The Orbifolds of Permutation-Type as Physical String Systems at Multiples of c=26 IV. Orientation Orbifolds Include Orientifolds

In this fourth paper of the series, I clarify the somewhat mysterious relation between the large class of {\it orientation orbifolds} (with twisted open-string CFT's at $\hat c=52$) and {\it orientifolds} (with untwisted open strings at $c=26$), both of which have been associated to division by world-sheet orientation-reversing automorphisms. In particular -- following a spectral clue in the previous paper -- I show that, even as an {\it interacting string system}, a certain half-integer-moded orientation orbifold-string system is in fact equivalent to the archetypal orientifold. The subtitle of this paper, that orientation orbifolds include and generalize standard orientifolds, then follows because there are many other orientation orbifold-string systems -- with higher fractional modeing -- which are not equivalent to untwisted string systems.Comment: 22 pages, typos correcte

Conformal Moduli and b-c Pictures for NSR Strings

We explore the geometry of the superconformal moduli of the NSR superstring theory in order to construct the consistent sigma-model for the NSR strings, free of picture-changing ambiguities. The sigma-model generating functional is constructed by the integration over the bosonic and anticommuting moduli, corresponding to insertions of the vertex operators in scattering amplitudes. In particular, the integration over the bosonic moduli results in the appearance of picture-changing operators for the b-c system. Important example of the b-c pictures involves the unintegrated and integrated forms of the vertex operators. We derive the BRST-invariant expressions for the b-c picture-changing operators for open and closed strings and study some of their properties. We also show that the superconformal moduli spaces of the NSR superstring theory contain the global singularities, leading to the appearance of non-perturbative solitonic D-brane creation operators.Comment: 22 pages, references adde

Multiplicity dependence of identical particle correlations in the quantum optical approach

Identical particle correlations at fixed multiplicity are consideres in the presence of chaotic and coherent fields. The multiplicity distribution, one-particle momentum density, and two-particle correlation function are obtained based on the diagrammatic representation for cmulants in semi-inclusive events. Our formulation is applied to the analysis of the experimental data on the multiplicity dependence of correlation functions reported by the UA1 and the OPAL Collaborations.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Renormalization group approach to multiparticle density fluctuations

An iterative procedure is developed with the aim of constructing homogeneity rules for the distribution P(rho,delta) of the particle density rho at resolution scale delta. A single iteration step consists of a change in the normalization point of P(rho,delta) followed by a rescaling. Similar transformation rule is introduced for density fluctuations contaminated by Poisson noise. Application of the iterative procedure is given for the Ginzburg-Landau description of phase-transition from the quark-gluon plasma and for random cascading models.Comment: 11 pages REVTeX, 1 figure include

Fluid Dynamics of NSR Strings

We show that the renormalization group flows of the massless superstring modes in the presence of fluctuating D-branes satisfy the equations of fluid dynamics.In particular, we show that the D-brane's U(1) field is related to the velocity function in the Navier-Stokes equation while the dilaton plays the role of the passive scalar advected by the turbulent flow. This leads us to suggest a possible isomorphism between the off-shell superstring theory in the presence of fluctuating branes and the fluid mechanical degrees of freedom.Comment: 24 pages Dedicated to the memory of Ian Koga

Finite-dimensional analogs of string s <-> t duality and pentagon equation

We put forward one of the forms of functional pentagon equation (FPE), known from the theory of integrable models, as an algebraic explanation to the phenomenon known in physics as st duality. We present two simple geometrical examples of FPE solutions, one of them yielding in a particular case the well-known Veneziano expression for 4-particle amplitude. Finally, we interpret our solutions of FPE in terms of relations in Lie groups.Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages, 6 eps figure

KNO Scaling in the Neutral Pion Multiplicity Distributions for pi^{-}-proton interactions at 40 and 250 GeV/c

