Ecology and environment

In introduction I want mention a briefly about ecology, then I will mention some problems and solution. Ecology is the study of the ways in which organisms (plants and animals) depend upon each other and upon their surroundings. Each organism requires conditions in order to be able to live and breed. These conditions are its environment by changing the ecological conditions. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3157

The problem of integral geometry in a strip with weight function

In this work we consider the problem of reconstructing a function from a family of parabolas in the upper half-plane with a weight function having a singularity. The uniqueness of theorem for the solution of equation is proved and the inversion formula is derived. It is shown that the solution of the problem posed is weakly ill-posed, that is, stability estimates are obtained in spaces of finite smoothness

Prevalence of Ecto-and Endoparasites in Animals

The article presents information on the spreading of common pest ecto- and endoparasites among farm and laboratory animals, as well as in the areas of livestock farms

Ways to control asynchronous motor with phase rotor of mining machines

The article describes various methods of controlling asynchronous motors with a phase rotor. To solve the problems of controlling speeds and moments in a modern electric drive, two main methods of frequency control are used: scalar and vector. Advantages and disadvantages of scalar and vector control, voltage dependence are given

Analysis of organic solvents released during painting and drying of automobiles and household products

The article presents the results of a study of the drying process of paints and varnishes based on organic solvents. and environmental problems. An analysis of the current scale of their use is carried out and an assessment is made of environmental problems associated with their evaporation. The issues of organizing the collection of the resulting solvent vapors and their further use, taking into account their use in specially equipped rooms, are considered

Forming neuroendocrine apparatus of lung in ontogenesis

Aim of the research is to show the developing legitimacy APUD-system of lungs in pre and post ontogenesis. Condition of neuroendocrine apparatus of lungs on rabbits was studied during the fetal embryogenesis of inner development and after 1-180 days of the birth. Duration of the research on rabbits was chosen according to their changing afterbirth features as physiological function of organism; was selected the periods of newborn stage, enlightenment, complication of locomotion, pre-pubertal and pubertal. Materials were fixed by immersion in liquid of Buena. After suitable wiring, the material was flooded in paraffin. Histologic shears were colored hematoxylin and eosin, stain of Van –Gieson, resorcinol-fuchsinol of Veingeirt. For detecting endocrine cells of shear impregnated by the method of Gremeluise. Luminescent histochemical research was done with the help of V.N. Shvalyova and N.N. Juchkova method with applying glyoxylic acid on fresh-iced shears. For defining, the amount of fluorescent monoamine (serotonin and catecholamine) was used microfluorimetry. However, the intensification of histogenetic processes occurring in the organ after birth due to the expansion of physiological functions is accompanied by an increase in the number of apudocytes and NET. The content of catecholamines and serotonin in neuroendocrine structures depends on the period of growth and differentiation of the lung: during the intensive growth of the respiratory organs in the fetal period and in newborns, the level of catecholamines in apudocytes and NET is increased; with the predominance of differentiation processes in the neuroendocrine apparatus, the serotonin content increases

Международный опрос о применении кальция при отключении от искусственного кровообращения

The objective: to evaluate the international practice of using calcium salts when weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass after cardiac surgery in adult patients.Design: a multiple-choice survey about the current practice of calcium salts use when weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass based on the SurveyMonkey platform.Participants: cardiac surgical hospitals around the world.Estimation and main results. Totally 112 emails were sent to Russian and foreign centers inviting them to participate in the survey. 100 centers from 32 countries replied to this request. Generally, the majority of centers (88%) administer calcium salts during surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and in 71 (71%) centers out of 100, calcium salts are used to improve hemodynamics. Among 88 centers that use calcium salts during surgery, 66% (58/88) of respondents use calcium chloride, 22% (19/88) use calcium gluconate, and 12% (11/88) use both drugs. Most centers (55 (77%) out of 71) use doses of 5 to 15 mg/kg as a bolus or infusion for 1 min.Conclusion: Our survey shows that the majority of cardiac surgery centers use calcium in adult cardiac surgery patients especially during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. There is variability in the type of drug, dose, and route of administration.Задача: оценить международную практику использования солей кальция при отключении от аппарата искусственного кровообращения (ИК) после кардиохирургических операций у взрослых пациентов.Дизайн: опрос с несколькими вариантами ответов о текущей практике использования солей кальция при отключении от аппарата ИК на базе платформы SurveyMonkey.Участники: кардиохирургические госпитали по всему миру.Расчет и основные результаты. Всего отправлено 112 электронных писем в российские и зарубежные центры с приглашением принять участие в опросе. Получены ответы из 100 центров 32 стран. В основном большинство центров (88%) вводят соли кальция во время операции в условиях ИК, причем в 71 (71%) центре из 100 соли кальция используются для улучшения гемодинамики. Среди 88 центров, которые применяют соли кальция во время операции, 66% (58/88) респондентов используют хлорид кальция, 22% (19/88) ‒ глюконат кальция, 12% (11/88) ‒ оба препарата. Большинство центров (55 (77%) из 71) используют дозы от 5 до 15 мг/кг в виде болюса либо в виде инфузии в течение 1 мин.Вывод. Наш опрос показывает, что большинство кардиохирургических центров используют кальций у взрослых пациентов, перенесших операции на сердце, особенно во время отключения от ИК. Существует вариативность в отношении типа препарата, дозы и способа введения препарата

