Notas sobre el género Marsilea en España.

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Haemophilus parasuis

The expression of chemokines (CCL-2 and CXCL-8) and cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) was evaluated by RT-qPCR in colostrum-deprived pigs vaccinated and challenged with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5. Two vaccines containing native proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (NPAPTim and NPAPTit) were tested, along with two control groups: one inoculated with PBS instead of antigen (challenge group (CHG)), and another one nonimmunized and noninfected (blank group). The use of NPAPTim and NPAPTit resulted in complete protection against H. parasuis (no clinical signs and/or lesions), and both vaccines were capable of avoiding the expression of the proinflammatory molecules to levels similar to physiological values in blank group. However, overexpression of all proinflammatory molecules was observed in CHG group, mainly in the target infection tissues (brain, lungs, and spleen). High expression of CCL-2, CXCL-8, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 can be considered one of the characteristics of H. parasuis infection by serovar 5

GRB 051221A and Tests of Lorentz Symmetry

Various approaches to quantum gravity suggest the possibility of violation of Lorentz symmetry at very high energies. In these cases we expect a modification at low energies of the dispersion relation of photons that contains extra powers of the momentum suppressed by a high energy scale. These terms break boost invariance and can be tested even at relatively low energies. We use the light curves of the very bright short Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 051221A and compare the arrival times of photons at different energies with the expected time delay due to a modified dispersion relation. As no time delay was observed, we set a lower bound of 0.0066 E_{pl} \sim 0.66 10^{17} GeV on the scale of Lorentz invariance violation.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Dynamic tensile necking: influence of specimen geometry and boundary conditions

This paper examines the effects of sample size and boundary conditions on the necking inception and development in dynamically stretched steel specimens. For that task, a coordinated systematic experimental&-numerical work on the dynamic tensile test has been conducted. Experiments were performed using a tensile Kolsky apparatus for impact velocities ranging from 10 to 40 m/s. Three different sample-gauge lengths &- 7, 30 and 50 mm &- were considered for which the cross section diameter is 3.4 mm. The experiments revealed that the specimens' ductility to fracture depends on strain rate and sample length. Furthermore it was observed that, for those specimens having gauge lengths of 30 and 50 mm, the necking location varies with impact velocity. Numerical simulations of the dynamic tensile tests were carried out in order to characterize the dynamics of neck inception and development. For each specimen calculated, three types of boundary conditions were used, all of which match the experimentally measured strain-rate. It was pointed out that, while boundary conditions hardly affect the calculated stress&-strain characteristics, they strongly affect the wave propagation dynamics in the specimen thus dictating the necking location.The researchers of the University Carlos III of Madridare indebted to the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Project CCG10 UC3M/DPI 5596) and to the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España (Project DPI/2011 24068) for the financial support received which allowed conducting part of this work. D. Rittel acknowledges the support of Carlos III Univer sity with a Catedra de Excelencia funded by Banco Santan der during academic year 2011 2012

Validity of water industry wastes in cement industry

This paper examines the validity of several water industry wastes to be reused in different stages of cement production. The wastes considered are: a drinking water treatment plant sludge (DWTP), a sewage sludge (SS) and a spent activated carbon. Different procedures of drying of wastes using a novel dry spray system or subjected to thermal drying or stabilization and dried with lime are analysed. The spray drying process was successfully used with the DWTP sludge (but not with SS). The material was not found to be suitable as a supplementary material in blended cements. Despite this, the spray dried sludge did show good potential as partial or full substitute for clay as a raw material in cement clinker manufacture. A novel thermally drying process (Turbo-drying RINA-JET) was applied to produce dried sewage sludge. The dry sludge consisted of 56 % organic matter and has a high calorific value (8291 J / g), making it valid as an alternative fuel. The ash (35% of dry SS) contains Ca, Fe, P, Si and Al as main inorganic elements which are incorporated into the clinker phases. The burnability of the raw mixture containing this SS sludge was better than in the control raw mix. Furthermore, the paper describes an industrial process for stabilising sewage sludge (SS) with lime and evaluates the viability of the stabilised product, referred to as “Neutral”, as a raw material in the production of Portland cement clinker for the cement industry. The proposed process for sewage sludge treatment has a number of advantages over traditional treatments. In the Basic plant design, the chemical energy in the reagents generates sufficient thermal energy for the moisture to evaporate. This makes the process more energy-efficient than others. The validity of the “Neutral” product as a starting material in raw mixes for the production of cement clinker by substitution of limestone is demonstrated. Regarding the validity of spent activated carbon as an alternative to pet coke as fuel in Portland cement kilns, the carbon differed substantially from the coke, having lower calorific value (18 % less). However, the qualities of the spent coke were still sufficient for the intended use. The ash fraction of the spent activated carbon was mainly composed of anhydrite and quartz (SO3 = 14.1 %) and it is included into the clinker phases during the burning. The SO3 from the ashes promotes a very large growth in alite crystals in the clinker

