Petrography and geochemistry of ferricrete near Shire, northern Ethiopia

A detailed petrographic and geochemical study was conducted on ferricrete (laterite) developed on Mesozoic (?) ferruginous sandstone near Shire, Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. 30 rock samples were analyzed for major and minor elements and studied for petrographic details. Ferruginous sandstone overlying the Neoproterozoic low grade basement rocks dominantly contains quartz followed by orthoclase feldspar and iron oxides/hydroxides as cement. Residual enrichment process has resulted in the development 2-3m thick ferricrete horizon and also sub-horizons: mottled, mixed nodular and psuedo-pisolitic. Mineralogy of the ferricrete includes limonite, goethite and hematite. Arid conditions and dehydration reactions seem to have produced hematite from goethite. The ore minerals show replacement, cavity and fracture filling, remobilization and colloform textures. Si>Al>Fe is the mobility pattern observed in the ferricrete horizon though presence of secondary quartz and kaolinite are also common. Development of ferricrete is related to the climatic condition that existed during Eocene and is comparable with similar deposits in Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS).Key words: Ferricrete, Laterite, Ferruginous sandstone, Shire, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, AN

A review of \u3cem\u3eOrthochirus\u3c/em\u3e from Turkey, Iraq, and Iran (Khoozestan, Ilam, and Lorestan Provinces), with descriptions of three new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Three new species, Orthochirus fomichevi sp. n. from Turkey and Iraq, O. gantenbeini sp. n. from Iran (Khoozestan Province), and O. navidpouri sp. n. from Iran (Khoozestan and Lorestan Provinces) are described, compared with other Orthochirus species from the region, and fully illustrated with color photos. Lectotype of O. mesopotamicus Birula, 1918 stat. n. from Iran (Khoozestan Province) is designated. Emended diagnoses are given for O. iranus Kovařík, 2004, O. iraqus Kovařík, 2004, O. mesopotamicus Birula, 1918 stat. n., and O. zagrosensis Kovařík, 2004. A key and a distribution map are included

Prevalence and Occurrences of Flagellated Protozoan Cryptobia helicls in Garden Snail Helix sp

Abstract The prevalence and morphological feature of the flagellated protozoan , Cryptobia helicls living in the reproductive system of garden snail, Helix sp. (Muller,1774) found in Erbil cityKurdistan region, Iraq was investigated. The prevalence of Cryptobia helicls in garden snail Helix sp. collected in the spring of 2010 was found to be %20 this study is the first record of the occurrences of Cryptobia helicls in the garden snail, Helix sp. in Kurdistan region , Iraq

Intersecting motivations for leaving abusive relationships, substance abuse, and transactional sex among HIV high-risk women

Background: Women bear a significant burden of the HIV epidemic in the United States. Women classified as ‘HIV high-risk’ often bring co-existing histories of intimate partner violence (IPV), drug use, and transactional sex. To help inform future comprehensive HIV prevention strategies, we aimed to explore common motivating reasons and barriers to leaving and/or terminating engagement in each of these riskpromoting situations. Methods: Between August and November 2014, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 HIV high-risk women in Atlanta, Georgia who had experienced IPV in the previous 12 months, and used drugs and/or engaged in transactional sex in the previous five years. Participants were asked about histories of IPV, drug use, and/or engagement in transactional sex, and the motivating reasons and barriers to terminating each. Results: Women reported a range of motivating reasons for leaving IPV, drug use, and transactional sex. Overlapping themes included impact on children, personal physical health/safety, and life dissatisfaction. Financial need was identified as a common barrier to leaving. Conclusions: Future HIV prevention research should further explore the perceived impact of IPV, drug use, and transactional sex on physical health/safety, life dissatisfaction, one’s children, and financial need as motivators and barriers to reducing upstream HIV risk

Matrix tablet: a review

In order to achieve the therapeutic purpose, the choice of the most suitable delivery route is of indisputable importance. Therefore, certain factors must be taken into consideration when delivering a active substance, namely its own properties, the disease to be diagnosed and the desired beneficial time. The active substances can be directly to the target tissue or organ or can be delivered by systemic routes

