1,158 research outputs found
The effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on state anxiety and cognitive function
Background: There is a paucity of data directly comparing the effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise within a single cohort. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effects of an acute bout of aerobic and resistance exercise on state anxiety and cognitive function. Equipment and methods: Participants completed three laboratory visits randomized between aerobic exercise (cycling at a self-selected intensity), resistance exercise (three sets; 10 repetitions; six exercises), and a control condition (seated rest). State anxiety and cognitive function were assessed before and after each condition. Results: Reductions in state anxiety that approached significance were seen immediately following aerobic exercise yet were non-significant in the resistance and control conditions. Cognitive function significantly improved following aerobic exercise yet this was not evident in the resistance or control conditions. Conclusion: Acute aerobic exercise at a self-selected intensity may be an effective way of reducing state anxiety and improving cognitive function, when compared to seated rest or resistance training
Excess mortality among the elderly in 12 European countries, February and March 2012
In February and March 2012, excess deaths among the elderly have been observed in 12 European countries that carry out weekly monitoring of all-cause mortality. These preliminary data indicate that the impact of influenza in Europe differs from the recent pandemic and post-pandemic seasons. The current excess mortality among the elderly may be related to the return of influenza A(H3N2) virus, potentially with added effects of a cold snap
Neutralino Dark Matter in a Class of Unified Theories
The cosmological significance of the neutralino sector is studied for a class
of models in which electroweak symmetry breaking is seeded by a gauge singlet.
Extensive use is made of the renormalisation group equations to significantly
reduce the parameter space, by deriving analytic expressions for all the
supersymmetry-breaking couplings in terms of the universal gaugino mass
, the universal scalar mass and the coupling . The
composition of the LSP is determined exactly below the W mass, no
approximations are made for sfermion masses, and all particle exchanges are
considered in calculating the annihilation cross-section; the relic abundance
is then obtained by an analytic approximation. We find that in these models,
stable neutralinos may make a significant contribution to the dark matter in
the universe.Comment: 24 Pages, OUTP-92-10
Bounding Helly numbers via Betti numbers
We show that very weak topological assumptions are enough to ensure the
existence of a Helly-type theorem. More precisely, we show that for any
non-negative integers and there exists an integer such that
the following holds. If is a finite family of subsets of such that for any
and every
then has Helly number at most . Here
denotes the reduced -Betti numbers (with singular homology). These
topological conditions are sharp: not controlling any of these first Betti numbers allow for families with unbounded Helly number.
Our proofs combine homological non-embeddability results with a Ramsey-based
approach to build, given an arbitrary simplicial complex , some well-behaved
chain map .Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure
Macrophages exert homeostatic actions in pregnancy to protect against preterm birth and fetal inflammatory injury
Macrophages are commonly thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of preterm labor by amplifying inflammation â but a protective role has not previously been considered to our knowledge. We hypothesized that given their antiinflammatory capability in early pregnancy, macrophages exert essential roles in maintenance of late gestation and that insufficient macrophages may predispose individuals to spontaneous preterm labor and adverse neonatal outcomes. Here, we showed that women with spontaneous preterm birth had reduced CD209âșCD206âș expression in alternatively activated CD45âșCD14âșICAM3â» macrophages and increased TNF expression in proinflammatory CD45âșCD14âșCD80âșHLA-DRâș macrophages in the uterine decidua at the materno-fetal interface. In Cd11b(DTR/DTR) mice, depletion of maternal CD11bâș myeloid cells caused preterm birth, neonatal death, and postnatal growth impairment, accompanied by uterine cytokine and leukocyte changes indicative of a proinflammatory response, while adoptive transfer of WT macrophages prevented preterm birth and partially rescued neonatal loss. In a model of intra-amniotic inflammationâinduced preterm birth, macrophages polarized in vitro to an M2 phenotype showed superior capacity over nonpolarized macrophages to reduce uterine and fetal inflammation, prevent preterm birth, and improve neonatal survival. We conclude that macrophages exert a critical homeostatic regulatory role in late gestation and are implicated as a determinant of susceptibility to spontaneous preterm birth and fetal inflammatory injury.Nardhy Gomez-Lopez, Valeria Garcia-Flores, Peck Yin Chin, Holly M. Groome, Melanie T. Bijland, Kerrilyn R. Diener, Roberto Romero, and Sarah A. Robertso
Schottky barrier heights at polar metal/semiconductor interfaces
Using a first-principle pseudopotential approach, we have investigated the
Schottky barrier heights of abrupt Al/Ge, Al/GaAs, Al/AlAs, and Al/ZnSe (100)
junctions, and their dependence on the semiconductor chemical composition and
surface termination. A model based on linear-response theory is developed,
which provides a simple, yet accurate description of the barrier-height
variations with the chemical composition of the semiconductor. The larger
barrier values found for the anion- than for the cation-terminated surfaces are
explained in terms of the screened charge of the polar semiconductor surface
and its image charge at the metal surface. Atomic scale computations show how
the classical image charge concept, valid for charges placed at large distances
from the metal, extends to distances shorter than the decay length of the
metal-induced-gap states.Comment: REVTeX 4, 11 pages, 6 EPS figure
Cluster Monte Carlo and dynamical scaling for long-range interactions
Many spin systems affected by critical slowing down can be efficiently
simulated using cluster algorithms. Where such systems have long-range
interactions, suitable formulations can additionally bring down the
computational effort for each update from O() to O() or even
O(), thus promising an even more dramatic computational speed-up. Here, we
review the available algorithms and propose a new and particularly efficient
single-cluster variant. The efficiency and dynamical scaling of the available
algorithms are investigated for the Ising model with power-law decaying
interactions.Comment: submitted to Eur. Phys. J Spec. Topic
Immunogenicity of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E
Neurological disorder associated with pestivirus infection in sheep in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
FrequĂȘncia de anticorpos e fatores de risco para a infecção pelo vĂrus da diarreia viral bovina em fĂȘmeas bovinas leiteiras nĂŁo vacinadas na regiĂŁo AmazĂŽnica Maranhense, Brasil
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