Differential Modulation of I-K and I-Ca,I-L Channels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Guinea Pig Atria

[EN] Obesity mechanisms that make atrial tissue vulnerable to arrhythmia are poorly understood. Voltage-dependent potassium (I-K, I-Kur, and I-K1) and L-type calcium currents (I-Ca,I- L) are electrically relevant and represent key substrates for modulation in obesity. We investigated whether electrical remodeling produced by high-fat diet (HFD) alone or in concert with acute atrial stimulation were different. Electrophysiology was used to assess atrial electrical function after short-term HFD-feeding in guinea pigs. HFD atria displayed spontaneous beats, increased I-K (I-Kr + I-Ks) and decreased I-Ca,I- L densities. Only with pacing did a reduction in I-Kur and increased I-K1 phenotype emerge, leading to a further shortening of action potential duration. Computer modeling studies further indicate that the measured changes in potassium and calcium current densities contribute prominently to shortened atrial action potential duration in human heart. Our data are the first to show that multiple mechanisms (shortened action potential duration, early after depolarizations and increased incidence of spontaneous beats) may underlie initiation of supraventricular arrhythmias in obese guinea pig hearts. These results offer different mechanistic insights with implications for obese patients harboring supraventricular arrhythmias.This study was supported by an AHA (13SDG16850065 to AA), NIH (R01 HL147044 to AA), and Programa Prometeu de la Conselleria d Educació, Formació I Ocupació de la Generalitat Valenciana, award number PROMETEU/2016/088.Martínez-Mateu, L.; Saiz Rodríguez, FJ.; Aromolaran, A. (2019). Differential Modulation of I-K and I-Ca,I-L Channels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Guinea Pig Atria. Frontiers in Physiology. 10:1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01212S11810Abed, H. S., & Wittert, G. A. (2013). Obesity and atrial fibrillation. 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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 474(3), 554-559. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.113Aromolaran, A. S., Subramanyam, P., Chang, D. D., Kobertz, W. R., & Colecraft, H. M. (2014). LQT1 mutations in KCNQ1 C-terminus assembly domain suppress IKs using different mechanisms. Cardiovascular Research, 104(3), 501-511. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvu231Ashrafi, R., Yon, M., Pickavance, L., Yanni Gerges, J., Davis, G., Wilding, J., … Boyett, M. (2016). Altered Left Ventricular Ion Channel Transcriptome in a High-Fat-Fed Rat Model of Obesity: Insight into Obesity-Induced Arrhythmogenesis. Journal of Obesity, 2016, 1-12. doi:10.1155/2016/7127898Bai, J., Gladding, P. A., Stiles, M. K., Fedorov, V. V., & Zhao, J. (2018). Ionic and cellular mechanisms underlying TBX5/PITX2 insufficiency-induced atrial fibrillation: Insights from mathematical models of human atrial cells. 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Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(21), 2346-2354. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.028Caillier, B., Pilote, S., Patoine, D., Levac, X., Couture, C., Daleau, P., … Drolet, B. (2012). Metabolic syndrome potentiates the cardiac action potential-prolonging action of drugs: A possible ‘anti-proarrhythmic’ role for amlodipine. Pharmacological Research, 65(3), 320-327. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.11.015Chiu, H.-C., Kovacs, A., Ford, D. A., Hsu, F.-F., Garcia, R., Herrero, P., … Schaffer, J. E. (2001). A novel mouse model of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 107(7), 813-822. doi:10.1172/jci10947Christ, T., Boknik, P., Wöhrl, S., Wettwer, E., Graf, E. M., Bosch, R. F., … Dobrev, D. (2004). L-Type Ca2+Current Downregulation in Chronic Human Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated With Increased Activity of Protein Phosphatases. Circulation, 110(17), 2651-2657. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000145659.80212.6aCourtemanche, M., Ramirez, R. J., & Nattel, S. (1998). Ionic mechanisms underlying human atrial action potential properties: insights from a mathematical model. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 275(1), H301-H321. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.1.h301Czick, M. E., Shapter, C. L., & Silverman, D. I. (2016). Atrial Fibrillation: The Science behind Its Defiance. Aging and Disease, 7(5), 635. doi:10.14336/ad.2016.0211Dan, G.