Pengaruh Pembengkokan terhadap Kekuatan Baja Sruktur Tulangan Beton di Lingkungan Air Gambut

Concrete reinforcement steel bar when it began ordering from manufacturers and further functionalized into the building structure experience bending process to ease the transportation activity or while loading and unloading is not willful bent. Environmental conditions also affect the physical and mechanical condition of the reinforcement steel bar. From the many environmental conditions of corrosion, the selected scope is the peat water as a characteristic geographical conditions in Riau Province. The research methodology is testing experimentally. Concrete reinforcement steel bar is bent on angle (α) 20o, 40o, 60o, 80o, 100o, 120o, 140o, 160o, and 180o. There are two groupings of each bending specimens, they are soaked in the peat water and not soaked in the peat water. Then the specimens is straightened for tensile testing. The average tensile strength and ductility of reinforcing steel bar increase varies depending on the bending angle when compared to normal reinforcement steel bar. The percentage of elongation decreased due to the bending depends of bending angle. Meanwhile, due to bending and soaked in the peat water, the tensile strength was increased but not exceeding the sample group were not soaked and the value of elongation decreased lower than the reinforcing steel bar that is not soaked

Catalytic glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol in a gas–solid fluidized bed

Glycerol is a potential feedstock to produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), which is a valuable commercial polyester monomer. Here, we report the gas-phase glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol over Pt/WO3/Al2O3 in a fluidized bed operating above 240 degrees C and at ambient pressure. Fluidized beds are ideal contactors for this reaction because the heat transfer rates are sufficiently high to vaporize glycerol thereby minimizing its combustion and thermal degradation. The yield of 1,3-PDO approached 14% after 2 h at 260 degrees C. The major co-products were 1,2-PDO (18%), 1-propanol (28%) and 2-propanol (15%). In the first step, glycerol may dehydrate to acrolein, followed by rehydration to 3-hydroxypropanal and then hydrogenation to 1,3-PDO. The concentrations of the by-products including acrolein, ethylene glycol, propane, and acetone increased with increasing temperature

Calbindin-D32k Is Localized to a Subpopulation of Neurons in the Nervous System of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima (Echinodermata)

Members of the calbindin subfamily serve as markers of subpopulations of neurons within the vertebrate nervous system. Although markers of these proteins are widely available and used, their application to invertebrate nervous systems has been very limited. In this study we investigated the presence and distribution of members of the calbindin subfamily in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima (Selenka, 1867). Immunohistological experiments with antibodies made against rat calbindin 1, parvalbumin, and calbindin 2, showed that these antibodies labeled cells and fibers within the nervous system of H. glaberrima. Most of the cells and fibers were co-labeled with the neural-specific marker RN1, showing their neural specificity. These were distributed throughout all of the nervous structures, including the connective tissue plexi of the body wall and podia. Bioinformatics analyses of the possible antigen recognized by these markers showed that a calbindin 2-like protein present in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, corresponded to the calbindin-D32k previously identified in other invertebrates. Western blots with anti-calbindin 1 and anti-parvalbumin showed that these markers recognized an antigen of approximately 32 kDa in homogenates of radial nerve cords of H. glaberrima and Lytechinus variegatus. Furthermore, immunoreactivity with anti-calbindin 1 and anti-parvalbumin was obtained to a fragment of calbindin-D32k of H. glaberrima. Our findings suggest that calbindin-D32k is present in invertebrates and its sequence is more similar to the vertebrate calbindin 2 than to calbindin 1. Thus, characterization of calbindin-D32k in echinoderms provides an important view of the evolution of this protein family and represents a valuable marker to study the nervous system of invertebrates

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Are agriculture and nutrition policies and practice coherent? Stakeholder evidence from Afghanistan

Despite recent improvements in the national average, stunting levels in Afghanistan exceed 70% in some Provinces. Agriculture serves as the main source of livelihood for over half of the population and has the potential to be a strong driver of a reduction in under-nutrition. This article reports research conducted through interviews with stakeholders in agriculture and nutrition in the capital, Kabul, and four provinces of Afghanistan, to gain a better understanding of the institutional and political factors surrounding policy making and the nutrition-sensitivity of agriculture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 46 stakeholders from central government and four provinces, including staff from international organizations, NGOs and universities. We found evidence of interdisciplinary communication at the central level and within Provinces, but little evidence of vertical coordination in policy formulation and implementation between the centre and Provinces. Policy formulation and decision making were largely sectoral, top-down, and poorly contextualised. The weaknesses identified in policy formulation, focus, knowledge management, and human and financial resources inhibit the orientation of national agricultural development strategies towards nutrition-sensitivity. Integrating agriculture and nutrition policies requires explicit leadership from the centre. However, effectiveness of a food-based approach to reducing nutrition insecurity will depend on decentralising policy ownership to the regions and provinces through stronger subnational governance. Security and humanitarian considerations point to the need to manage and integrate in a deliberate way the acute humanitarian care and long-term development needs, of which malnutrition is just one element

The Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Field Water Deficit

An experiment was carried out in 2006 to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes (I1, I2, I3 and I4 for irrigation after 80, 110, 140 and 170 mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively) on ground cover, yield and yield components of four chickpea cultivars (Arman, ILC and Jam from kabuli type and Pirooz from desi type) in the field. In most stages of crop growth and development, the ground cover of ILC under different irrigation regimes was higher than that of the other cultivars. The ground cover of all chickpea cultivars was reduced, as water deficit severity increased. Grain yield and yield components were significantly affected by irrigation regimes. Mean grains per plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per unit area for I4 were significantly lower than those for other irrigation regimes, but these traits did not differ significantly among I1, I2 and I3. Thus, irrigation after 140 mm evaporation from class A pan could be a suitable irrigation regime for chickpea cultivars, when water resources are limited. Grains per plant did not differ significantly among chickpea cultivars. In comparison, the largest and the smallest grains were obtained from ILC and Pirooz, respectively. In general, mean 1000 grain weight of kabuli type cultivars was higher than that of desi type cultivar. The superiority of ILC in ground cover and 1000 grain weight resulted in higher grain yield, compared to other cultivars. However, no significant differences in grain yield of Arman, Jam and Pirooz were observed. Interaction of cultivar x irrigation for ground cover, grain weight and grain yield per unit area was not significant, indicating that ILC was a superior cultivar under both well and limited irrigation conditions

