Body fat indices for identifying risk of hypertension in Indian children

The aim is to study BODY FAT INDICES FOR IDENTIFYING RISK OF HYPERTENSION IN INDIAN CHILDREN. The study was conducted during July 2015 to October 2015 in urban schools, chennai. 2000 children participated in the study,following 5 basic indices were measured,height using portable stadiometer, weight using electronic scale, waist circumference using resistant tape, TRICEPS SKIN FOLD THICKNESS using harpenden caliper, blood pressure using sphygmomanometer, and set of questions asked to them, with the results BODY MASS INDEX and WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO calculated. The reading and answers were analyzed together to obtain the results. The body fat indices like TSFT WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE strongly correlated with systolic and diastolic hypertension. Through questionnaire the physical activity food habits and exercise correlates with systolic and diastolic hypertension. To conclude, the measures of adiposity are significantly associated with risk of hypertension in a multicentric sample of Indian children and adolescents. age–gender specific values for, BODY MASS INDEX TRICEPS SKINFOLD THICKNESS, WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO, WRIST CIRCUMFERENCE collected in this study may be useful in the screening for risk of hypertension

Incidence of resistant mastitis in dairy cows in Tamil Nadu, India

The incidence of resistant mastitis in dairy cows in Tamil Nadu, India was 56.l %. The predominant resistant causative pathogen was Escherichia coli (50.64 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (44.25 %) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (5.11 %). Incidence of resistant mastitis was high in Holstein Friesian cross breed followed by Jersey cross breed and non descript. Highest incidence was observed in early stage of third lactation. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test revealed the E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA organisms showed more sensitivity to enrofloxacin, amoxicillin+sulbactam, gentamicin and ceftriaxone and had highest resistant to penicillin followed by amoxicillin, oxytetracycline and methicillin. The study highlights the need for preventing the indiscriminate use of antibiotics

A study on treatment of resistant mastitis in dairy cows

The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and treatment of antibiotic resistant mastitis in dairy cows. The predominant resistant causative pathogen was Escherichia coli (50.64 %) followed by S. aureus (44.25 %) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcal aureus (5.11%).These isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. In all the treatment groups of E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA mastitis, the post treatment pH, SCC was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased when compared to pre treatment pH, SCC values and the post treatment electrical conductivity was significantly (P < 0.01) increased when compared to pre treatment electrical conductivity value. In E. coli mastitis, treated with amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin and gentamicin showed 74.1%, 67.75 %, 76.67 % and 64.52 % clinical recovery and in S. aureus mastitis, showed 65.25 %, 65.25 %, 72.43 % and 68.98 % clinical recovery. In MRSA mastitis, enrofloxacin was found to be highly effective in comparison to amoxicillin+sulbcactam

A study on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cows

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious problem in dairy animals suffering from mastitis. The study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of Methicillin resistant S. aureus from clinical mastitis milk samples and their antibiotic resistance profile and characterised with respect to the molecular features that contributed to the resistance in these pathogens. Isolation and identification of Methicillin resistant S. aureus were performed from acute clinical mastitis samples. The isolates were tested using agar disc diffusion method for their antimicrobial susceptibility and modified resazurin assay micro dilution technique for MIC to 8 different antimicrobial drugs. A total of 235 clinical mastitis milk samples from dairy cows were cultured for incidence of S. aureus. Methicillin resistant S. aureus was isolated from a total of 12 (44.25%) of the 116 S. aureus samples. Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity and MIC results, MRSA isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. Most of MRSA isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. MRSA alert kit test and mecA and blaZ target gene PCR were found to be useful in the confirmation of MRSA

IN SILICO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ENROFLOXACIN ON AFLATOXIN B1-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY

Additional therapeutics are required to minimize the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in animals due to the drawbacks of mycotoxin binders. The cytochrome P450 enzyme system is necessary for the metabolic activation of AFB1 before it produces the cytotoxic AFB1-exo-8, 9-epoxide (AFBO). It is already proven that enrofloxacin (ENR) has been shown to substantially decrease the activity of the cytochrome P450 enzymes. To understand how ENR affects AFB1-induced cytotoxicity, it is important to highlight this context. In this present study, molecular docking was performed between ENR with CYP3A4 protein, apoptotic proteins (Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, fas L, MAPK1), and catalase. To assess the effect of ENR on AFB1-induced cytotoxicity by MTT assay and trypan blue dye exclusion techniques, the mammalian simulative Vero cell lines were used in different treatment groups as AFB1 alone, ENR alone, AFB1+ENR, and AFB1+silymarin (known cell protective agent). This was done to further evaluate the in silico analysis. ENR interacted more positively with all of the proteins (CYP3A4, Bax, catalase, caspase 3, caspase 8, MAPK1, and fas L), according to the findings of molecular docking studies. On the other hand, cytotoxicity caused by AFB1 is successfully prevented by ENR at a dose of 25 µg/mL. The results of the present study suggest that ENR primarily protects against cytotoxicity induced by AFB1 in Vero cells as the evidence of in silico studies revealed that ENR may protect AFB1-induced cytotoxicity by interacting with the CYP3A4 enzyme which is primarily required for activation AFB1

Microscopic characteristics of biodiesel – Graphene oxide nanoparticle blends and their Utilisation in a compression ignition engine

Use of nano-additives in biofuels is an important research and development topic for achieving optimum engine performance with reduced emissions. In this study, rice bran oil was converted into biodiesel and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were infused into biodiesel-diesel blends. Two blends containing (i) 5% biodiesel, 95% diesel and 30 ppm GO (B5D95GO30) and (ii) 15% biodiesel, 85% diesel and 30 ppm GO (B15D85GO30) were prepared. The fuel properties like heating value, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, etc. of the nanoadditives–biodiesel-diesel blends (NBDB) were measured. Effects of injection timing (IT) on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics were studied. It was observed that both B15D85GO30 and B5D95GO30 blends at IT23° gave up to 13.5% reduction in specific fuel consumption. Compared to diesel, the brake thermal efficiency was increased by 7.62% for B15D85GO30 at IT23° and IT25°. An increase in IT from 23° to 25° deteriorated the indicated thermal efficiency by 6.68% for B15D85GO30. At maximum load condition, the peak heat release rates of NBDB were found to be lower than the pure diesel at both IT. The CO, CO2 & NOx emissions were reduced by 2–8%. The study concluded that B15D85GO30 at IT23° gave optimum results in terms of performance, combustion and emission characteristics

Pathomorphological Changes in Thiram Toxicosis in Broiler Chicken

Abstract: Thiram a fungicide used for treating corn and for storing food grains were incorporated at 15, 30 and 60 ppm into the toxin free diet of broiler chicken for four weeks from the day of hatch. The clinical signs were reduced weight gain, lameness, abnormal bending of the tibial bones, enlarged hock joints and sternal recumbency. Grossly tibial dyschondroplasia was seen as a white opaque unmineralized cartilage plug in the tibiotarsus. Histopathologically, tibiotarsus revealed thinning of the growth plate, irregular arrangement of the proliferating layer, abnormal thickening of the transitional layer and thickened hypertrophic layer in the thiram fed groups. Changes were also seen in the liver, bile duct, kidney, heart, crop, gizzard, intestine, lymphoid organs including bursa, spleen and caecal tonsils and brain. There was no mortality at any levels of thiram tested. Results of the present study thus revealed that thiram at a level of even 15 ppm affected the health and performance of broiler chicken