2,080 research outputs found
Apollo Spacecraft Systems Analysis Program. Analysis of Rendezvous Radar Pearl Flight Test Data
Flight test data analysis for rendezvous radar performance during simulated lunar missio
Astrochemical confirmation of the rapid evolution of massive YSOs and explanation for the inferred ages of hot cores
Aims. To understand the roles of infall and protostellar evolution on the
envelopes of massive young stellar objects (YSOs).
Methods. The chemical evolution of gas and dust is traced, including infall
and realistic source evolution. The temperatures are determined
self-consistently. Both ad/desorption of ices using recent laboratory
temperature-programmed-desorption measurements are included.
Results. The observed water abundance jump near 100 K is reproduced by an
evaporation front which moves outward as the luminosity increases. Ion-molecule
reactions produce water below 100 K. The age of the source is constrained to t
\~ 8 +/- 4 x 10^4 yrs since YSO formation. It is shown that the chemical
age-dating of hot cores at ~ few x 10^3 - 10^4 yr and the disappearance of hot
cores on a timescale of ~ 10^5 yr is a natural consequence of infall in a
dynamic envelope and protostellar evolution. Dynamical structures of ~ 350AU
such as disks should contain most of the complex second generation species. The
assumed order of desorption kinetics does not affect these results.Comment: Accepted by A&A Letters; 4 pages, 5 figure
Models for Dense Molecular Cloud Cores
We present a detailed model for the thermal balance, chemistry, and radiative
transfer within quiescent dense molecular cloud cores that contain a central
protostar. Large variations in the gas temperature are expected to affect the
gas-phase chemistry dramatically; with the predicted H2O abundance varying by
more than a factor of 1000 within cloud cores. Based on our predicitions for
the thermal and chemical structure of the cores, we have constructed
self-consistent radiative transfer models to compute line strengths and
profiles for transitions of various isotopomers of CO, H2O, and OI. We predict
the high lying transitions of water to be in absorption, and low gain maser
emission at 183 GHz. We predict the 63 micron line of OI to be in absorption
against the continuum for many sources. Finally, our model can also account
successfully for recent ISO observations of absorption in rovibrational
transitions of water toward the source AFGL 2591.Comment: 36 pages, 18 figures, LaTex, Accepted for publication by ApJ (11/97
Karakterisasi Sifat Fisis Lumpur Panas Sidoarjo Dengan Aktivasi Kimia Dan Fisika
Lumpur panas Sidoarjo merupakan bencana yang mengakibatkan kerugian yang cukup besar. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi dampak kerugiannya adalah dengan memanfaatkannya. Dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya lumpur mampu dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben dan bahan bangunan. Untuk mengetahui performansinya diperlukan karakterisasi secara kimia dengan menggunakan HCl 3M maupun NaOH 3M dan pengaruhnya terhadap aktivasi fisika melalui proses kalsinasi. Dari hasil karakterisasi dengan menggunakan SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA-DSC, dan BET menunjukkan bahwa lumpur yang diaduk selama 1 jam pada larutan HCl 3M dan dikalsinasi pada suhu 800 oC selama 1 jam (H800) memiliki performansi terbaik
The effect of a strong external radiation field on protostellar envelopes in Orion
We discuss the effects of an enhanced interstellar radiation field (ISRF) on
the observables of protostellar cores in the Orion cloud region. Dust radiative
transfer is used to constrain the envelope physical structure by reproducing
SCUBA 850 micron emission. Previously reported 13CO, C17O and H2CO line
observations are reproduced through detailed Monte Carlo line radiative
transfer models. It is found that the 13CO line emission is marginally
optically thick and sensitive to the physical conditions in the outer envelope.
An increased temperature in this region is needed in order to reproduce the
13CO line strengths and it is suggested to be caused by a strong heating from
the exterior, corresponding to an ISRF in Orion 10^3 times stronger than the
"standard" ISRF. The typical temperatures in the outer envelope are higher than
the desorption temperature for CO. The C17O emission is less sensitive to this
increased temperature but rather traces the bulk envelope material. The data
are only fit by a model where CO is depleted, except in the inner and outermost
regions where the temperature increases above 30-40 K. The fact that the
temperatures do not drop below approximately 25 K in any of the envelopes
whereas a significant fraction of CO is frozen-out suggest that the
interstellar radiation field has changed through the evolution of the cores.
The H2CO lines are successfully reproduced in the model of an increased ISRF
with constant abundances of 3-5x10^{-10}.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Hole Spin Mixing in InAs Quantum Dot Molecules
Holes confined in single InAs quantum dots have recently emerged as a
promising system for the storage or manipulation of quantum information. These
holes are often assumed to have only heavy-hole character and further assumed
to have no mixing between orthogonal heavy hole spin projections (in the
absence of a transverse magnetic field). The same assumption has been applied
to InAs quantum dot molecules formed by two stacked InAs quantum dots that are
coupled by coherent tunneling of the hole between the two dots. We present
experimental evidence of the existence of a hole spin mixing term obtained with
magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy on such InAs quantum dot molecules. We
use a Luttinger spinor model to explain the physical origin of this hole spin
mixing term: misalignment of the dots along the stacking direction breaks the
angular symmetry and allows mixing through the light-hole component of the
spinor. We discuss how this novel spin mixing mechanism may offer new spin
manipulation opportunities that are unique to holes.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
The Complexity of Fixed-Height Patterned Tile Self-Assembly
We characterize the complexity of the PATS problem for patterns of fixed
height and color count in variants of the model where seed glues are either
chosen or fixed and identical (so-called non-uniform and uniform variants). We
prove that both variants are NP-complete for patterns of height 2 or more and
admit O(n)-time algorithms for patterns of height 1. We also prove that if the
height and number of colors in the pattern is fixed, the non-uniform variant
admits a O(n)-time algorithm while the uniform variant remains NP-complete. The
NP-completeness results use a new reduction from a constrained version of a
problem on finite state transducers.Comment: An abstract version appears in the proceedings of CIAA 201
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of the Molecular Biexciton in Vertically Stacked Quantum Dot Pairs
We present photoluminescence studies of the molecular neutral
biexciton-exciton spectra of individual vertically stacked InAs/GaAs quantum
dot pairs. We tune either the hole or the electron levels of the two dots into
tunneling resonances. The spectra are described well within a few-level,
few-particle molecular model. Their properties can be modified broadly by an
electric field and by structural design, which makes them highly attractive for
controlling nonlinear optical properties.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, (v2, revision based on reviewers comments,
published
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