Perilaku dan Loyalitas Konsumen Madu di Kota Bengkulu

Indonesia with a current population of nearly 240 million people, is the 4th largest population in the world need quite a lot of honey. The research objective was to analyze customer characteristics honey based group of consumers, identify the attributes of honey products that affect on purchase decisions, analyze consumer behavior and customer loyalty to honey, analyze the marketing mix right is based on the analysis of consumer behavior and consumer perception of the local honey product, and formulate strategies marketing of honey in the city of Bengkulu. Determining the location of the research conducted on honey outlets in the city of Bengkulu, the selection was conducted intentionally (purposive).The location of this study were at 8 stores/outlets of honey and herbs as well as a fairly large supermarket, honey outlets which was set as the study site. Data collection was done during the months of June-August 2015. The number of respondents in this study was 96. The data collected in this research were primary and secondary data that being collected to obtain the study aims to analysis of consumer behavior is processed using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), and analysis of loyalty consumer using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The method results Importance Performance Analysisis based on Cartesian diagram shows that there is one attribute that is considered important and is the main priority in determining customer satisfaction. The attribute was the special price for every purchase at a time/day/month special like, Ramadhan, Eid and other interest consumen calculation. Based Satisfaction Index, the level of consumer satisfaction reached 71.30% honey. The calculation results show that in general consumers of honey was categorized satisfied (0.61 <CSI ? 0.80)

Are estimates of socioeconomic inequalities in chronic disease artefactually narrowed by self-reported measures of prevalence in low-income and middle-income countries? Findings from the WHO-SAGE survey

Background: The use of self-reported measures of chronic disease may substantially underestimate prevalence in low-income and middle-income country settings, especially in groups with lower socioeconomic status (SES). We sought to determine whether socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) differ if estimated by using symptom-based or criterion-based measures compared with self-reported physician diagnoses. Methods: Using population-representative data sets of the WHO Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE), 2007–2010 (n=42 464), we calculated wealth-related and education-related concentration indices of self-reported diagnoses and symptom-based measures of angina, hypertension, asthma/chronic lung disease, visual impairment and depression in three ‘low-income and lower middle-income countries’—China, Ghana and India—and three ‘upper-middle-income countries’—Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Results: SES gradients in NCD prevalence tended to be positive for self-reported diagnoses compared with symptom-based/criterion-based measures. In China, Ghana and India, SES gradients were positive for hypertension, angina, visual impairment and depression when using self-reported diagnoses, but were attenuated or became negative when using symptom-based/criterion-based measures. In Mexico, Russia and South Africa, this distinction was not observed consistently. For example, concentration index of self-reported versus symptom-based angina were: in China: 0.07 vs −0.11, Ghana: 0.04 vs −0.21, India: 0.02 vs −0.16, Mexico: 0.19 vs −0.22, Russia: −0.01 vs −0.02 and South Africa: 0.37 vs 0.02. Conclusions: Socioeconomic inequalities in NCD prevalence tend to be artefactually positive when using self-report compared with symptom-based or criterion-based diagnostic criteria, with greater bias occurring in low-income countries. Using standardised, symptom-based measures would provide more valid estimates of NCD inequalities

Des lacs collinaires pour un développement durable en Tunisie semi-aride

L'opération lac collinaire est une des composantes les plus importantes de la stratégie nationale et décennale 1990-2000 en matière de conservation des eaux et des sols en Tunisie. Les premiers résultats des observations d'un échantillon d'une cinquantaine d'ouvrages conduisent à la présentation d'une typologie fondée sur l'utilisation de la ressource hydrique qui est encore peu développée. L'accent est mis sur le rôle majeur que peuvent jouer ces aménagements dans la prise de conscience d'une protection de l'environnement et dans l'amorce d'un développement local beaucoup plus autonome et durable. Ce dernier nécessite toutefois de préciser davantage le rôle de chaque partenaire concerné par l'aménagement. (Résumé d'auteur

Spatiotemporal chaos induces extreme events in an extended microcavity laser

Extreme events such as rogue wave in optics and fluids are often associated with the merging dynamics of coherent structures. We present experimental and numerical results on the physics of extreme events appearance in a spatially extended semiconductor microcavity laser with intracavity saturable absorber. This system can display deterministic irregular dynamics only thanks to spatial coupling through diffraction of light. We have identified parameter regions where extreme events are encountered and established the origin of this dynamics in the emergence of deterministic spatiotemporal chaos, through the correspondence between the proportion of extreme events and the dimension of the strange attractor

A Generalization of Girod's Bidirectional Decoding Method to Codes with a Finite Deciphering Delay

Girod's encoding method has been introduced in order to efficiently decode from both directions messages encoded by using finite prefix codes. In the present paper, we generalize this method to finite codes with a finite deciphering delay. In particular, we show that our decoding algorithm can be realized by a deterministic finite transducer. We also investigate some properties of the underlying unlabeled graph

Strategi Pengembangan Koperasi Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Papua

  Purpose of this study is to identify and analyze internal and external factors that influence the development Kopma Unipa and to develop and recommend alternative strategies that can be applied in the development of Kopma Unipa . The study was conducted at the Student Cooperative Unipa. Subjects in this study are the management of the Student Cooperative. While method analysis used to formulate a strategy is a descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis using the SWOT and SWOT Matrix Diagrams. Analysis identifying the internal and external environment Kopma Unipa show that the strength is Kopma Unipa have democratic oversight system, has legal entities, the student has the intellectual capital and high creativity, capital aid from the University, has a diverse unit activity, and the relative price equal to competitors. While Kopma weakness is less strategic location, students have time constraints, lack of understanding of cooperative, low management capabilities, weak participation of members, the promotion is not maximized, the lack of training or training, products sold are still limited choice and number, and space cooperatives are less extensive. Based on the SWOT analysis matrix formulation of strategies to develop Kopma Unipa is to increase the role and participation of students in Kopma, increasing the supply of primary goods into student, develop innovation in all aspects of the utilization of technological progress, expand market share, forming a pattern of good marketing, improving the ability of management, strategic build a separate building, build a corporation and coordination with the Government, Academic and cooperatives that exist in the region, improve service quality, and internal consolidation

No Rise in Incidence but Geographical Heterogeneity in the Occurrence of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis in North East England

In this study, we examined temporal changes in the incidence of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and investigated associations between PBC incidence and sociodemographic factors and spatial clustering. We included 982 patients aged ≥40 years from North East England with incident PBC diagnosed during 1987–2003. Age-standardized incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze incidence and socioeconomic deprivation. Clustering analysis was performed using point process methods, testing the null hypothesis that disease risk does not vary spatially and that PBC cases occur independently. The age-standardized incidence rate was 53.50 per million persons per year (95% confidence interval: 48.65, 58.35) in 1987–1994 and 45.09 per million persons per year (95% confidence interval: 41.10, 49.07) in 1995–2003. Risk of PBC increased in areas with higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation (P = 0.035). More specifically, risk increased in areas with higher levels of overcrowded homes (P = 0.040), higher levels of households without cars (P < 0.001), and higher levels of non-owner-occupied homes (P < 0.001). Overall, there was evidence of spatial clustering (P = 0.001). The findings confirm that overall incidence of PBC did not rise over time, but sociodemographic variations suggest that certain aspects of deprivation are involved in its etiology