Energiförbrukning och potentiell energibesparing vid badanläggningar : förstudie /

1. The relative contributions of habitat and food availability on fitness may provide evidence for key habitat features needed to safeguard population persistence. However, defining habitat quality for a species can be a complex task, especially if knowledge on the relationship between individual performance and habitat quality is lacking. 2. Here, we determined the relative importance of availability of suitable forest habitat, body mass, and food from masting tree species on female lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans). 3. We calculated LRS of 500 female flying squirrels based on a 22 year-long longitudinal data set of two populations from western Finland. We assessed with generalised additive models the potential effects of availability of suitable habitat and cumulative lifetime availability of food from masting tree species on female LRS, longevity and fecundity. On a reduced dataset, we evaluated the importance of female winter body mass and conducted a piecewise path analysis to determine how variables were connected. 4. According to generalised additive models female longevity, fecundity and LRS were mainly determined by variation in cumulative lifetime availability of food from masting alder and birch. Instead, habitat and body mass had smaller role. The path analysis indicated that lifetime food availability had direct effect on longevity and fecundity, and these had equal effect on LRS at both study sites. 5. Our results on LRS shows that the occurrence of tree masting events during a flying squirrel female’s lifetime have profoundly larger effect on lifetime reproductive success than the cover of suitable forest habitat. Furthermore, this study emphasises the importance of both fecundity and longevity, and the indirect effects of food availability via those components, as determinants of lifetime fitness of female flying squirrels

Pharmacologic prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery: a systematic review

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia occurring after cardiac surgery. Its incidence varies depending on type of surgery. Postoperative AF may cause hemodynamic deterioration, predispose to stroke and increase mortality. Effective treatment for prophylaxis of postoperative AF is vital as reduces hospitalization and overall morbidity. Beta - blockers, have been proved to prevent effectively atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery and should be routinely used if there are no contraindications. Sotalol may be more effective than standard b-blockers for the prevention of AF without causing an excess of side effects. Amiodarone is useful when beta-blocker therapy is not possible or as additional prophylaxis in high risk patients. Other agents such as magnesium, calcium channels blocker or non-antiarrhythmic drugs as glycose-insulin - potassium, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, N-acetylcysteine and statins have been studied as alternative treatment for postoperative AF prophylaxis

Zoobenthos and fish communities in the Färjsundet-Lumparn area 1993

In the Färjsundet - Lumparn area (earlier studied in 1971 - 1973 and in 1989) 15 stations. representing gradients from inner, sheltered bays to the open coast , were revisited in 1993 in order to get an up-to-date picture of the situation and also to identify changes that may have occured since 1989. One new station was included in order to improve the covering The parameters studied include hydrography, zoobenthos and fish. In order to complete a baseline analysis of the Aland archipelago started in 1991, the fish communities were studied from early July through September, covering 10 stations with a depth range from 3 to 6 m completed with 6 deeper stations with a depth range from 16 to 23 m using Swedish standard gill-nets,. The results for the zoobenthos show that the trend reported for the period 1973 - 89 has continued, in that biomasses have remaind low in the inner parts of the transects. with drastically increasing values towards the open areas. The fish communities show similar trends. with a positiv correlation between the fish abundance and the zoobenthic biomass. In conclusion. the results from 1993 indicate a slight improvement in the state of the area with possible slightly decreased (or stabilized) signs of eutrophication. The nutrient load, however. remains the main sourse of stress in the system

A base-line study on the fish communities along an archipelago gradient on NW Åland, N Baltic Sea

A base-line study of the fish communities along a gradient from the inner to the outer archipelago of NW Åland was conducted at seven stations using bentic gill nets at five sampling occasions from July to September, 1991. The stations are on a depth from about 4 to 6 meters, but also two stations with a depth about 20 meters were fished three times. Food choice analysis on perch were done at one sampling occasion. To get a rough picture of the littoral small fish in the area, a bottom-seine was used once at six stations along the gradient. The purpose of this study is to get a picture of the state of the fish communities and populations in relation to some hydrographical parameters (salinity, temperatur and pH) in an almost unpolluted area of the Baltic Sea. The fish populations in these areas consist of mainly fresh-water species such as roach (Rutilus rutilus) dominating the inner archipelago and perch (Perca fluviatilis) dominating the outer archipelago. In the inner-archipelago white bream (Blicca bjoerkna) is common but on the outer stations it is lacking and some marine species such as Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) occurs

The fish communities of three bays on Åland

The fish communities of three areas of sheltered bays were studied from July to September, 1992, using Swedish standard gill- nets. Area 1, in NW Åland with three stations from Orrfjärden, a large bay in the inner archipelago with brackish water, to Vandöfjärden that is nearly isolated from the sea, with almost oligohalin water. Area 2, in southern Åland is a sheltered bay connected to the outer archipelago through a sound, and area 3, in SE Åland (Lumparn) consisting of some sheltered bays and inlets. Area 1 was dominated by Cyprinides (roach and white bream) to about 70 %, (perch about 20 %). Vandöfjärden with its low salinity differed from the two other stations with its low biomass per effort and by the abundance of juvenile smelt (osmerus eperlanus). Area 2, Bursfjärden, was special with its close relationship to the open see, with species as Baltic herring that usually belonge to the outher archipelago. The dominating species was roach, about 45 %, when perch and Baltic herring of about 20 % each. The inner- most part of area 3, Ämnäsviken, was dominated by perch allthough the high biomass per effort and the population structure of roach indicated some eutrofication. Station 7, Ytterbyviken in the same area, was propably in a later phase of eutrofication, with low biomass per effort, and almost total absence of juvenile perch. Only a few species were represented in food choice analysis on perch caught at this station. In total, 12 species caught on gill- nets were recorded, reflecting the natural Baltic archipelago fish communities, in spite of local eutrophication

The structure of fish communities along an archipelago gradient in NW Åland

The structure of fish communities along an archipelago gradient in NW Aland was studied in the summer of 2003 as a follow-up study of earlier studies conducted in 1992 and 1997. Seven locations along the gradient were fished at a depth of 3-5 meters and at five occasions by using fishing nets. The depth gradient ( down to 12-15 meters) was also studied at three of these stations. Hydrography parameters were measured at each fishing occasion. Focus was especial/y placed on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) populations. This species was abundant in the inner and middle archipelago and few individuals were caught in the outer archipelago. It also seems that the pikeperch community has endured we/1 during the last decade. The results indicate that no big changes in the structure of these fish communities have taken place since the last decade. On the whole, the cold water fish species were dominating in the outer archipelago, wheras the freshwater and warm water fish were dominating in the inner archipelago. The communities in the middle archipelago constituted mainly of a mixture of all these species. lncreasing phosphorous and nitrogen contents and abundance of cyprinids in the inner archipelago indicates eutrophication, which was also the case back in 1992

LRS data and scripts

This zip-file contains data sets for Flying squirrel LRS (LRSdata_feb2017.csv), including all available food and habitat variables, age (longevity) and fecundity. individual data are field collected and aggregated for each female. All habitat variables were collected annually for each nest box and then aggregated for each female. Box numbers, GPS-locations and other information that may indicate exact location of nests are removed for security reasons. In addition, there is an excel-file (VariableExplanations.xlsx) with description of all variables in the main LRS-data file, and the original csv-files for annual food availability (catkin.csv), bodymass (bodymass.csv) and patch size (patchsize.csv). Finally, there are two R script-files, one for all analysis and one for figures