-A., & Dobrev, D. (2018). Antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: Imminent impulses are emerging. IJC Heart & Vasculature, 21, 11-15. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.08.005Daoud, E. G., Knight, B. P., Weiss, R., Bahu, M., Paladino, W., Goyal, R., … Morady, F. (1997). Effect of Verapamil and Procainamide on Atrial Fibrillation–Induced Electrical Remodeling in Humans. Circulation, 96(5), 1542-1550. doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.5.1542De Sensi, F., Costantino, S., Limbruno, U., & Paneni, F. (2019). Atrial fibrillation in the cardiometabolic patient. Minerva Medica, 110(2). doi:10.23736/s0026-4806.18.05882-2Dey, S., DeMazumder, D., Sidor, A., Foster, D. B., & O’Rourke, B. (2018). Mitochondrial ROS Drive Sudden Cardiac Death and Chronic Proteome Remodeling in Heart Failure. Circulation Research, 123(3), 356-371. doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.312708Diness, J. G., Sørensen, U. S., Nissen, J. D., Al-Shahib, B., Jespersen, T., Grunnet, M., & Hansen, R. S. (2010). Inhibition of Small-Conductance Ca 2+ -Activated K + Channels Terminates and Protects Against Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 3(4), 380-390. doi:10.1161/circep.110.957407Djoussé, L., Benkeser, D., Arnold, A., Kizer, J. R., Zieman, S. J., Lemaitre, R. N., … Ix, J. H. (2013). Plasma Free Fatty Acids and Risk of Heart Failure. Circulation: Heart Failure, 6(5), 964-969. doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000521Ehrlich, J. R., Ocholla, H., Ziemek, D., Rütten, H., Hohnloser, S. H., & Gögelein, H. (2008). Characterization of Human Cardiac Kv1.5 Inhibition by the Novel Atrial-selective Antiarrhythmic Compound AVE1231. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 51(4), 380-387. doi:10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181669030Feng, J., Yue, L., Wang, Z., & Nattel, S. (1998). Ionic Mechanisms of Regional Action Potential Heterogeneity in the Canine Right Atrium. Circulation Research, 83(5), 541-551. doi:10.1161/01.res.83.5.541Fernandez, M. L., Conde, A. K., Ruiz, L. R., Montano, C., Ebner, J., & McNamara, D. J. (1995). Carbohydrate type and amount alter intravascular processing and catabolism of plasma lipoproteins in guinea pigs. Lipids, 30(7), 619-626. doi:10.1007/bf02536998Fretts, A. M., Mozaffarian, D., Siscovick, D. S., Djousse, L., Heckbert, S. R., King, I. B., … Lemaitre, R. N. (2014). Plasma Phospholipid Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 3(3). doi:10.1161/jaha.114.000889Gaborit, N., Steenman, M., Lamirault, G., Le Meur, N., Le Bouter, S., Lande, G., … Demolombe, S. (2005). Human Atrial Ion Channel and Transporter Subunit Gene-Expression Remodeling Associated With Valvular Heart Disease and Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation, 112(4), 471-481. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.506857Garnvik, L. E., Malmo, V., Janszky, I., Wisløff, U., Loennechen, J. P., & Nes, B. M. (2018). Physical activity modifies the risk of atrial fibrillation in obese individuals: The HUNT3 study. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 25(15), 1646-1652. doi:10.1177/2047487318784365Gaspo, R., Bosch, R. F., Talajic, M., & Nattel, S. (1997). Functional Mechanisms Underlying Tachycardia-Induced Sustained Atrial Fibrillation in a Chronic Dog Model. Circulation, 96(11), 4027-4035. doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.11.4027Goette, A., Honeycutt, C., & Langberg, J. J. (1996). Electrical Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation. 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E., Couette, B., Bourinet, E., Platzer, J., Reimer, D., Striessnig, J., & Nargeot, J. (2003). Functional role of L-type Cav1.3 Ca2+ channels in cardiac pacemaker activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(9), 5543-5548. doi:10.1073/pnas.0935295100Martinez-Mateu, L., Romero, L., Ferrer-Albero, A., Sebastian, R., Rodríguez Matas, J. F., Jalife, J., … Saiz, J. (2018). Factors affecting basket catheter detection of real and phantom rotors in the atria: A computational study. PLOS Computational Biology, 14(3), e1006017. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006017Matafome, P., & Seiça, R. (2017). Function and Dysfunction of Adipose Tissue. Obesity and Brain Function, 3-31. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63260-5_1Matsimra, H., & Ehara, T. (1997). Selective Enhancement of the Slow Component of Delayed Rectifier K+Current in Guinea-Pig Atrial Cells by External ATP. 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