We analysed the binomial multiplicity moments of the neutral pions, using an extension of the generating functional technique for detection losses. We applied this model-independent method to the individual gamma-weights of 10000 events of pi^{-}-proton interactions at 40 GeV/c. We compared the obtained results to those of 250 GeV/c. We used the FRITIOF and a shifted KW distribution to describe the data.Comment: 8pp LaTeX, 1 Postscript Figur

H-function extension of the NBD in the light of experimental data

The recently introduced H-function extension of the Negative Binomial Distribution is investigated. The analytic form of P(n) is rederived by means of the Mellin transform. Applications of the HNBD are provided using experimental data for P(n) in e+e-, e+p, inelastic pp and non-diffractive p-pbar reactions.Comment: 8 pages REVTeX, 1 eps figure embedde

THE ANALYSIS OF YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARP FEEDING WHEN FERTILIZING THE PONDS WITH DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

В статті представлено результати досліджень щодо живлення цьоголіток коропа в ставах із застосуванням різних органічних удобрювачів.Встановлено, що внесення у дослідні стави пивної дробини та перегною ВРХ сприяло підвищенню рівня розвитку природної кормової бази. Отримані дані щодо живлення цьоголіток коропа в ставах з різними варіантами удобрення свідчать, що риба в усіх варіантах досліду була забезпечена природним кормом. Його відносний вміст в раціоні цьоголіток коропа дослідних груп складав 42,2±4,2–46,7±4,1 % і був у 1,2–1,3 рази вищий, ніж у контрольних (35,3±4,4 %). Індекс наповнення кишкового тракту риб при внесенні пивної дробини впродовж вегетаційного сезону поступово збільшувався; при внесенні перегною – збільшувався на початку періоду вирощування, із наступним зниженням його з початком годівлі штучними кормами; у контролі даний показник мав чітку тенденцію до зниження. Середні за вегетаційний сезон індекси наповнення кишкового тракту цьоголіток коропа в досліді були на рівні 256,5±22,4 – 348,1±23,5%, у контролі – 239,8±31,1 %.В статье представлены результаты исследования питания сеголеток карпа в прудах с применением различных органических  удобрителей. Установлено, что внесение в опытные пруды пивной дробины и перегноя КРС способствовало повышению уровня развития естественной кормовой базы. Полученные данные относительно питания сеголеток карпа в прудах с различными вариантами удобрения свидетельствуют, что рыба во всех вариантах опыта была обеспечена естественным кормом. Его относительное содержание в рационе сеголеток карпа опытных групп составляло 42,2±4,2–46,7±4,1 % и было в 1,2–1,3 раза выше, чем в контрольных (35,3±4,4 %). Индекс наполнения кишечного тракта рыб при внесении пивной дробины в течение вегетационного сезона постепенно увеличивался; при внесении перегноя – увеличивался в начале периода выращивания, с последующим снижением его с началом кормления искусственными кормами; в контроле данный показатель имел четкую тенденцию к снижению. Средние за вегетационный сезон индексы наполнения кишечного тракта сеголеток карпа в опыте были на уровне 256,5±22,4 – 348,1±23,5%, в контроле – 239,8±31,1%.The paper contains the results of the studies on young-of-the-year carp feeding in ponds with the application of different organic fertilizers.It was found that the application of brewer’s grains and cattle manure into ponds contributed to an increase in the level of the development of feeding organisms. The obtained data on young-of-the-year carp feeding in ponds with different fertilization variants indicate that fish in all experimental variants was supplied with natural feeds. Its relative content in young-of-the-year carp diet in experimental groups was 42.2±4.2-46.7±4.1% that was 1.2–1.3 times higher than in the control (35.3±4.4 %). Gut fullness index of the experimental fish when brewer’s grains were used gradually increased during the culture season; when manure was used – it increased in the beginning of the growing period and then reduced with the start of feeding fish with artificial feeds; in the control, this index had a clear tendency for decreasing. Mean gut fullness indices of young-of-the-year carp during the culture season were 256.5±22.4 – 348.1±23.5% in the experiment and 239.8±31.1% in the control