Critical Current Oscillations in Strong Ferromagnetic Pi-Junctions

We report magnetic and electrical measurements of Nb Josephson junctions with strongly ferromagnetic barriers of Co, Ni and Ni80Fe20 (Py). All these materials show multiple oscillations of critical current with barrier thickness implying repeated 0-pi phase-transitions in the superconducting order parameter. We show in particular that the Co barrier devices can be accurately modelled using existing clean limit theories and so that, despite the high exchange energy (309 meV), the large IcRN value in the pi-state means Co barriers are ideally suited to the practical development of superconducting pi-shift devices.Comment: 4 pages 3 figures 1 table. Revised version as accepted for publication. To appear in Physical Review Letter

0-pi oscillations in nanostructured Nb/Fe/Nb Josephson junctions

The physics of the $\pi$ phase shift in ferromagnetic Josephson junctions may enable a range of applications for spin-electronic devices and quantum computing. We investigate transitions from ``0'' to ``$\pi$'' states in Nb/Fe/Nb Josephson junctions by varying the Fe barrier thickness from 0.5 nm to 5.5 nm. From magnetic measurements we estimate for Fe a magnetic dead layer of about 1.1 nm. By fitting the characteristic voltage oscillations with existing theoretical models we extrapolate an exchange energy of 256 meV, a Fermi velocity of $1.98 \times 10^5$ m/s and an electron mean free path of 6.2 nm, in agreement with other reported values. From the temperature dependence of the $I_CR_N$ product we show that its decay rate exhibits a nonmonotonic oscillatory behavior with the Fe barrier thickness.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.

Regulamento legal internacional de gestão ambiental

The article provides an overview of the main international documents regulating environmental management measures. Identified three areas of modern international legal regulation of rational economic environmental management. Especially analyzed the fundamental principle in this area - the use of the best available technology. The conclusion is made about the feasibility of developing a single universal international treaty on the issues under consideration.El artículo proporciona una visión general de los principales protocolos internacionales de gestión de la gestión de la gestión. Identificados tres áreas de la modernización de la legislación internacional de regulación de la racionalización de los sistemas de gestión. En particular, el principio fundamental de este ámbito es el uso de la tecnología más avanzada. La conclusión se ha hecho sobre la viabilidad de la actuación a un único universal internacional tratada sobre los temas en cuestión.O artigo fornece uma visão geral dos principais documentos internacionais que regulam as medidas de gestão ambiental. Identificou três áreas de regulação legal internacional moderna de gestão ambiental econômica racional. Especialmente analisado o princípio fundamental nesta área - o uso da melhor tecnologia disponível. A conclusão é feita sobre a viabilidade do desenvolvimento de um tratado universal universal sobre as questões em consideração

Incentives for independent anti-corruption experts of normative legal acts and their projects

The article is devoted to the problem of incentives for independent anti-corruption experts conducting examination of normative legal acts and their project

Право человека на охрану здоровья - международно-правовой аспект ВИЧ/СПИД и права человека

Гусакова А. С. Право человека на охрану здоровья - международно-правовой аспект ВИЧ/СПИД и права человека / А. С. Гусакова // Міжнародні читання з міжнародного права пам’яті професора П.Є. Казанського : матер. третьої міжнар. наук. конф. (м. Одеса, 2–3 листопада 2012 р.) / відп. за випуск М. І. Пашковський ; НУ «ОЮА». – Одеса : Фенікс, 2012. – С. 250-252.Автор статьи считает, что во многих странах нарушениям прав человека, связанных с ВИЧ-статусом, не уделяется надлежащее внимание. Именно из-за этого чувствительность к инфекции и дальше порождается социальным, экономическим и гендерным неравенством. Если права человека не уважают, не защищают и не гарантируют, увеличивается риск инфицирования ВИЧ, а ВИЧ-инфицированные страдают от дискриминации, что наиболее часто мешает борьбе против эпидемии

International legal regulation of environmental management

The article provides an overview of the main international documents regulating environmental management measures. Identified three areas of modern international legal regulation of rational economic environmental manageme

Evolution of the local superconducting density of states in ErRh4_4B4_{4} close to the ferromagnetic transition

We present local tunneling spectroscopy experiments in the superconducting and ferromagnetic phases of the reentrant superconductor ErRh$_4$B$_{4}$. The tunneling conductance curves jump from showing normal to superconducting features within a few mK close to the ferromagnetic transition temperature, with a clear hysteretic behavior. Within the ferromagnetic phase, we do not detect any superconducting correlations. Within the superconducting phase we find a peculiar V-shaped density of states at low energies, which is produced by the magnetically modulated phase that coexists with superconductivity just before ferromagnetism sets in.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Physiological role of chemical elements

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИХИМИЯФИЗИОЛОГИЯХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫСТОМАТОЛОГИЯИНОСТРАННЫЕ СТУДЕНТЫХИМИЯ ОБЩАЯИздание составлено в соответствии с учебной программой по общей химии. Предназначено для иностранных студентов

Properties of tunnel Josephson junctions with a ferromagnetic interlayer

We investigate superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet/superconductor (SIFS) tunnel Josephson junctions in the dirty limit, using the quasiclassical theory. We formulate a quantitative model describing the oscillations of critical current as a function of thickness of the ferromagnetic layer and use this model to fit recent experimental data. We also calculate quantitatively the density of states (DOS) in this type of junctions and compare DOS oscillations with those of the critical current.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Density of states in SF bilayers with arbitrary strength of magnetic scattering

We developed the self-consistent method for the calculation of the density of states $N(\epsilon)$ in the SF bilayers. It based on the quasi-classical Usadel equations and takes into account the suppression of superconductivity in the S layer due to the proximity effect with the F metal, as well as existing mechanisms of the spin dependent electron scattering. We demonstrate that the increase of the spin orbit or spin flip electron scattering rates results in completely different transformations of $N(\epsilon)$ at the free F layer interface. The developed formalism has been applied for the interpretation of the available experimental data.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure