The Synthesis and Evaluation of Flavone and Isoflavone Chimeras of Novobiocin and Derrubone

The natural products novobiocin and derrubone have both demonstrated Hsp90 inhibition and structure–activity relationships have been established for each scaffold. Given these compounds share several key structural features, we hypothesized that incorporation of elements from each could provide insight to structural features important for Hsp90 inhibition. Thus, chimeric analogues of novobiocin and derrubone were constructed and evaluated. These studies confirmed that the functionality present at the 3-position of the isoflavone plays a critical role in determining Hsp90 inhibition and suggests that the bicyclic ring system present in both novobiocin and derrubone do not share similar modes of binding

Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework

This paper focuses on scoping studies, an approach to reviewing the literature which to date has received little attention in the research methods literature. We distinguish between different types of scoping studies and indicate where these stand in relation to full systematic reviews. We outline a framework for conducting a scoping study based on our recent experiences of reviewing the literature on services for carers for people with mental health problems. Where appropriate, our approach to scoping the field is contrasted with the procedures followed in systematic reviews. We emphasize how including a consultation exercise in this sort of study may enhance the results, making them more useful to policy makers, practitioners and service users. Finally, we consider the advantages and limitations of the approach and suggest that a wider debate is called for about the role of the scoping study in relation to other types of literature reviews

The Legacy of the U. S. Public Health Service Study of Untreated Syphilis in African American Men at Tuskegee on the Affordable Care Act and Health Care Reform Fifteen Years after President Clinton's Apology

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2012.73080

Use of Drawings to Explore US Women's Perspectives on Why People Might Decline HIV Testing

The purpose of this research is to explore through drawings and verbal descriptions women's perspectives about reasons why persons might decline human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. We asked 30 participants to draw a person that would NOT get tested for HIV and then explain drawings. Using qualitative content analysis, we extracted seven themes. We found apprehension about knowing the result of an HIV test to be the most commonly identified theme in women's explanations of those who would not get tested. This technique was well received and its use is extended to HIV issues

Healthcare choice: Discourses, perceptions, experiences and practices

Policy discourse shaped by neoliberal ideology, with its emphasis on marketisation and competition, has highlighted the importance of choice in the context of healthcare and health systems globally. Yet, evidence about how so-called consumers perceive and experience healthcare choice is in short supply and limited to specific healthcare systems, primarily in the Global North. This special issue aims to explore how choice is perceived and utilised in the context of different systems of healthcare throughout the world, where choice, at least in policy and organisational terms, has been embedded for some time. The articles are divided into those emphasising: embodiment and the meaning of choice; social processes associated with choice; the uncertainties, risks and trust involved in making choices; and issues of access and inequality associated with enacting choice. These sociological studies reveal complexities not always captured in policy discourse and suggest that the commodification of healthcare is particularly problematic

Enhancing Smart Cities with IoT and Cloud Computing: A Study on Integrating Wireless Ad Hoc Networks for Efficient Communication

شهدت المدن الذكية تطورا جوهريا زاد من امكانياتها بشكل كبير .في الواقع ، لقد أتاحت التطورات الحديثة في انترنت الاشياء (IOT) فرصا جديدة من خلال حل عدد  من المشاكل الحرجة والتي ادت الى ابتكار المدن الذكية بالاضافة الى انشاء و حوسبة الخدمات و التطبيقات المتطورة للعديد من  المجاميع المطورة في المدينة . من اجل تعزيز تنمية المدن الذكية بأتجاه التواصل و المشاركة ،تركز هذه الدراسة على التطور في مجال المعلوماتية في ضوء انترنت الاشياء (IOT) و الحوسبة السحابية (CC) .جمعت بيانات انترنت الاشياء والتي تخص المدن الذكية بشكل متجانس . اصبح انترنت الاشياء الذي يسمح بتواصل الاشخاص مع بعضهم ممكنا باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي .بناءا على ذلك ،استخدمنا (ARF) في حسابات الذكاء الاصطناعي .للتبسيط ،ننصح باستخدام تخصيص اصول الالة الافتراضية للحوسبة السحابية التكيفية (ACC-VMRA ) .لتاكيد جدواها ،سنفحص و نضاعف كيفية تطبيق تطورات انترنت الاشياء (IOT ) و الحوسبة السحابية (CC) في المدن الذكية.تظهر نتائج التجربة ان حساب التحسين الموصى به اكثر انتاجية من الطرق الاخرى المستخدمة حاليا.Smart cities have recently undergone a fundamental evolution that has greatly increased their potentials. In reality, recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) have created new opportunities by solving a number of critical issues that are allowing innovations for smart cities as well as the creation and computerization of cutting-edge services and applications for the many city partners. In order to further the development of smart cities toward compelling sharing and connection, this study will explore the information innovation in smart cities in light of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing (CC). IoT data is first collected in the context of smart cities. The data that is gathered is uniform. The Internet of Things, which enables gadgets to connect with one another mostly without human involvement, is made possible by AI. In line with this, The Ad Hoc Routing Function (ARF) AI computation is used for multi-rule simplification, the use of Adaptive Cloud Computing Virtual Machine Asset Allotment Technique (ACC-VMRA) is advised. To confirm its viability, the applied developments of IoT and CC in smart cities is examined and duplicated. The experiment results show that the recommended enhancement calculation is more productive than other currently used methods

LOSS OF PHOSPHORUS BY RUNOFF FOR AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS

The loss of nutrients in runoff from agricultural land is a major cause of poor surface water quality in the United State. Scientists (NRCS) developed a technique to estimate the impact of agricultural watersheds on natural water resources. The objectives of this study were to apply this technique on the Wagon Train (WT),watershed to predict (1) loss of water by surface runoff, (2) loss of phosphorus (P) from soils by runoff and P loading for WT reservoir. The annual loss of water by runoff was estimated at 4.32 million m3 . The USGS data for a 50-year period (1951 to 2000) indicated that the average annual inflow for WT reservoir was 4.25 million m3 . The predicted annual P loss by runoff was 844 kg and could be considered as the annual loading for WT reservoir. The predicted P concentration in the runoff water at field sites was 196 μg/L. Phosphorus concentration observed in major streams at the beginning of spring (March) ranged from 99 μg/L to 240 μg/L with an average of 162 μg/L (S.D..= 40 μg/L), and the average P concentration in water samples taken from different locations in the reservoir was 140 μg/L. Phosphorus uptake by algae, weeds and aquatic plants, as well as high pH in the reservoir and streams might explain the slight drop of P concentration in waters. Further, the average P concentration observed in the main stream samples for the entire rainy season (March through October), ranged between 157 and 346 μg/L with an average of 267 μg/L (S.D. = 65 μg/L). Application of P fertilizers (April/May) for summer crops might explain the increase in P concentration. When factors affecting P concentration in streams are considered, the technique could provide a reasonable estimation of P concentration in stream water

Extent and patterns of community collaboration in local health departments: An exploratory survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Local public health departments (LHDs) in the United States have been encouraged to collaborate with various other community organizations and individuals. Current research suggests that many forms of active partnering are ongoing, and there are numerous examples of LHD collaboration with a specific organization for a specific purpose or program. However, no existing research has attempted to characterize collaboration, for the defined purpose of setting community health status priorities, between a defined population of local officials and a defined group of alternative partnering organizations. The specific aims of this study were to 1) determine the range of collaborative involvement exhibited by a study population of local public health officials, and, 2) characterize the patterns of the selection of organizations/individuals involved with LHDs in the process of setting community health status priorities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Local health department officials in North Carolina (n = 53) responded to an exploratory survey about their levels of involvement with eight types of possible collaborator organizations and individuals. Descriptive statistics and the stochastic clustering technique of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) were used to characterize their collaboration.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Local health officials vary extensively in their level of collaboration with external collaborators. While the range of total involvement varies, the patterns of involvement for this specific function are relatively uniform. That is, regardless of the total level of involvement (low, medium or high), officials maintain similar hierarchical preference rankings with Community Advisory Boards and Local Boards of Health most involved and Experts and Elected Officials least involved.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The extent and patterns of collaboration among LHDs with other community stakeholders for a specific function can be described and ultimately related to outcome measures of LHD performance.</p

Delivering reform in English healthcare: an ideational perspective

A variety of perspectives has been put forward to understand reform across healthcare systems. Recently, some have called for these perspectives to give greater recognition to the role of ideational processes. The purpose of this article is to present an ideational approach to understanding the delivery of healthcare reform. It draws on a case of English healthcare reform – the Next Stage Review led by Lord Darzi – to show how the delivery of its reform proposals was associated with four ideational frames. These frames built on the idea of “progress” in responding to existing problems; the idea of “prevailing policy” in forming part of a bricolage of ideas within institutional contexts; the idea of “prescription” as top-down structural change at odds with local contexts; and the idea of “professional disputes” in challenging the notion of clinical engagement across professional groups. The article discusses the implications of these ideas in furthering our understanding of policy change, conflict and continuity across healthcare settings