Studi Kelayakan Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik Dari Rumah Makan Sebagai Produksi Energi Dengan Menggunakan Reaktor Biogas Skala Rumah Tangga

Sampah sisa makanan adalah sumber energi yang dapat dioptimalkan sebagai energi alternatif berupa biogas. Penelitian mengenai biogas pada skala laboratorium sudah banyak dilakukan, tetapi penelitian pada skala rumah tangga masih sedikit dilakukan. Penelitian menggunakan satu buah reaktor dengan volume 225 L untuk sistem semi kontinyu dan 4 buah reaktor dengan volume 19 L untuk sistem batch dengan perbedaan variasi pencacahan. Setiap reaktor diisi dengan inokulum kotoran sapi dan kemudian diberikan feeding. Terdapat 2 tahapan penelitian, tahap pertama menggunakan feeding artificial dan tahap kedua menggunakan feeding sampah sisa makanan dengan parameter yang diukur adalah volume biogas dan kandungan COD. Pada penelitian tahap pertama rata - rata volume biogas yang dihasilkan dari sistem semi kontinyu sebesar 2,41 L/hari dan penurunan COD sebesar 76,4%. Untuk sistem batch tahap pertama rata - rata produksi biogas tertinggi ada pada reaktor dengan feeding yang dihaluskan yaitu sebesar 0,56 L/hari dan penurunan COD tertinggi ada pada reaktor tanpa penambahan feeding yaitu sebesar 80,4%. Pada penelitian tahap kedua rata - rata volume biogas yang dihasilkan dari sistem semi kontinyu sebesar 3,7 L/hari dan penurunan kandungan COD sebesar 77,8%. Untuk sistem batch pada tahap kedua rata - rata produksi biogas dan penurunan COD tertinggi ada pada reaktor dengan feeding yang dihaluskan sebesar 1,17 L/hari dan penurunan COD sebesar 83,5%. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa reaktor skala rumah tangga dapat menghasilkan biogas dengan feeding sampah sisa makanan dan mampu menurunkan kandungan COD. Untuk reaktor sistem batch dapat diketahui bahwa feeding yang telah dihaluskan dapat menghasilkan biogas yang lebih optimal

AUGMENTED REALITY MEASUREMENT SEDERHANA MENGGUNAKAN OS ANDROID (ARealSure)

Aplikasi pengukuran telah banyak digunakan di sistem IOS maupun android. Namun, aplikasi pengukuran berbasis android tidak sebaik dengan aplikasi pengukuran berbasis sistem IOS. Beberapa orang masih meragukan keakuratan aplikasi ini karena terkadang hasil pengukuran tidak akurat dan masih banyak eror atau bug. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengembangkan aplikasi pengukuran berbasis android dengan tingkat keakuratan 90%. Apikasi pengukuran ini menerapkan AR (Augmented Reality). Proses pembuatan aplikasi menggunakan software android studio, library dan ARcore. Untuk Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan yaitu Java Output. Pertimbangan menggunakan perangkat tersebut aplikasi pengukuran untuk smartphone berbasis Android dapat mengukur atau mengetahui dimensi benda bangun datar dan bangun ruang dengan satuan cm dan hasil pengukuran yang akurat. Kata Kunci: Augmented Reality, Android, Aplikasi, Pengukuran, Akur

On the origin of X-ray oxygen emission lines in obscured AGN

We present the Catalogue of High Resolution Spectra of Obscured Sources (CHRESOS) from the XMM-Newton Science Archive. It comprises the emission-line luminosities of H- and He-like transitions from C to Si, and the Fe 3C and Fe 3G L-shell ones. Here, we concentrate on the soft X-ray OVII (f) and OVIII Ly alpha emission lines to shed light on to the physical processes with which their formation can be related to active galactic nucleus (AGN) versus star-forming regions. We compare their luminosity with that of two other important oxygen key lines [O III]lambda 5007 angstrom, in the optical, and [O IV] 25.89 mu m, in the infrared (IR). We also test OVII (f) and OVIII Ly alpha luminosities against that of continuum bands in the IR and hard X-rays, which point to different ionization processes. We probe into those processes by analysing photoionization and collisional ionization model predictions upon our lines. We show that both scenarios can explain the formation and observed intensities of OVII (f) and OVIII Ly alpha. By analysing the relationships between OVII (f) and OVIII Ly alpha, and all other observables: [OIII]lambda 5007 angstrom, [O IV] 25.89 mu m emission lines, and mid-infrared (MIR) 12 mu m, far-infrared (FIR) 60 and 100 mu m, 2-10 and 14-195 keV continuum bands, we conclude that the AGN radiation field is mainly responsible of the soft X-ray oxygen excitation

