Delay Tolerant Networking over the Metropolitan Public Transportation

We discuss MDTN: a delay tolerant application platform built on top of the Public Transportation System (PTS) and able to provide service access while exploiting opportunistic connectivity. Our solution adopts a carrier-based approach where buses act as data collectors for user requests requiring Internet access. Simulations based on real maps and PTS routes with state-of-the-art routing protocols demonstrate that MDTN represents a viable solution for elastic nonreal-time service delivery. Nevertheless, performance indexes of the considered routing policies show that there is no golden rule for optimal performance and a tailored routing strategy is required for each specific case

A Study on the Seismic Response of Ground and Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Belgaum Region, India

In the recent years, each unpredictable earthquake (for example Kobe, 1995; Taiwan, 1999; Kocaeli, 1999 and Bhuj, 2001) has revealed its own saga of destruction and failure of engineered structures. Therefore, regional variation in potential earthquake damage should be carefully assessed for better planning towards disaster mitigation. This requires assessment of the seismic ground motion parameters. The present study focus on the seismic response of ground and reinforced concrete buildings in Belgaum region (located in zone III, as per IS 1893–Part1: 2002) in Karnataka state. At present no strong motion records are available in this region and therefore, wavelet-based spectrum compatibility approach is used to generate synthetic earthquake motions for the region. The effect of soil deposits in the region on propagation of seismic motion parameters to the ground surface is investigated based on equivalent linear approach. The Frequency response analysis of buildings of various configurations is carried out with three dimensional numerical modeling. The results indicate the maximum spectral accelerations at the ground surface in the range of 0.68g to 1.29g and peak ground acceleration (PGA) amplifications in the range of 2.16 to 3.13. The predicted fundamental period of soil deposits in the region varies from 0.2 s to 0.4 s. The configuration of buildings susceptible to resonance due to the close matching of resulting wave frequencies of the ground is identified

The Hierarchy Principle and the Large Mass Limit of the Linear Sigma Model

In perturbation theory we study the matching in four dimensions between the linear sigma model in the large mass limit and the renormalized nonlinear sigma model in the recently proposed flat connection formalism. We consider both the chiral limit and the strong coupling limit of the linear sigma model. Our formalism extends to Green functions with an arbitrary number of pion legs,at one loop level,on the basis of the hierarchy as an efficient unifying principle that governs both limits. While the chiral limit is straightforward, the matching in the strong coupling limit requires careful use of the normalization conditions of the linear theory, in order to exploit the functional equation and the complete set of local solutions of its linearized form.Comment: Latex, 41 pages, corrected typos, final version accepted by IJT

Protein contain in Cyprinus carpio (Ham.) of experimental and control fishes due to administration of ovaprim, ovatide and pituitary gland extract at Fish Seed Production Centre, Paithan, Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India

Protein contain is a cornerstone mechanism and form part and parcel of nutritive value in particular rely on season, food intake, breeding and spawning capacity. The protein contain in the fish body constitute as a firsthand source of energy for physiological functions incorporating reproduction. Present investigation display that variations in the protein is observed from the mature fishes of Indian major carps such as Cyprinus carpio comprises 20 to 50cm selected for the estimation of protein study considered as experimental and control fishes upon administration of PGE, ovaprim and ovatide synthetic hormonal doses to the male and female sex ratio separately. Protein in the liver of female major carps may be because of vitellogenin, a lipoprotein which is synthesized in the liver and is transported to the ovary (Wallace, 1985). Moreover, gonadal protein enhanced with maturation amongst these fishes. Protein estimation represents the variations throughout the study period amongst the muscle, gonad and liver. After hormonal injections are given then fishes are kept in the breeding pool at the Fish Seed Production Centres (FSPC) located near Paithan barrage. The protein is estimated upon satisfactory administration of hormonal doses Pituitary Gland Extract and by other two synthetic hormonal doses viz. Ovaprim and Ovatide. Study is conducted during 2013 to 2014

Comments on the Equivalence between Chern-Simons Theory and Topological Massive Yang-Mills Theory in 3D

The classical formal equivalence upon a redefinition of the gauge connection between Chern-Simons theory and topological massive Yang-Mills theory in three-dimensional Euclidean space-time is analyzed at the quantum level within the BRST formulation of the Equivalence Theorem. The parameter controlling the change in the gauge connection is the inverse $\lambda$ of the topological mass. The BRST differential associated with the gauge connection redefinition is derived and the corresponding Slavnov-Taylor (ST) identities are proven to be anomaly-free. The Green functions of local operators constructed only from the ($\lambda$-dependent) transformed gauge connection, as well as those of BRST invariant operators, are shown to be independent of the parameter $\lambda$, as a consequence of the validity of the ST identities. The relevance of the antighost-ghost fields, needed to take into account at the quantum level the Jacobian of the change in the gauge connection, is analyzed. Their role in the identification of the physical states of the model within conventional perturbative gauge theory is discussed.Comment: 19 pages, LATEX, to appear in Journal of High Energy Physic

Location relevance and diversity in symbolic trajectories with application to telco data

We present an approach to the discovery and characterization of relevant locations and related mobility patterns in symbolic trajectories built on call detail records - CDRs - of mobile phones (telco trajectories). While the discovery of relevant locations has been widely investigated for continuous spatial trajectories (e.g., stay points detection methods), it is not clear how to deal with the problem when the movement is defined over a discrete space and the locations are symbolic, noisy and irregularly sampled, such as in telco trajectories. In this paper, we propose a methodological approach structured in two steps, called trajectory summarization and summary trajectories analysis, respectively, the former for removing noise and irrelevant locations; the latter to synthesize key mobility features in a few novel indicators. We evaluate the methodology over a dataset of approx 17,000 trajectories with 55 million points and spanning a period of 67 days. We find that trajectory summarization does not compromise data utility, while significantly reducing data size. Moreover, the mobility indicators provide novel insights into human mobility behavior

EOAODV: Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Network

Cognitive Radio (CR) technology provides promising and a new solution to improve the spectrum utilization. In recent years, cognitive radio technology (CR) has been proposed to allow unlicensed secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access the channels unused by primary users (PU). This paper focuses on designing Enhancement of Opportunistic Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (EOAODV) routing protocol that uses shortest distance, Expected Transmissions Count (ETC) and residual energy as a parameter to select the most reliable link and the next forwarding node. The selection of route in the network by the traditional AODV is based on hop count. It is proposed to achieve a gain of Opportunistic Routing (OR) with AODV for cognitive radio wireless sensor networks (CRWSN) to improve its efficiency. In the OR work the nexthop node selection was based on only Expected Transmission Count (ETC). In this case if the same node is selected as nexthop for many times, energy of that node is drained and node may be dead. To overcome this problem, a technique is contributed that is energy based nexthop selection ie. EOAODV. The ETC is computed based on the quantized value of RSSI of the links with residue energy in the forwarding node. Using ETC the reliable link is computed and stored in routing table. The packets are tranmitted to the destination using channel details and the next hop, available in the routing table. The next hop selection is based on high energy in the nodes, shortest distance and least ETC