far-field beam pattern technique for high pointing accuracy characterization of GUSTO HEB mixer arrays

Tera-Hertz SensingQCD/DiCarlo LabImPhys/Optic

Nature of the optical transition in (In,Ga)AS(N)/GaP quantum dots (QDs): effect of QD size, indium composition and nitrogen incorporation

The structural properties of (In,Ga)As/GaP quantum dots (QDs) are studied by plane view and cross scanning tunneling microscopy. Time-resolved and pressure dependent photoluminescence experiments show a ground optical transition of indirect type. Mixed k.p/tight-binding simulations indicate a possible indirect to direct crossover depending on indium content and QD size. The incorporation of nitrogen in QDs is finally shown

Inflight proton activation and damage on a CdTe detection plane

Future high-energy space telescope missions require further analysis of orbital environment induced activation and radiation damage on main instruments. A scientific satellite is exposed to the charged particles harsh environment, mainly geomagnetically trapped protons (up to ∼300 MeV) that interact with the payload materials, generating nuclear activation background noise within instruments' operational energy range and causing radiation damage in detector material. As a consequence, instruments' performances deteriorate during the mission time-frame. In order to optimize inflight operational performances of future CdTe high-energy telescope detection planes under orbital radiation environment, we measured and analyzed the effects generated by protons on CdTe ACRORAD detectors with 2.56 cm2 sensitive area and 2 mm thickness. To carry-out this study, several sets of measurements were performed under a ∼14 MeV cyclotron proton beam. Nuclear activation radionuclides' identification was performed. Estimation of activation background generated by short-lived radioisotopes during one day was less than ∼1.3 ×10-5 counts cm-2 s-1 keV-1 up to 800 keV. A noticeable gamma-rays energy resolution degradation was registered (∼60% @ 122 keV, ∼14% @ 511 and ∼2.2% @ 1275 keV) after an accumulated proton fluence of 4.5 ×1010 protons cm-2, equivalent to ∼22 years in-orbit fluence. One year later, the energy resolution of the irradiated prototype showed a good level of performancerecovery

Diversidade genética de Begomovirus que infectam plantas invasoras na região nordeste Genetic diversity of Begomovirus infecting weeds in northeastern Brazil

Os Begomovirus fazem parte de uma família numerosa de fitovírus denominada Geminiviridae. Eles infectam ampla gama de hospedeiras, incluindo muitas espécies cultivadas, como tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum), feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris), pimentão (Capsicum annuum), caupi (Vigna unguiculata), mandioca (Manihot esculenta) etc., além de plantas invasoras de várias espécies. Em alguns casos, plantas invasoras podem funcionar como reservatórios desses vírus para plantas cultivadas, mediante transmissão pelo inseto-vetor. No presente trabalho, plantas invasoras com sintomas de mosaico amarelo, deformação do limbo foliar e redução do crescimento foram avaliadas no tocante à presença de Begomovirus mediante a técnica de PCR, empregando-se oligonucleotídeos universais para detecção desses vírus. Foram avaliadas 11 amostras, correspondendo a 10 espécies, coletadas em municípios dos Estados de Alagoas, Pernambuco e Bahia. Algumas, como Herissantia crispa, Waltheria indica e Triumfetta semitriloba, são relatadas pela primeira vez como espécies hospedeiras de Begomovirus. Para estimar a variabilidade genética dos Begomovirus detectados, o produto de amplificação dos diversos isolados foi clivado com as enzimas de restrição EcoRI, HinfI e TaqI. Confirmando resultados obtidos para plantas cultivadas por outros grupos de pesquisa, foram observados padrões distintos de clivagem para os isolados estudados, evidenciando a grande variabilidade genética desses vírus.<br>Genus Begomovirus belong to the family Geminiviridae. Begomovirus is associated with a wide range of hosts, including many cultivated species such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), pepper (Capsicum annuum), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), cassava (Manihot esculenta), etc., besides many weed species. It has been demonstrated that in some cases weeds act as virus reservoirs for cultivated plants. In the present work, weed samples presenting yellow mosaic, foliar malformation and size reduction were tested by PCR for infection by Begomovirus, using specific degenerate oligonucleotides. Eleven samples corresponding to 10 plant species were collected in the countryside towns in the states of Alagoas, Pernambuco and Bahia. Some plant species such as Herissantia crispa, Waltheria indica and Triumfetta semitriloba are reported for the first time as hosts for Begomovirus. To estimate the genetic diversity of the detected Begomovirus, the amplified products of several isolates were cleaved with each three restriction enzymes, EcoRI, HinfI, and TaqI. Different patterns were observed for the studied isolates, pointing out to a great genetic diversity for these viruses

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0–100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8–98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9–97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5–97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1–24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3–23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2–26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1–93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4–53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6–68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3–38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view—and subsequent provision—of quality health care for all populations. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation