Multiple Dimensions of Strategic Spatial Planning: Local Authorities Navigating between Rationalities in Competitive and Collaborative Settings

This article scrutinises the role of strategic and communicative rationalities in strategic spatial planning. It contributes to the theoretical discussion on strategic spatial planning, where communicative rationality has usually been taken as a normative standpoint, despite the evident role of strategic rationality in guiding planning on the ground. To develop means for equally recognising the two rationalities, the article introduces an analytical framework in which four strategic orientations are identified by juxtaposing coordination through communicative and strategic rationalities with competitive and collaborative settings of social interaction. Its applicability is illustrated with the example of strategic spatial planning in Turku (Finland)

Katsauksia maankäyttö- ja rakennuslain toimivuuteen

Ympäristöministeriö toteuttaa vuosien 2012 ja 2013 maankäyttö- ja rakennuslain kokonaisarvioinnin, jossa arvioidaan lain toimivuutta ja vaikuttavuutta sen voimaantulon jälkeen monin tavoin muuttuneessa toimintaympäristössä. Arvioinnin suuntaamisen tueksi ympäristöministeriö on pyytänyt tiedeyhteisöltä itsenäisistä artikkeleista koostuvan puheenvuoron. Julkaistavissa katsauksissa tarkastellaan kaavoituksen ja rakentamisen toimintaympäristössä maankäyttö- ja rakennuslain voimaantulon jälkeen tapahtuneita muutoksia ja näköpiirissä olevia yhteiskunnan kehityssuuntia suhteessa lain tavoitteisiin ja tuloksiin

Strategic planning as the intentional production of a “Trading Zone”

For a long period of time there has been a kind of mirroring between the development of decision making models in Political science and the concepts and paradigms used in Planning theory. The dialogue has been interrupted when the "Garbage Can" model was proposed by Choen, March and Olsen in 1972: a model that emphasized the irreducible complexity of the policy processes. The article reconstructs this relationship and its evolution showing the influence of decision-making models on planning theory, and showing the difficulties of managing complexity for planners. The paper holds that interpreting planning processes through the lens of the "Trading zone" concept proposed by Peter Galison in the field of history of science could be an interesting way of dealing with the extreme complexity of contemporary planning problems. The conclusion is that the use of the Trading Zone concept is very promising to solve some dilemmas of planning theory and that it is particularly useful if we employ it in the growing area of strategic spatial planning

Memory-Based Mismatch Response to Frequency Changes in Rats

Any occasional changes in the acoustic environment are of potential importance for survival. In humans, the preattentive detection of such changes generates the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event-related brain potentials. MMN is elicited to rare changes (‘deviants’) in a series of otherwise regularly repeating stimuli (‘standards’). Deviant stimuli are detected on the basis of a neural comparison process between the input from the current stimulus and the sensory memory trace of the standard stimuli. It is, however, unclear to what extent animals show a similar comparison process in response to auditory changes. To resolve this issue, epidural potentials were recorded above the primary auditory cortex of urethane-anesthetized rats. In an oddball condition, tone frequency was used to differentiate deviants interspersed randomly among a standard tone. Mismatch responses were observed at 60–100 ms after stimulus onset for frequency increases of 5% and 12.5% but not for similarly descending deviants. The response diminished when the silent inter-stimulus interval was increased from 375 ms to 600 ms for +5% deviants and from 600 ms to 1000 ms for +12.5% deviants. In comparison to the oddball condition the response also diminished in a control condition in which no repetitive standards were presented (equiprobable condition). These findings suggest that the rat mismatch response is similar to the human MMN and indicate that anesthetized rats provide a valuable model for studies of central auditory processing

Inkjet printed metallic micropillars for bare die flip-chip bonding

Inkjet printed metal micropillars have been developed to help meet the demands for novel and highly adaptable microelectronics fabrication processes. The digitally printed silver pillar arrays in this study have been utilized in place of wafer-level solder bump processes or chip-level wire-bonded stud bumps. These three-dimensional silver pillars were printed with a drop-on-demand piezoelectric inkjet printer utilizing silver nanoparticle ink. The inkjet printed micropillars were found to have 22 μ m diameters and a height equivalent to approximately 3 μ m per droplet. In our study, we chose pillars for further use as stud bumps with 8, 10, 12 and 14 droplets, with heights of approximately 20.9 μ m, 25.9 μ m, 33.3 μ m and 35.9 μ m respectively. After printing on the bare dies the bumps were subsequently used to increase the contact reliability of flip-chip bonded samples. It was found that the bumped chips dramatically improved the reliability of the I/O connection as compared to unbumped samples. In fact nearly 88% of the bumped pads had a resistance less than 2.5 Ω/bump (no noticeable variation between bump heights) as compared to 17% for the unbumped bare dies. This study clearly demonstrates the fabrication of inkjet printed silver micropillars for use in uniform stud bump arrays. Furthermore, the feasibility of incorporating inkjet printed silver stud bumps for use in flip-chip fabrication methods was demonstrated.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Multiple Dimensions of Strategic Spatial Planning : Local Authorities Navigating between Rationalities in Competitive and Collaborative Settings

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.This article scrutinises the role of strategic and communicative rationalities in strategic spatial planning. It contributes to the theoretical discussion on strategic spatial planning, where communicative rationality has usually been taken as a normative standpoint, despite the evident role of strategic rationality in guiding planning on the ground. To develop means for equally recognising the two rationalities, the article introduces an analytical framework in which four strategic orientations are identified by juxtaposing coordination through communicative and strategic rationalities with competitive and collaborative settings of social interaction. Its applicability is illustrated with the example of strategic spatial planning in Turku (Finland).Peer reviewe

The “deliberative bureaucrat”:deliberative democracy and institutional trust in the jurisdiction of the Finnish planner

Abstract This article seeks to elaborate on Forester’s notion of the planner as a “deliberative practitioner”, aiming to add sensitivity to the institutional conditions of planning, focusing especially on Finland. In terms of trust, the concept of deliberative practitioner mostly focuses on interpersonal trust as a planner’s resource in mediating particular interests. Thereby, when applied to the Finnish context, institutional trust may be undermined as a key resource for the Finnish planner’s jurisdiction, justifying his/her proactive role and authority in bringing broader concerns to the planning agenda. This undermining prevents the acknowledgement of important institutional resources that the Finnish planner has in coping with the tensions between communicative ideals and neoliberal realities. A more context-sensitive and institutionally responsive theory of communicative planning is needed to help the planning professionals and other stakeholders conceive the deliberative ideals as supportive for the planners’ institutionally strong agency. Hence, the notion of the “deliberative bureaucrat”. The article seeks to develop an outline for such a theory by drawing upon studies of legal culture, the sociology of professions, deliberative democracy theory and the concept of trust