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) DENGAN AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI LUAS PERMUKAAN DAN VOLUME LIMAS SISWA KELAS VIIID MTsN ARJASA JEMBER

Abstract. The Using of unsuitable learning model will result unoptimal learning. To avoid this, the teacher should be careful enough in selecting and using learning models, especially involve students actively. The result of information obtained from interviews with mathematic teacher, the assessment carried out based on one test only. This research was conducted to improve the grade VIII D student’s learning achievement and their active participation through the implication of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) method of cooperative learning type with authentic assessment on the surface area and volume of the pyramid at MTsN 1 Arjasa in the 2012/2013 academic year. The research design was Classroom Action Research (CAR), and the data collecting methods were observation, test, interview, and documentation. From the actions implemented in each cycle, it was proved that the students’ score improved from 66,65 in Cycle 1, to 78,94 in Cycle II. Thus, the average percentage of the second cycle was 83,33% and it fulfilled the research criteria, it showed that the implication of STAD can improve the students’ learning achievment and their active participation. Key Words : STAD, authentic assessment, surface area, volume, pyrami

The precision of today's satellite laser ranging systems

Recent improvements in the accuracy of modern satellite laser ranging (SLR) systems are strengthened by the new capability of many instruments to track an increasing number of geodetic satellite targets without significant scheduling conflict. This will allow the refinement of some geophysical parameters, such as solid Earth tidal effects and GM, and the improved temporal resolution of others, such as Earth orientation and station position. Better time resolution for the locations of fixed observatories will allow us to monitor more subtle motions at the stations, and transportable systems will be able to provide indicators of long term trends with shorter occupations. If we are to take advantage of these improvements, care must be taken to preserve the essential accuracy of an increasing volume of range observations at each stage of the data reduction process

The Impact of Non-coding RNAs in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a course of action that enables a polarized epithelial cell to undertake numerous biochemical alterations that allow it to adopt features of mesenchymal cells such as high migratory ability, invasive properties, resistance to apoptosis, and importantly higher-order formation of extracellular matrix elements. EMT has important roles in implantation and gastrulation of the embryo, inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, and transformation of cancer cells, their invasiveness and metastatic ability. Regarding the importance of EMT in the invasive progression of cancer, this process has been well studies in in this context. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to exert critical function in the regulation of cellular processes that are involved in the EMT. These processes include regulation of some transcription factors namely SNAI1 and SNAI2, ZEB1 and ZEB2, Twist, and E12/E47, modulation of chromatin configuration, alternative splicing, and protein stability and subcellular location of proteins. In the present paper, we describe the influence of ncRNAs including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the EMT process and their application as biomarkers for this process and cancer progression and their potential as therapeutic targets

Frequent but Predictable Droughts in East Africa Driven by a Walker Circulation Intensification

During and after recent La Niña events, the decline of the eastern East African (EA) March-April-May (MAM) rains has set the stage for life-threatening sequential October-November-December (OND) and MAM droughts. The MAM 2022 drought was the driest on record, preceded by three poor rainy seasons, and followed by widespread starvation. Connecting these dry seasons is an interaction between La Niña and climate change. This interaction provides important opportunities for long-lead prediction and proactive disaster risk management, but needs exploration. Here, for the first time, we use observations, reanalyses, and climate change simulations to show that post-1997 OND La Niña events are robust precursors of: (a) strong MAM “Western V sea surface temperature Gradients” in the Pacific, which (b) help produce large increases in moisture convergence and atmospheric heating near Indonesia, which in turn produce (c) regional shifts in moisture transports and vertical velocities, which (d) help explain the increased frequency of dry EA MAM rainy seasons. We also show that, at 20-year time scales, increases in atmospheric heating in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool region are attributable to warming Western V SST, which is in turn largely attributable to climate change. As energy builds up in the oceans and atmosphere, during and after La Niña events, we see stronger heating and heat convergence over warm tropical waters near Indonesia. The result of this causal chain is that increased Warm Pool atmospheric heating and moisture convergence sets the stage for dangerous sequential droughts in EA. These factors link EA drying to a stronger Walker Circulation and explain the predictable risks associated with recent La Niña events