2,316 research outputs found
Chronicity and Mental Health Service Utilization for Anxiety, Mood, and Substance Use Disorders among Black Men in the United States; Ethnicity and Nativity Differences.
This study investigated ethnic and nativity differences in the chronicity and treatment of psychiatric disorders of African American and Caribbean Black men in the U.S. Data were analyzed from the National Survey of American Life, a population-based study which included 1859 self-identified Black men (1222 African American, 176 Caribbean Black men born within the U.S., and 461 Caribbean Black men born outside the U.S.). Lifetime and twelve-month prevalence of DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders (including Bipolar I and Dysthmia), disorder chronicity, and rate of mental health services use among those meeting criteria for a lifetime psychiatric disorder were examined. Logistic regression models were employed to determine ethnic differences in chronicity, and treatment utilization for disorders. While rates of DSM-IV disorders were generally low in this community sample of Black men, their disorders were chronic and remained untreated. Caribbean Black men born in the U.S. had higher prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Alcohol Abuse Disorder compared with African American men. Foreign born Caribbean Black men experienced greater chronicity in Social Phobia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder compared to other Black Men. Utilization of mental health service was low for all groups of Black Men, but lowest for the foreign born Caribbean Black men. Results underscore the large unmet needs of both African American and Caribbean Black men in the United States. Results also highlight the role of ethnicity and nativity in mental disorder chronicity and mental health service utilization patterns of Black men
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Interventions to promote patients and families' involvement in adult intensive care settings: a protocol for a mixed-method systematic review.
BACKGROUND: There has been an identified need for greater patient and family member involvement in healthcare. This is particularly relevant in an intensive care unit (ICU), as the family provides a key communicative and practical link between patient and clinician. Family members have been deemed a positive beneficial influence on ICU care and recovery processes, yet they themselves are often emotionally affected after discharge. There has been no standardised evidenced-based approach which explores research on family member involvement and the range and quality of contributions remain unclear. This project will undertake a systematic review to assess the evidence base for interventions designed to promote patient and family member involvement in adult intensive care settings and develop a comprehensive typology of interventions for use by clinicians, patients and carers. METHODS: The following databases will be searched without date restriction: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL, as well as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Joanna Briggs and Cochrane Libraries. Manual searches of recent back issues of leading ICU and patient experience journals will also be undertaken, as will the reference lists of included studies. Unpublished literature will be sought through grey literature databases, including GreyLit and OpenGrey. All evaluation studies that consider intervention activities to promote patient and family member involvement in adult ICUs will be included; all research designs will be eligible. We will seek to include studies that report on a mixture of relevant outcomes for patients and family members. Abstracts and papers will be independently screened by at least two members of the team to determine their inclusion. Included papers will be assessed for methodological rigour using a standard rating approach, which assesses 'quality of study' and 'quality of information'. Quality assessment will be completed by at least two members of the team. Data on interventions, evaluation methods and outcomes will be collated using a predetermined extraction table. These are likely to be heterogeneous in nature, which will mean that the review will follow a narrative approach to synthesis. DISCUSSION: The review will provide valuable and rigorous insight into the range and quality of interventions available to promote patient and family member involvement in ICU. This is the first step towards addressing the absence of a synthesis of research for this context, and will, in addition, develop a typology of available interventions that will help service users and clinicians make informed decisions about the approaches to patient and family member involvement which they might want to adopt. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42018086325)
The second US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC2)
The second USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog, UCAC2 was released in July 2003.
Positions and proper motions for 48,330,571 sources (mostly stars) are
available on 3 CDs, supplemented with 2MASS photometry for 99.5% of the
sources. The catalog covers the sky area from -90 to +40 degrees declination,
going up to +52 in some areas; this completely supersedes the UCAC1 released in
2001. Current epoch positions are obtained from observations with the USNO
8-inch Twin Astrograph equipped with a 4k CCD camera. The precision of the
positions are 15 to 70 mas, depending on magnitude, with estimated systematic
errors of 10 mas or below. Proper motions are derived by utilizing over 140
ground-and space-based catalogs, including Hipparcos/Tycho, the AC2000.2, as
well as yet unpublished re-measures of the AGK2 plates and scans from the NPM
and SPM plates. Proper motion errors are about 1 to 3 mas/yr for stars to 12th
magnitude, and about 4 to 7 mas/yr for fainter stars to 16th magnitude. The
observational data, astrometric reductions, results, and important information
for the users of this catalog are presented.Comment: accepted by AJ, AAS LaTeX, 14 figures, 10 table
Heating the hot atmospheres of galaxy groups and clusters with cavities: the relationship between jet power and low-frequency radio emission
We present scaling relations between jet power and radio power measured using
the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), Chandra and XMM-Newton, for a
sample of 9 galaxy groups combined with the Birzan et al. sample of clusters.