On the origin of X-ray oxygen emission lines in obscured AGN

We present the Catalogue of High Resolution Spectra of Obscured Sources (CHRESOS) from the XMM-Newton Science Archive. It comprises the emission-line luminosities of H- and He-like transitions from C to Si, and the Fe 3C and Fe 3G L-shell ones. Here, we concentrate on the soft X-ray O VII (f) and O VIII Lyα emission lines to shed light on to the physical processes with which their formation can be related to active galactic nucleus (AGN) versus star-forming regions. We compare their luminosity with that of two other important oxygen key lines [O III] λ5007 Å, in the optical, and [O IV] 25.89 μm, in the infrared (IR). We also test O VII (f) and O VIII Lyα luminosities against that of continuum bands in the IR and hard X-rays, which point to different ionization processes. We probe into those processes by analysing photoionization and collisional ionization model predictions upon our lines. We show that both scenarios can explain the formation and observed intensities of O VII (f) and O VIII Lyα. By analysing the relationships between O VII (f) and O VIII Lyα, and all other observables: [O III] λ5007 Å, [O IV] 25.89 μm emission lines, and mid-infrared (MIR) 12 μm, far-infrared (FIR) 60 and 100 μm, 2-10 and 14-195 keV continuum bands, we conclude that the AGN radiation field is mainly responsible of the soft X-ray oxygen excitation.Fil: Reynaldi, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Guainazzi, Matteo. Agencia Espacial Europea. European Space Research And Technology Centre.; Países BajosFil: Bianchi, S. Universita Degli Studi Roma Treviso; ItaliaFil: Andruchow, Ileana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: García, Federico. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute; Países BajosFil: Salerno, N. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: López, I. E.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentin

Peningkatan Daya Tarik Produk UMKM Teh Sereh Seungit dengan Kemasan Kekinian

Expanding the distribution of product sales to souvenir outlets around Cianjur Regency is a challenge for business partners. Especially if the partner's products do not have selling value because they do not have a brand name, uninteresting packaging, and have no PIRT permit. Moreover, the limitation of the partner is in utilizing technology to support operations and marketing. In community development activity, we have the opportunity to assist partners to increase the attractiveness and selling value of products so that their products can be accepted at souvenir outlets around Ciputri and Cianjur Villages. In addition, we help partners to enhance thier capabilities in technical knowledge and use of technology for operational and promotion. The results of this activity are the product has a brand name and product labels, the creation of innovative, attractive, and nowadays packaging, obtaining PIRT certificates, and finally can sell and diplay the product in the famous souvenir outlets in Cianjur. Besides, increasing partner skills in the use of technology for purchasing production materials and marketing. After the community development activities and mentoring period are over, it is expected to provide benefits for partners to independently expand product distribution to souvenir shops around Cianjur so that they can increase sales and the economy of partner families. Besides, partners can independently use e-commerce and social media as a means of promotion and sales

Síndrome de despoblamiento de colmenas: estudio de caso en la provincia de Buenos Aires

Las abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) cumplen un rol importante como polinizadores de diversos cultivos y contribuyen con los ecosistemas, su disminución amenaza a la polinización tanto de plantas silvestres como cultivadas, poniendo en peligro la biodiversidad, el alimento y la producción agrícola (Simon-Delso et al. 2014). El Síndrome de despoblamiento de colmenas (SDC) es un fenómeno que afecta a las poblaciones de abejas y que se caracteriza por la pérdida masiva de sus colonias, en especial durante la temporada invernal (vanEngelsdorp et al., 2009). En 2017 se registró un posible caso de SDC en el que 170 colmenas pertenecientes al partido de General Alvear, provincia de Buenos Aires, nucleadas en 3 colmenares, habían sufrido la pérdida masiva de sus abejas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las posibles causas de dicho episodio a partir del estudio de presencia de patógenos en esas colmenas

Powerful Radio Sources in the Southern Sky. II. A SWIFT X-Ray Perspective

We recently constructed the G4Jy-3CRE, a catalog of extragalactic radio sources based on the GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) sample, with the aim of increasing the number of powerful radio galaxies and quasars with similar selection criteria to those of the revised release of the Third Cambridge catalog (3CR). The G4Jy-3CRE consists of a total of 264 radio sources mainly visible from the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we present an initial X-ray analysis of 89 G4Jy-3CRE radio sources with archival X- ray observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. We reduced a total of 615 Swift observations, for about 0.89 Msec of integrated exposure time, we found X-ray counterparts for 61 radio sources belonging to the G4Jy-3CRE, 11 of them showing extended X-ray emission. The remaining 28 sources do not show any X-ray emission associated with their radio cores. Our analysis demonstrates that X-ray snapshot observations, even if lacking uniform exposure times, as those carried out with Swift, allow us to (i) verify and/or re ne the host galaxy identi cation; (ii) discover the extended X-ray emission around radio galaxies of the intracluster medium when harbored in galaxy clusters, as the case of G4Jy 1518 and G4Jy 1664, and (iii) detect X-ray radiation arising from their radio lobes, as for G4Jy 1863.Comment: 35 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables; second paper of a series, pre-proof versio