Effect of SSP – 11 on Weight and Tissue Composition of 4th Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Η αντιορμόνη νεότητας ουσία SSP-11 ((E) 4 χλωρο-α. α-τριφΟοριο-Ν [1(1Η-ιμιδαζολ-1-ύλ)-2-προπόξυ εθυλαδεν] Ο, τολονθίνη) χρησιμοποιήθηκε να προκαλέσει έκδυση προνυμφών τρίτης έκουσης από αυτες τετάρτης έκδυσης μεταξοσκώληκα, Bombyx mori (φυλή ΝΒ7). Η ουσία δόθηκε με τεχνητή τροφή για δυο ημέρες σε συγκέντρωση 200 ppm σε νεοεκδυθείσες προνύμφες 4ης ηλικίας. Το βάρος του σοόματος και των μεταξογόνων αδένων καταγραφόταν καθημερινά στην 4η ηλικία και το προφίλ των πρωτεϊνών της αιμολέμφου, του λιποίδους σώματος και των μεταξογόνων αδένιον προσδιοριζόταν στο τέλος της ηλικίας. Σε προνύμφες που δόθηκε η SSP-11 η διάρκεια διατροφής της 4ης ηλικίας επιμηκύνθηκε κατά 3-4 ημέρες και το 80-85% των προνυμφοίν άρχισαν να πλέκουν κουκούλι ως προνύμφες 3ης έκδυσης. Οκταπλάσια και τριακονταπλάσια αύξηση στα βάρη του σώματος της προνύμφης και των μεταξογόνων αδένων αντίστοιχα ήταν το αποτέλεσμα της χορήγησης SSP-11. Επιπλέον, οι συνολικές πρωτεΐνες, υδατάνθρακες, γλυκογόνο και νουκλεϊκά οξέα (DNA και RNA) αυξήθηκαν επίσης. Τα επίπεδα δραστηριότητας της αμινοτρανσφεράσης της αλανίνης και του ασπαρτικού αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά παρά στο μάρτυρα δείχνοντας αυξημένη κινητοποίηση αμινοξέων στη δραστικότητα των τρανσαμινασών. The anti-juvenoid, SSP-11 ((E) 4-chloro-a, a, a-trifluro-N [ 1 (1 H-imidazole- 1 –y1)- 2-propoxy ethylyledene] O, toludine) was used to induce trimoulters from tetramoulter larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (race NB7). The compound was fed for two days through an artificial diet at the concentration of 200 ppm to newly ecdysed 4th stadium larvae. Body and silkgland fresh weight were recorded daily in the 4th larval stadium and protein profiles of haemolymph, fat body and silkgland were determined at the end of the stadium. In larvae treated with SSP-11, feeding period in stadium 4 was prolonged by 3-4 days and 80-85% of the larvae started to spin as trimoulters. Eight and thirty fold increases in the larval body and silkgland weights respectively were the result of SSP-11. Further, total proteins, total carbohydrates, glycogen and nucleic acid (DNA & RNA) also increased. The activity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferasc increased significantly than in the control indicating increased mobilization of aminoacids into transamination activities

A study of assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli

Background: Antimicrobials are routinely used for variety of clinical conditions but are also misused leading to drug resistance bacteria in clinical practice. Consultants can gain the knowledge about it and can also have the depth of problem faced, their prescribing behavior mainly depends on their attitude and understanding of condition. Our aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics prescribing among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli. Methods: Our present study was conducted in the Bharati hospital, BV (DU) medical college and hospital, Sangli. Ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee was obtained and it was, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study carried out in the form of a survey in which a pretested, semi-structured, validated questionnaire was provided to junior residents, senior residents and faculty of different specialties and responses were recorded. Questionnaire comprises of 9 in knowledge, 10 in attitude and 10 in practice section. Results: Out of all participants 84.5% believed that no need of antibiotics for running and blocked nose. Majority 89.6% were expressed that sample culture should be sent before starting antibiotics. 90.4% participants believed that education of patients will help. Only 76.8% strictly adhere to the antibiotic policy of our hospital. Conclusions: The present study on antibiotic usage gives useful information about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of prescribers and help plan suitable educational modifications that aim at improving the antimicrobial prescribing and minimizing the development of drug resistance in our developing country

Are textbook lungs really normal? A cadaveric study on the anatomical and clinical importance of variations in the major lung fissures, and the incomplete right horizontal fissure.

INTRODUCTION: The lungs have three main fissures: the right oblique fissure (ROF), right horizontal fissure (RHF), and left oblique fissure (LOF). These can be complete, incomplete or absent; quantifying the degree of completeness of these fissures is novel. Standard textbooks often refer to the fissures as complete, but awareness of variation is essential in thoracic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fissures in 81 pairs of cadaveric lungs were classified. Oblique fissures were measured from lung hila posteriorly to the lung hila anteriorly; and the RHF measured from the ROF to the anteromedial lung edge. The degree of completeness of fissures was expressed as a percentage of the total projected length were they to be complete. The frequency and location of accessory fissures was noted. RESULTS: LOF were complete in 66/81 (81.5%), incomplete in 13/81 (16.0%) and absent in 2/81 (2.47%); ROF were complete in 52/81 (64.2%), incomplete in 29/81 (35.8%) and never absent; RHF were more variable, complete in 18/81 (22.2%), incomplete in 54/81 (66.7%) and absent in 9/81 (11.1%). LOF and ROF were on average 97.1% and 91.6% complete, respectively, being deficient posteriorly at the lung hila. The RHF on average 69.4% complete, being deficient anteromedially. There were accessory fissures in 10 left and 19 right lungs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a projection of the anatomy thoracic surgeons may encounter at operation, in particular the variable RHF. This knowledge is essential for optimal outcomes in both benign and oncological procedures influenced by the fissures

Reeling and fibre quality of commercial silkworm hybrid (PM × NB4D2) in relation to number of feeds and seasons

201-204<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">Reeling and fibre quality of commercial silkworm hybrid, PM × NB4D2, have been analyzed in relation to number of feeds and seasons. The results indicate positive correlation of reeling and fibre quality with number of feeds. 26 and 28 feeds result in better reeling and fibre characteristics such as reelability, evenness neatness and cleanness. The renditta is more over 30 and 32 feeds but the difference in renditta is not statistically significant. Hence, 26 and 28 feeds are better for harvesting reeling cocoons of PM × NB4D2.</span