Cavity power is used as a proxy for mechanical jet power. Radio power is
measured at 235 MHz and 1.4 GHz, and the integrated 10 MHz-10 GHz radio
luminosity is estimated from the GMRT 610-235 MHz spectral index. The use of
consistently analysed, high resolution low-frequency radio data from a single
observatory makes the radio powers for the groups more reliable than those used
by previous studies, and the combined sample covers 6-7 decades in radio power
and 5 decades in cavity power. We find a relation of the form Pjet proportional
to Lradio^~0.7 for integrated radio luminosity, with a total scatter of
sigma_Lrad=0.63 and an intrinsic scatter of sigma_i,Lrad=0.59. A similar
relation is found for 235 MHz power, but a slightly flatter relation with
greater scatter is found for 1.4 GHz power, suggesting that low-frequency or
broad band radio measurements are superior jet power indicators. We find our
low-frequency relations to be in good agreement with previous observational
results. Comparison with jet models shows reasonable agreement, which may be
improved if radio sources have a significant low-energy electron population. We
consider possible factors which could bias our results or render them more
uncertain, and find that correcting for such factors in those groups we are
able to study in detail leads to a flattening of the Pjet:Lradio relation.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 7 pages, 3 figure
Exploring Zeptosecond Quantum Equilibration Dynamics: From Deep-Inelastic to Fusion-Fission Outcomes in Ni+Ni Reactions
Energy dissipative processes play a key role in how quantum many-body systems
dynamically evolve towards equilibrium. In closed quantum systems, such
processes are attributed to the transfer of energy from collective motion to
single-particle degrees of freedom; however, the quantum many-body dynamics of
this evolutionary process are poorly understood. To explore energy dissipative
phenomena and equilibration dynamics in one such system, an experimental
investigation of deep-inelastic and fusion-fission outcomes in the
Ni+Ni reaction has been carried out. Experimental outcomes have
been compared to theoretical predictions using Time Dependent Hartree Fock and
Time Dependent Random Phase Approximation approaches, which respectively
incorporate one-body energy dissipation and fluctuations. Excellent
quantitative agreement has been found between experiment and calculations,
indicating that microscopic models incorporating one-body dissipation and
fluctuations provide a potential tool for exploring dissipation in low-energy
heavy ion collisions.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, including Supplemental Material -
Version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter
Jet trails and Mach cones: The interaction of microquasars with the ISM
A sub-set of microquasars exhibit high peculiar velocity with respect to the
local standard of rest due to the kicks they receive when being born in
supernovae. The interaction between the radio plasma released by microquasar
jets from such high-velocity binaries with the ISM must lead to the production
of trails and bow shocks similar to what is observed in narrow-angle tailed
radio galaxies and pulsar wind nebulae. We present a set of numerical
simulations of this interaction that illuminate the long term dynamical
evolution and the observational properties of these microquasar bow shock
nebulae and trails. We find that this interaction always produces a structure
that consists of a bow shock, a trailing neck, and an expanding bubble. Using
our simulations to model emission, we predict that the shock surrounding the
bubble and the neck should be visible in H{\alpha} emission, the interior of
the bubble should be visible in synchrotron radio emission, and only the bow
shock is likely to be detectable in X-ray emission. We construct an analytic
model for the evolution of the neck and bubble shape and compare this model
with observations of X-ray binary SAX J1712.6-3739.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, 1 table; Accepted to Ap
The Feedback-Regulated Growth of Black Holes and Bulges through Gas Accretion and Starbursts in Cluster Central Dominant Galaxies
We present an analysis of the growth of black holes through accretion and
bulges through star formation in 33 galaxies at the centers of cooling flows.
Most of these systems show evidence of cavities in the intracluster medium
(ICM) inflated by radio jets emanating from their active galactic nuclei (AGN).
We present a new and extensive analysis of X-ray cavities in these systems. We
find that AGN are energetically able to balance radiative losses (cooling) from
the ICM in more than half of our sample. Using a subsample of 17 systems, we
examine the relationship between cooling and star formation. We find that the
star formation rates are approaching or are comparable to X-ray and far UV
limits on the rates of gas condensation onto the central galaxy. The remaining
radiative losses could be offset by AGN feedback. The vast gulf between
radiative losses and the sink of cooling material, which has been the primary
objection to cooling flows, has narrowed and, in some cases, is no longer a
serious issue. Using the cavity (jet) powers, we place strong lower limits on
the rate of growth of supermassive black holes in central galaxies, and we find
that they are growing at an average rate of ~ 0.1 solar masses per year, with
some systems growing as quickly as ~ 1 solar mass per year. We find a trend
between bulge growth (star formation) and black hole growth that is
approximately in accordance with the slope of the local (Magorrian) relation
between black hole and bulge mass. However, the large scatter in the trend
suggests that bulges and black holes do not always grow in lock step.
(Abridged)Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted to ApJ. Minor changes to text and
figure
Reduced quasifission competition in fusion reactions forming neutron-rich heavy elements
Measurements of mass-angle distributions (MADs) for Cr + W reactions,
providing a wide range in the neutron-to-proton ratio of the compound system,
(N/Z)CN, have allowed for the dependence of quasifission on the (N/Z)CN to be
determined in a model-independent way. Previous experimental and theoretical
studies had produced conflicting conclusions. The experimental MADs reveal an
increase in contact time and mass evolution of the quasifission fragments with
increasing (N/Z)CN, which is indicative of an increase in the fusion
probability. The experimental results are in agreement with microscopic
time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations of the quasifission process. The
experimental and theoretical results favor the use of the most neutron-rich
projectiles and targets for the production of heavy and superheavy nuclei.Comment: Accepted to PRC as a Rapid Communicatio
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