Gas phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein: Coke on WO3/TiO2 reduces by-products

SSCI-VIDE+ATARI+AAUInternational audienceGlycerol is a renewable feedstock for specialty chemicals that is co-produced when oil and fats are trans-esterified to biodiesel or hydrolysed to fatty acids. Acrolein is a target specialty chemical but catalysts deactivate with time due to coke and thus require frequent regeneration cycles to maintain activity. WO3/TiO2 catalyst dehydrated glycerol for 14h while the acrolein selectivity increased as coke formed on the catalyst. After the first hour of reaction the acrolein selectivity was 36% and it reached steady state after 6 h at a selectivity of 73%. The major by-products were acetone, propanaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetol and formic acid. Coke selectivity dropped from 50% in the first hour to 9% after 14 h. Elemental analysis (CHNS/O) of the catalyst withdrawn from the reactor during the experiments confirmed that polyaromatics formed on the surface. Based on NH3 and SO2 adsorption calorimetry the number of strong acid sites remained constant during 14 h, while the number of the weak and medium acid sites dropped. The basic sites disappeared after 2 h; coincidentally, less by-products (acetone) formed. Samples treated with pyridine, were analysed by FT-IR and they had fewer Bronsted sites but no Lewis acid sites. Carbon deposited on walls of the cylindrical pores (based on Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method) and reduced the pore diameter. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Les corps étrangers laryngo-trachéo-bronchiques: expérience de l’hôpital d’instruction des armées Omar Bongo Ondimba (HIAOBO) de Libreville

L'inhalation accidentelle de corps étranger est fréquente chez l'enfant et exceptionnelle chez l'adulte. Elle représente une urgence respiratoire pouvant mettre en jeu le pronostic vital. L'objectif était de présenter les difficultés de prise en charge des corps étrangers laryngo-trachéo-bronchiques (CELTB). Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective réalisée sur une période de 6 ans (Avril 2006-Mars 2012), dans les services d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale (ORL-CCF) de l'HIA OBO de Libreville. Nous avons répertorié 21 dossiers de patients admis pour corps étrangers laryngo-trachéo-bronchiques. Leur âge moyen était de 8,95 ans avec des extrêmes de 3 et 37 ans. Les enfants représentaient 90% de cas. Le sex-ratio était de 2,30. Les corps étrangers étaient à 55% d'origine alimentaire et à 45% d'origine métallique. Leur localisation était laryngée dans 60% des cas, bronchique dans 35% et trachéale dans 5% des cas. Sur le plan clinique, la toux était retrouvée chez tous les patients. Il existait un syndrome de pénétration dans 60% de cas. La découverte était fortuite lors d'un syndrome de séjour broncho-pulmonaire dans 30% des cas. L'extraction des corps étrangers était réalisée par voie endoscopique et sous anesthésie générale. Chez 47,6% de cas, nous avons effectué une trachéotomie première. Les suites opératoires étaient favorables dans 95,24% et un décès a été noté. La prise en charge des CELTB doit être précoce et nécessite une parfaite collaboration entre anesthésistes et chirurgiens. Leur extraction se fait par voie endoscopique d'où l'intérêt de disposer, dans un service d'ORL-CCF, de matériel endoscopique adapté à l'âge

The miR-146a SNP Rs2910164 and miR-155 SNP rs767649 are risk factors for non-small cell lung cancer in the Iranian population

Background. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and may act as both tumor suppressors and as oncogenes. *e presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside the miRNA genomic region could affect target miRNA maturation, expression, and binding to its target mRNA and contribute to cancer development. Previous studies on the SNPs Rs2910164 in miR-146a and Rs767649 in miR-155 showed association with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. *us, the aim of this study was to detect any correlation between those SNPs in Iranian NSCLC patients. Methods. In a small cohort study, 165 NSCLC patients and 147 noncancer controls were enrolled between Apr 2015 and Sep 2019 at the Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Allele frequencies from the genomic DNA of blood cells were studied using PCR-RFLP and their association with the risk of lung cancer was evaluated. Results. *e rs2910164C allele (OR � 1.56, 95% CI � 1.10–2.21, p � 0.012) and CC genotype (OR � 2.93, 95% CI � 1.07–7.9, p � 0.034, respectively) were associated with a significantly increased risk for lung cancer compared to that for the GG genotype. When patients were stratified according to smoking exposure, no association with rs2910164 variants was found. *e AT genotype (OR � 0.57, 95% CI � 0.33–0.99, p � 0.048) and the A allele frequency (OR � 0.58, 95% CI � 0.35–0.98, p � 0.043) in rs767649 were lower in NSCLC patients in comparison with the control group. In addition, the rs767649 AT genotype frequency in smoking controls was higher than in smoking NSCLC patients (OR � 0.44, 95% CI � 0.21–0.90, p � 0.024). No association was found between rs2910164 and rs767649 variants and stage or type of NSCLC. Conclusion. Our finding suggests that miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-155 rs767649 polymorphisms may be considered as genetic risk factors for the susceptibility to NSCLC in the Iranian population. However, a larger multicenter study across Iran is needed to confirm these findings