10,465 research outputs found
Effect of Age and Food Novelty on Food Memory
The influence of age of the consumer and food novelty on incidentally learned food memory was investigated by providing a meal containing novel and familiar target items under the pretense of a study on hunger feelings to 34 young and 36 older participants in France and to 24 young and 20 older participants in Denmark and testing them a day later on recognition of the targets among a set of distractors that were variations of the target made by adding or subtracting taste (sour or sweet) or aroma (orange or red berry flavor). Memory was also tested by asking participants to indicate whether the target and the distractors were equal to or less or more intense than the remembered target in sourness sweetness and aroma. The results showed that when novelty is defined as whether people know or not a given product, it has a strong influence on memory performance, but that age did not, the elderly performing just as well as the young. The change in the distractors was more readily detected with familiar than with novel targets where the participants were still confused by the target itself. Special attention is given to the influence of the incidental learning paradigm on the outcome and to the ways in which it differs from traditional recognition experiments
The Use of Brands in Food Marketing - Results from a Survey of Danish Food Industry Firms
The paper tests a number of hypotheses concerning branding behaviour of the food industry found in the literature. Based on a survey of 109 Danish food industry firms conducted in 2004, three aspects of branding strategies are analysed, i) the number of brands owned by the firm, ii) the number of brands introduced by the firm during the past year and iii) the percentage of sales obtained from production under private labels. Firms' branding behaviour is related to structural variables including firm size, degree of vertical integration, value added as well as firms' views on food chain organisation and competitiveness.Brands, Private labels, Food industry, Survey, Marketing, Q13,
The relevance of a rules-based maize marketing policy : an experimental case study of Zambia
Strategic interaction between public and private actors is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of agricultural market performance in Africa and elsewhere. Trust and consultation tend to positively affect private activity while uncertainty of government behavior impedes it. This paper reports on a laboratory experiment based on a stylized model of the Zambian maize market. The experiment facilitates a comparison between discretionary interventionism and a rules-based policy in which the government pre-commits itself to a future course of action. A simple precommitment rule can, in theory, overcome the prevailing strategic dilemma by encouraging private sector participation. Although this result is also borne out in the economic experiment, the improvement in private sector activity is surprisingly small and not statistically significant due to irrationally cautious choices by experimental governments. Encouragingly, a rules-based policy promotes a much more stable market outcome, thereby substantially reducing the risk of severe food shortages. These results underscore the importance of predictable and transparent rules for the state's involvement in agricultural markets.Markets and Market Access,Food&Beverage Industry,Public Sector Corruption&Anticorruption Measures,Food Security,Access to Markets
Near-Infrared Observations of the Environments of Radio Quiet QSOs at z >~ 1
We present the results of an infrared survey of QSO fields at z=0.95, 0.995
and 1.5. Each z<1 field was imaged to typical continuum limits of J=20.5,
Kprime=19 (5 sigma), and line fluxes of 1.3E10{-16}ergs/cm^2/s (1 sigma)in a 1%
interference filter. 16 fields were chosen with z~0.95 targets, 14 with z~0.995
and 6 with z~1.5. A total area of 0.05 square degrees was surveyed, and two
emission-line objects were found. We present the infrared and optical
photometry of these objects. Optical spectroscopy has confirmed the redshift of
one object (at z=0.989) and is consistent with the other object having a
similar redshift. We discuss the density of such objects across a range of
redshifts from this survey and others in the literature. We also present
number-magnitude counts for galaxies in the fields of radio quiet QSOs,
supporting the interpretation that they exist in lower density environments
than their radio loud counterparts. The J-band number counts are among the
first to be published in the J=16--20.Comment: 34 pages, including 12 figures; accepted for publication in the Ap
Human embryonic stem cell research, justice, and the problem of unequal biological access
In 2003, Ruth Faden and eighteen other colleagues argued that a "problem of unequal biological access" is likely to arise in access to therapies resulting from human embryonic stem cell research. They showed that unless deliberate steps are taken in the United States to ensure that the human embryonic stem cell lines available to researchers mirrors the genetic diversity of the general population, white Americans will likely receive the benefits of these therapies to the relative exclusion of minority ethnic groups
Walter Campbell:A distinguished life
An efficient and simple synthesis approach to form stable (68) Ga-labeled nanogels is reported and their fundamental properties investigated. Nanogels are obtained by self-assembly of amphiphilic statistical prepolymers derivatised with chelating groups for radiometals. The resulting nanogels exhibit a well-defined spherical shape with a diameter of 290 +/- 50 nm. The radionuclide (68) Ga is chelated in high radiochemical yields in an aqueous medium at room temperature. The phagocytosis assay demonstrates a highly increased internalization of nanogels by activated macrophages. Access to these (68) Ga-nanogels will allow the investigation of general behavior and clearance pathways of nanogels in vivo by nuclear molecular imaging
Evidence of microscopic effects in fragment mass distribution in heavy ion induced fusion-fission reactions
Our measurements of variances () in mass distributions of
fission fragments from fusion-fission reactions of light projectiles (C, O and
F) on deformed thorium targets exhibit a sharp anomalous increase with energy
near the Coulomb barrier, in contrast to the smooth variation of
for the spherical bismuth target. This departure from expectation based on a
statistical description is explained in terms of microscopic effects arising
from the orientational dependence in the case of deformed thorium targets.Comment: Replaced with revised version, to appear in Phys. Lett.
Scalar field theory on kappa-Minkowski spacetime and translation and Lorentz invariance
We investigate the properties of kappa-Minkowski spacetime by using
representations of the corresponding deformed algebra in terms of undeformed
Heisenberg-Weyl algebra. The deformed algebra consists of kappa-Poincare
algebra extended with the generators of the deformed Weyl algebra. The part of
deformed algebra, generated by rotation, boost and momentum generators, is
described by the Hopf algebra structure. The approach used in our
considerations is completely Lorentz covariant. We further use an adventages of
this approach to consistently construct a star product which has a property
that under integration sign it can be replaced by a standard pointwise
multiplication, a property that was since known to hold for Moyal, but not also
for kappa-Minkowski spacetime. This star product also has generalized trace and
cyclic properties and the construction alone is accomplished by considering a
classical Dirac operator representation of deformed algebra and by requiring it
to be hermitian. We find that the obtained star product is not translationally
invariant, leading to a conclusion that the classical Dirac operator
representation is the one where translation invariance cannot simultaneously be
implemented along with hermiticity. However, due to the integral property
satisfied by the star product, noncommutative free scalar field theory does not
have a problem with translation symmetry breaking and can be shown to reduce to
an ordinary free scalar field theory without nonlocal features and tachionic
modes and basicaly of the very same form. The issue of Lorentz invariance of
the theory is also discussed.Comment: 22 pages, no figures, revtex4, in new version comments regarding
translation invariance and few references are added, accepted for publication
in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
Evaluation of Thermal Barrier and PS-200 Self-Lubricating Coatings in an Air-Cooled Rotary Engine
This project provides an evaluation of the feasibility and desirability of applying a thermal barrier coating overlaid with a wear coating on the internal surfaces of the combustion area of rotary engines. Many experiments were conducted with different combinations of coatings applied to engine components of aluminum, iron and titanium, and the engines were run on a well-instrumented test stand. Significant improvements in specific fuel consumption were achieved and the wear coating, PS-200, which was invented at NASA's Lewis Research Center, held up well under severe test conditions
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