КОРРЕКЦИЯ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНОЙ ОКСИГЕНАЦИИ С ЦЕЛЬЮ СНИЖЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ У КАРДИОХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ВЫСОКОГО РИСКА

The imbalance between oxygen delivery and consumption in the brain can lead to unfavorable post-operative outcomes of cardiac surgery. The authors evaluated the effect of the protocol on management of cerebral oxygenation episodes during the post-operative period in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery and facing a high risk of complications. Subjects: Patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery and/or cardiac valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, were randomly divided into two groups: the interventional group (n = 60), where a special protocol was used to manage desaturation episodes, and the control group (n = 60) where only blinded monitoring of cerebral oximetry was used. Within 30 days after surgery, the development of desaturation episodes during surgery was assessed as well as the occurrence of complications (myocardial infarction, brain damage of the 1st and 2nd types, infectious complications, prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs, arrhythmia, repeated thoracotomy, acute renal damage) in both groups. Results. The duration and intensity of desaturation did not significantly differ between the groups. The composite outcome was observed in 41 (68.3%) patients in the intervention group and in 38 (63.3%) of them in the control group (p = 0.70), and no significant difference was found in the frequency of individual components of the composite outcome. It was found out that desaturation significantly affected the development of delirium (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.05, p = 0.03, to reduce % of the area under saturation curve for the less than 60% of the absolute value per every 5 minutes). Conclusion. The cerebral oximetry correction protocol provided no effect on prevention of complications in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the reduction of cerebral oximetry turned out to be significant to predict the development of post-operative delirium, and it noted the need to search for ways to manage oxygen imbalance during surgery.Нарушение баланса между доставкой и потреблением кислорода в головном мозге может привести к неблагоприятным послеоперационным исходам в кардиохирургической практике. Авторы оценили влияние протокола по устранению эпизодов снижения церебральной оксигенации на течение послеоперационного периода у кардиохирургических пациентов с высоким риском развития осложнений. Методы. Пациенты, которым выполняли операции коронарного шунтирования и/или коррекции клапанного аппарата сердца в условиях искусственного кровообращения, рандомизированы на две группы: интервенционную (n = 60), где для коррекции эпизодов десатурации использовали специальный протокол, и контрольную группу (n = 60), где осуществляли только ослепленный мониторинг церебральной оксиметрии. Выполнена оценка развития эпизодов десатурации во время операции и возникновения осложнений (инфаркт миокарда, повреждения головного мозга 1-го и 2-го типов, инфекционные осложнения, продленная искусственная вентиляция легких, аритмия, реторакотомия, острое почечное повреждение) в течение 30 дней после операции в обеих группах. Результаты. Продолжительность и выраженность десатурации достоверно не различались между группами. Композитный исход возник у 41 (68,3%) пациента в интервенционной группе и у 38 (63,3%) – в контрольной (p = 0,70), также не обнаружено достоверных различий в частоте развития отдельных компонентов композитного исхода. Выявлено, что десатурация значительно влияет на развитие делирия (отношение шансов 1,03, 95%-ный доверительный интервал 1,01–1,05, p = 0,03 для снижения на каждые 5 мин∙% площади под кривой сатурации менее абсолютного значения 60%). Заключение. Протокол коррекции церебральной оксиметрии не оказывал влияния на предотвращение развития осложнений у кардиохирургических пациентов высокого риска. Однако снижение церебральной оксиметрии оказалось прогностически значимым в развитии послеоперационного делирия, что указывает на необходимость поиска подходов к устранению нарушения кислородного баланса во время операции